阳澄湖沉积物重金属空间分布及生物毒害特征
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摘要
为了解阳澄湖沉积物重金属含量空间分布及污染特征,选取阳澄湖柱状沉积物样为研究对象,采用电感耦合等离子体质谱仪(ICP-MS)、原子荧光光谱仪(AFS)和Hydra-c型全自动测汞仪于2018年2月对阳澄湖15个采样点沉积物柱状样中8种重金属Cr、Ni、Cu、Zn、As、Cd、Pb、Hg进行测定,分析重金属元素含量在水平及垂向的分布特征和污染状况.结果表明,阳澄湖表层沉积物中Cr、Ni、Cu、Zn、As、Cd、Pb、Hg平均含量分别为101.28,68.72,66.54,187.33,15.85,0.45,34.02,0.09mg/kg,是各自背景值的1.34,2.09,2.89,2.88,1.69,4.99,1.54,3.00倍.垂向上重金属的含量随着深度的增加呈现出下降的趋势.对8种重金属进行相关分析和聚类分析,除As、Ni和Hg外,不同重金属之间存在着显著相关关系(P<0.05),这说明阳澄湖沉积物重金属之间存在着一定的同源性.采用沉积物质量基准(SQG)对阳澄湖沉积物中重金属生物毒性效应进行了评价,结果表明,阳澄湖沉积物中Ni有75%以上的可能性出现生物毒害效应,Cr、Cu、Zn、As则有10%～75%的可能性产生生物毒害效应,而Cd、Pb和Hg造成的生物毒害效应的可能性较小.ERMQ评价结果表明,阳澄西湖沉积物中重金属造成生物毒害的风险较大,其余湖区发生重金属生物毒害的风险较小.
To explore thespatial distribution and pollution characteristics of heavy metals in the Yangcheng Lake, core sedimentsamples were analyzed. ICP-MS, ASFand Hydra-c automatic mercury measuring instrument were applied to quantify eight heavymetals(Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Cd, Pband Hg) in sediments samples from 15 sampling sites of the Yangcheng lake in February 2018,analyzing the spatial distribution and pollution condition of heavy metals. The results indicated that the average contents of Cr, Ni,Cu, Zn, As, Cd,Pband Hg in the surface sediments were 101.28 mg/kg, 68.72 mg/kg, 6.54 mg/kg, 87.33 mg/kg, 5.85 mg/kg, 0.45 mg/kg,34.02 mg/kg and 0.09 mg/kg, respectively, which were 1.34, 2.09, 2.89, 2.88, 1.69, 4.99, 1.54, 3.00 times of the soil background valuesin Jiangsu Province.Contents of heavy metals showed a downward trend with increasing depth vertically. Cluster analysis andcorrelation analysis of eight metals manifested that except for As, Ni and Hg, there was a significant correlation between other heavymetals(P<0.05), which indicated certain homology among the heavy metals in sediments. The bio-toxicity effects of heavy metals inYangcheng Lake sediments were evaluated by sediment quality guideline(SQG). The results suggested that Ni was more likely tohave adverse effect on origanisms, with a probability of 75% and heavy metals like Cr, Cu, Zn, and As were 10% to 75% likely tohave biological toxic effects. Further analysis based on ERMQ evaluation showed the risk of adverse effects was higher in the westYangcheng Lake compared to the other parts of the lake.
