基于电功图的抽油机井工况诊断模型
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摘要
针对目前缺乏典型工况特征的电功图图集而导致电功图资料无法被充分应用、采油生产系统实时工况诊断难等问题,考虑曲柄实际角速度、四连杆的惯性、摩擦等因素,推导基于光杆示功图的电功图计算模型,建立13种油井工况下的典型电功图特征图集和基于特征值的电功图工况诊断模型,并编制工况诊断软件。经现场5口油井功图计算检验,结果表明:实测电功图与计算电功图的上、下冲程功率峰值、功率的极差、平均功率的平均相对误差分别为1.74%、3.89%、2.96%、1.74%。经现场6口油井电功图的工况诊断检验,该井下工况诊断结果与示功图诊断结果一致,表明基于电功图的抽油机井工况诊断模型准确率高,能为抽油机井采油系统智能分析和优化决策提供技术支持。
The real-time diagnosis on the working conditions of oil production well system can be carried out based on the electrical diagram data of oil pumps,in which the characteristics of the electrical diagram at typical working conditions should be understood. In this paper,a mathematical model transforming the mechanical work diagram of the pump rod to electrical diagrams was derived in consideration of various factors,including the actual angular velocity of the crank,the inertia and friction of the four bar linkage. A diagnostic model and software was compiled,in which 13 typical electrical diagrams corresponding to different working conditions were considered. The results for case studies of 5 wells show that the average relative errors of the peak power in up and down strokes,the range of power and the average power between measured electrical diagrams and those calculated are 1. 74%,3. 89%,2. 96%,1. 74% respectively. The diagnosis results on the working conditions of 6 wells in an oilfield have shown the effectiveness and accuracy of the new method.
The real-time diagnosis on the working conditions of oil production well system can be carried out based on the electrical diagram data of oil pumps,in which the characteristics of the electrical diagram at typical working conditions should be understood. In this paper,a mathematical model transforming the mechanical work diagram of the pump rod to electrical diagrams was derived in consideration of various factors,including the actual angular velocity of the crank,the inertia and friction of the four bar linkage. A diagnostic model and software was compiled,in which 13 typical electrical diagrams corresponding to different working conditions were considered. The results for case studies of 5 wells show that the average relative errors of the peak power in up and down strokes,the range of power and the average power between measured electrical diagrams and those calculated are 1. 74%,3. 89%,2. 96%,1. 74% respectively. The diagnosis results on the working conditions of 6 wells in an oilfield have shown the effectiveness and accuracy of the new method.
引文
[1]李虎君,张继芬,支连友.利用抽油机井实测功率曲线预测示功图[J].大庆石油地质与开发,1991,10(4):63-67.LI Hujun,ZHANG Jifen,ZHI Lianyou.Using the measured power curve of pumping unit well to predict indicator diagram[J].Petroleum Geology&Oilfield Development in Daqing,1991,10(4):63-67.
[2]李虎君,龙黔胜,李英,等.用实测功率曲线计算前置式抽油机井的示功图[J].石油矿场机械,1992,21(5):33-37.LI Hujun,LONG Qiansheng,LI Ying,et al.Using the measured power curve to calculate the indicator diagram of front mounted beam-pumping unit well[J].Oil Field Equipment,1992,21(5):33-37.
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[5]孙东.抽油机电参数远程智能故障诊断技术研究[J].自动化仪表,2012,33(5):22-24.SUN Dong.Research on the technology of remote intelligent fault diagnosis based on electrical parameters of pumping unit[J].Process Automation Instrumentation,2012,33(5):22-24.
[6]杜小平.抽油机机械系统真实运动规律的求解[J].石油机械,1994,22(11):34-39.DU Xiaoping.Calculating the real motion of pumping unit mechanical system[J].China Petroleum Machinery,1994,22(11):34-39.
[7]刘明尧,吴修德,汪建华.游梁式抽油机精确动力学分析的新方法[J].石油机械,1997,25(11):4-7.LIU Mingyao,WU Xiude,WANG Jianhua.A new method to accurate analysis dynamic of beam pumping unit[J].China Petroleum Machinery,1997,25(11):4-7.