To explore thespatial distribution and pollution characteristics of heavy metals in the Yangcheng Lake, core sedimentsamples were analyzed. ICP-MS, ASFand Hydra-c automatic mercury measuring instrument were applied to quantify eight heavymetals(Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Cd, Pband Hg) in sediments samples from 15 sampling sites of the Yangcheng lake in February 2018,analyzing the spatial distribution and pollution condition of heavy metals. The results indicated that the average contents of Cr, Ni,Cu, Zn, As, Cd,Pband Hg in the surface sediments were 101.28 mg/kg, 68.72 mg/kg, 6.54 mg/kg, 87.33 mg/kg, 5.85 mg/kg, 0.45 mg/kg,34.02 mg/kg and 0.09 mg/kg, respectively, which were 1.34, 2.09, 2.89, 2.88, 1.69, 4.99, 1.54, 3.00 times of the soil background valuesin Jiangsu Province.Contents of heavy metals showed a downward trend with increasing depth vertically. Cluster analysis andcorrelation analysis of eight metals manifested that except for As, Ni and Hg, there was a significant correlation between other heavymetals(P<0.05), which indicated certain homology among the heavy metals in sediments. The bio-toxicity effects of heavy metals inYangcheng Lake sediments were evaluated by sediment quality guideline(SQG). The results suggested that Ni was more likely tohave adverse effect on origanisms, with a probability of 75% and heavy metals like Cr, Cu, Zn, and As were 10% to 75% likely tohave biological toxic effects. Further analysis based on ERMQ evaluation showed the risk of adverse effects was higher in the westYangcheng Lake compared to the other parts of the lake.
引文
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[10]周静,刘松华.2015~2016年阳澄湖水质变化原因及对策研究[J].四川环境,2017,36(6):130-133.
[11]Zhou Jing,Liu Song-hua.Study on the causes and Counter measures of water quality change in Yangcheng Lake in 2015~2016[J].Sichuan Environment,2017,36(6):130-133.
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[15]蒋豫,吴召仕,赵中华,等.阳澄湖表层沉积物中氮磷及重金属的空间分布特征及污染评价[J].环境科学研究,2016,29(11):1590-1599.Jiang Yu,Wu Zhao-shi,Zhao Zhong-hua,et al.Spatial distribution and pollution assessment of nitrogen,phosphorus and heavy metals in surface sediments of Lake Yangcheng,Jiangsu Province,China[J].Research of Environmental Sciences,2016,29(1):1590-1599.
[16]Jr G A B.Sediment quality criteria in use around the world[J].Limnology,2002,3(2):65-76.
[17]宋学宏,顾海东,邴旭文,等.阳澄湖水体PI、BOD5与TOC的相关性[J].环境科学与技术,2011,34(1):109-113.Song Xue-hong,Gu Hai-dong,Bing Xu-wen,et al.Correlation of three water quality parameters-PI,BOD5 and TOC in Yangcheng Lake[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2011,34(1):109-113.
[18]Long E R,Macdonald D D,Smith S L,et al.Incidence of adverse biological effects within ranges of chemical concentrations in marine and estuarine sediments[J].Environmental Management,1995,19(1):81-97.
[19]Roach A C.Assessment of metals in sediments from Lake Macquarie,New South Wales,Australia,using normalisation models and sediment quality guidelines[J].Marine Environmental Research,2005,59(5):453-472.
[20]Long E R,Field L J,Macdonald D D.Predicting toxicity in marine sediments with numerical sediment quality guidelines[J].Environmental Toxicology&Chemistry,1998,17(4):714-727.
[21]Long E R,Macdonald D D.Recommended uses of empirically derived,sediment quality guidelines for marine and estuarine ecosystems[J].Human&Ecological Risk Assessment An International Journal,1998,4(5):1019-1039.
[22]Wetzez R G.Limnology:lake and river ecosystems[M].3rd ed.San Diego:Academic Press,200l:625-627.
[23]牛显春,周建敏,李春晖,等.茂名近岸海域底质重金属污染及潜在生态风险综合评价[J].黑龙江水专学报,2007,34(3):101-103.Niu Xian-chun,Zhou Jian-min,Li chun-hui,et al.Synthetic evaluation on the potential ecological risks of heavy metal pollution in sediments in the main Course of Maoming harbor in shore[J].Journal of Heilongjiang Hydraulic Engineering College,2007,34(3):101-103.
[24]Singh A K,Hasnain S I,Banerjee D K.Grain size and geochemical partitioning of heavy metals in sediments of the Damodar River-a tributary of the lower Ganga,India[J].Environmental Geology,1999,39(1):90-98.
[25]中国环境监测总站.中国土壤元素背景值[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,1990.Station of China environmental monitoring.Background value of China soil element[M].Beijing:China Environment Science Press,1990.
[26]王贵,张丽洁.海湾河口沉积物重金属分布特征及形态研究[J].海洋地质前沿,2002,18(12):1-5.Wang Gui,Zhang Lijie.Characteristics and morphology of heavy metal distribution in the estuarine sediments[J].Marine Geology Letters,2002,18(2):1-5.
[27]毛志刚,谷孝鸿,陆小明,等.太湖东部不同类型湖区疏浚后沉积物重金属污染及潜在生态风险评价[J].环境科学,2014,35(1):186-193.Mao Zhi-gang,GU Xiao-hong,Lu Xiao-ming,et al.Pollution Distribution and potential ecological risk assessment of heavy metals in sediments from the different eastern dredging regions of Lake Taihu[J].Environmental Science,2014,34(1):186-193.
[28]Lv J,Liu Y,Zhang Z,et al.Identifying the origins and spatial distributions of heavy metals in soils of Ju country(Eastern China)using multivariate and geostatistical approach[J].Journal of Soils&Sediments,2015,15(1):163-178.
[29]Smedley P L,Kinniburgh D G.A review of the source,behaviour and distribution of arsenic in natural waters[J].Applied Geochemistry,2002,17(5):517-568.
[30]蔡龙炎.基于主成分分析法的泉州湾表层沉积物中重金属污染可能来源分析[J].台湾海峡,2010,29(3):325-331.Cai long yan.Analysis of the source of heavy metal contamination in surface sediments Of Quanzhou Bay based on principal component analysis(PCA)[J].Jouanal of Oceangraphy in Tai Wan Strait,2010,29(3):325-331.
[31]宁增平,蓝小龙,黄正玉,等.贺江水系沉积物重金属空间分布特征、来源及潜在生态风险[J].中国环境科学,2017,37(8):3036-3047.Ning Zeng-ping,Lan Xiao-long,Huang Zheng-yu,et al.Spatial distribution characteristics,sources and potential ecological risk of heavy metals in sediments of the Hejiang River[J].China Environmental Science,2017,37(8):3036-3047.
[32]Wang S,Wang Y,Zhang R,et al.Historical levels of heavy metalsreconstructed from sedimentary record in the Hejiang River,located in a typical mining region of Southern China[J].Scienceof the Total Environment,2015,532:645-654.
[33]贾铁飞,张卫国,俞立中.1860s以来巢湖沉积物金属元素富集特点及其对人类活动的指示意义[J].地理研究,2009,(5):1217-1226.Jia Tie-fei,Zhang wei-guo,Yu Li-zhong.Metal element enrichment characteristics of sediments in Chaohu Lake since the 1860s and its implication to human activity[J].Geographical Research,2009,(5):1217-1226.
[2]郭晶,李利强,黄代中,等.洞庭湖表层水和底泥中重金属污染状况及其变化趋势[J].环境科学研究,2016,29(1):44-51.Guo Jing,Li Liqiang,Huang Daizhong,et al.Assessment of heavy metal pollution in surface water and sediment of Dongting Lake[J].Research of Environmental Sciences,2016,29(1):44-51.
[3]Zoumis T,Schmidt A,Grigorova L,et al.Contaminants insediments:remobilisation and demobilisation[J].Science of the Total Environment,2001,266(1-3):195.
[4]Deng J C,Wang Y S,Liu X,et al.Spatial distribution and risk assessment of heavy metals and As pollution in the sediments of a shallow lake[J].Environmental Monitoring&Assessment,2016,188(5):1-17.
[5]Ye X,Wang A J,Chen J.Distribution and depositioncharacteristics of carbon and nitrogen in sediments in a semiclosedbay area,southeast China[J].Continental Shelf Research,2014,90:133-141.
[6]宋学宏,邴旭文,孙丽萍,等.阳澄湖围网养殖区水体营养盐的时空变化与水质评价[J].水生态学杂志,2010,3(6):23-29.Song Xuehong,Bing Xuwen,Sun Liping,et al.The spatial and temporal changes of nutrients of net-pen aquaculture area in Yangcheng Lake and its water quality evaluation[J].Journal of Hydroecology,2010,3(6):23-29.
[7]桂智凡,薛滨,姚书春,等.阳澄湖水质现状及原因探讨[J].地理科学,2011,31(12):1487-1492.Gui Zhi-fan,Xue Bin,Yao Shu-chun,et al.Water quality status and influencing factors of Yangcheng Lake,China[J].Science Geographica Sinica,2011,31(12):1487-1492.
[8]吴菲,李健,吴俊锋,等.近年来阳澄湖污染源分析研究[J].污染防治技术,2017,30(6):38-45.Wu Fei,Li Jian,Wu Jun-feng,et al.Analysis on pollution sources of Yangcheng Lake in recent years[J].Pollution Control Technology,2017,30(6):38-45.
[9]蔡晓钰.入湖污染物量对阳澄湖水质及浮游生物的影响研究[D].苏州科技学院,2015.Cai Xiao-yu.Study on the amount of pollutants into the lake Yangcheng Lake water quality and phytoplankton[D].Master Dissertation of Suzhou University of Science and Technology,2015.
[10]周静,刘松华.2015~2016年阳澄湖水质变化原因及对策研究[J].四川环境,2017,36(6):130-133.
[11]Zhou Jing,Liu Song-hua.Study on the causes and Counter measures of water quality change in Yangcheng Lake in 2015~2016[J].Sichuan Environment,2017,36(6):130-133.
[12]Lu Y,Gong Z,Zhang G,et al.Concentrations and chemical speciations of Cu,Zn,Pb and Cr of urban soils in Nanjing,China[J].Geoderma,2003,115(1):101-111.
[13]Bi X,Feng X,Yang Y,et al.Environmental contamination of heavy metals from zinc smelting areas in Hezhang County,western Guizhou,China[J].Environment International,2006,32(7):883-890.
[14]武永锋,刘丛强,涂成龙.贵阳城市土壤重金属元素形态分析[J].矿物学报,2008,28(2):177-180.Wu Yong-feng,Liu Congqiang,Tu Chenglong.Speciation of heavy matals in Urban Soil at Gui Yang[J].Acta Mineralogica Sinica,2008,28(2):177-180.
[15]蒋豫,吴召仕,赵中华,等.阳澄湖表层沉积物中氮磷及重金属的空间分布特征及污染评价[J].环境科学研究,2016,29(11):1590-1599.Jiang Yu,Wu Zhao-shi,Zhao Zhong-hua,et al.Spatial distribution and pollution assessment of nitrogen,phosphorus and heavy metals in surface sediments of Lake Yangcheng,Jiangsu Province,China[J].Research of Environmental Sciences,2016,29(1):1590-1599.
[16]Jr G A B.Sediment quality criteria in use around the world[J].Limnology,2002,3(2):65-76.
[17]宋学宏,顾海东,邴旭文,等.阳澄湖水体PI、BOD5与TOC的相关性[J].环境科学与技术,2011,34(1):109-113.Song Xue-hong,Gu Hai-dong,Bing Xu-wen,et al.Correlation of three water quality parameters-PI,BOD5 and TOC in Yangcheng Lake[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2011,34(1):109-113.
[18]Long E R,Macdonald D D,Smith S L,et al.Incidence of adverse biological effects within ranges of chemical concentrations in marine and estuarine sediments[J].Environmental Management,1995,19(1):81-97.
[19]Roach A C.Assessment of metals in sediments from Lake Macquarie,New South Wales,Australia,using normalisation models and sediment quality guidelines[J].Marine Environmental Research,2005,59(5):453-472.
[20]Long E R,Field L J,Macdonald D D.Predicting toxicity in marine sediments with numerical sediment quality guidelines[J].Environmental Toxicology&Chemistry,1998,17(4):714-727.
[21]Long E R,Macdonald D D.Recommended uses of empirically derived,sediment quality guidelines for marine and estuarine ecosystems[J].Human&Ecological Risk Assessment An International Journal,1998,4(5):1019-1039.
[22]Wetzez R G.Limnology:lake and river ecosystems[M].3rd ed.San Diego:Academic Press,200l:625-627.
[23]牛显春,周建敏,李春晖,等.茂名近岸海域底质重金属污染及潜在生态风险综合评价[J].黑龙江水专学报,2007,34(3):101-103.Niu Xian-chun,Zhou Jian-min,Li chun-hui,et al.Synthetic evaluation on the potential ecological risks of heavy metal pollution in sediments in the main Course of Maoming harbor in shore[J].Journal of Heilongjiang Hydraulic Engineering College,2007,34(3):101-103.
[24]Singh A K,Hasnain S I,Banerjee D K.Grain size and geochemical partitioning of heavy metals in sediments of the Damodar River-a tributary of the lower Ganga,India[J].Environmental Geology,1999,39(1):90-98.
[25]中国环境监测总站.中国土壤元素背景值[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,1990.Station of China environmental monitoring.Background value of China soil element[M].Beijing:China Environment Science Press,1990.
[26]王贵,张丽洁.海湾河口沉积物重金属分布特征及形态研究[J].海洋地质前沿,2002,18(12):1-5.Wang Gui,Zhang Lijie.Characteristics and morphology of heavy metal distribution in the estuarine sediments[J].Marine Geology Letters,2002,18(2):1-5.
[27]毛志刚,谷孝鸿,陆小明,等.太湖东部不同类型湖区疏浚后沉积物重金属污染及潜在生态风险评价[J].环境科学,2014,35(1):186-193.Mao Zhi-gang,GU Xiao-hong,Lu Xiao-ming,et al.Pollution Distribution and potential ecological risk assessment of heavy metals in sediments from the different eastern dredging regions of Lake Taihu[J].Environmental Science,2014,34(1):186-193.
[28]Lv J,Liu Y,Zhang Z,et al.Identifying the origins and spatial distributions of heavy metals in soils of Ju country(Eastern China)using multivariate and geostatistical approach[J].Journal of Soils&Sediments,2015,15(1):163-178.
[29]Smedley P L,Kinniburgh D G.A review of the source,behaviour and distribution of arsenic in natural waters[J].Applied Geochemistry,2002,17(5):517-568.
[30]蔡龙炎.基于主成分分析法的泉州湾表层沉积物中重金属污染可能来源分析[J].台湾海峡,2010,29(3):325-331.Cai long yan.Analysis of the source of heavy metal contamination in surface sediments Of Quanzhou Bay based on principal component analysis(PCA)[J].Jouanal of Oceangraphy in Tai Wan Strait,2010,29(3):325-331.
[31]宁增平,蓝小龙,黄正玉,等.贺江水系沉积物重金属空间分布特征、来源及潜在生态风险[J].中国环境科学,2017,37(8):3036-3047.Ning Zeng-ping,Lan Xiao-long,Huang Zheng-yu,et al.Spatial distribution characteristics,sources and potential ecological risk of heavy metals in sediments of the Hejiang River[J].China Environmental Science,2017,37(8):3036-3047.
[32]Wang S,Wang Y,Zhang R,et al.Historical levels of heavy metalsreconstructed from sedimentary record in the Hejiang River,located in a typical mining region of Southern China[J].Scienceof the Total Environment,2015,532:645-654.
[33]贾铁飞,张卫国,俞立中.1860s以来巢湖沉积物金属元素富集特点及其对人类活动的指示意义[J].地理研究,2009,(5):1217-1226.Jia Tie-fei,Zhang wei-guo,Yu Li-zhong.Metal element enrichment characteristics of sediments in Chaohu Lake since the 1860s and its implication to human activity[J].Geographical Research,2009,(5):1217-1226.