[8]刘卓钧,李锡光,李文方.有杆抽油泵机械系统运动方程的数值解法[J].石油机械,1990,18(10):1-10.LIU Zhuojun,LI Xiguang,LI Wenfang.A numerical method for solving the motion equation of sucker rod pump mechanical system[J].China Petroleum Machinery,1990,18(10):1-10.
[9]蔺小林,蒋耀林.现代数值分析[M].北京:国防工业出版社,2004.
[10]SVINOS J G.Exact kinematic analysis of pumping units[R].SPE 12201-MS,1983.
[11]郑玉萍.抽油机井地面能耗分布理论与试验研究[D].大庆:大庆石油学院,2010.ZHENG Yuping.Theories and experiment research on energy distribution of pumping well[D].Daqing:Northeast Petroleum University,2010.
[12]张刚.电流法间接示功图测量方法研究[D].大庆:大庆石油学院,2009.ZHANG Gang.The study of dynamometer card's indirect measurement method[D].Daqing:Northeast Petroleum University,2009.
[13]陈磊.常见抽油机运动与动力分析、评价系统的研究[D].青岛:中国石油大学,2007.CHEN Lei.Study on kinematics and dynamic analysis and evaluation system of pumping units[D].Qingdao:China University of Petroleum,2007.
[14]谢雄.抽油机井系统动态实时分析[D].青岛:中国石油大学,2009.XIE Xiong.Research on real-time dynamic analysis of the system for pumping wells[D].Qingdao:China University of Petroleum,2009.
[2]李虎君,龙黔胜,李英,等.用实测功率曲线计算前置式抽油机井的示功图[J].石油矿场机械,1992,21(5):33-37.LI Hujun,LONG Qiansheng,LI Ying,et al.Using the measured power curve to calculate the indicator diagram of front mounted beam-pumping unit well[J].Oil Field Equipment,1992,21(5):33-37.
[3]冯国强,谢雄,韩岐清,等.抽油机井系统动态实时分析模型[J].中国石油大学学报(自然科学版),2010,34(4):84-88.FENG Guoqiang,XIE Xiong,HAN Qiqing,et al.Realtime analysis model of rod-pumped well system performance[J].Journal of China University of Petroleum(Edition of Natural Science),2010,34(4):84-88.
[4]柴满州.抽油机井电功率实时监控系统的开发[J].江汉石油学院学报,2003,25(3):120-121.CAI Manzhou.Electric power real-time monitoring system developing of pumping unit well[J].Journal of Jianghan Petroleum Institute,2003,25(3):120-121.
[5]孙东.抽油机电参数远程智能故障诊断技术研究[J].自动化仪表,2012,33(5):22-24.SUN Dong.Research on the technology of remote intelligent fault diagnosis based on electrical parameters of pumping unit[J].Process Automation Instrumentation,2012,33(5):22-24.
[6]杜小平.抽油机机械系统真实运动规律的求解[J].石油机械,1994,22(11):34-39.DU Xiaoping.Calculating the real motion of pumping unit mechanical system[J].China Petroleum Machinery,1994,22(11):34-39.
[7]刘明尧,吴修德,汪建华.游梁式抽油机精确动力学分析的新方法[J].石油机械,1997,25(11):4-7.LIU Mingyao,WU Xiude,WANG Jianhua.A new method to accurate analysis dynamic of beam pumping unit[J].China Petroleum Machinery,1997,25(11):4-7.
[8]刘卓钧,李锡光,李文方.有杆抽油泵机械系统运动方程的数值解法[J].石油机械,1990,18(10):1-10.LIU Zhuojun,LI Xiguang,LI Wenfang.A numerical method for solving the motion equation of sucker rod pump mechanical system[J].China Petroleum Machinery,1990,18(10):1-10.
[9]蔺小林,蒋耀林.现代数值分析[M].北京:国防工业出版社,2004.
[10]SVINOS J G.Exact kinematic analysis of pumping units[R].SPE 12201-MS,1983.
[11]郑玉萍.抽油机井地面能耗分布理论与试验研究[D].大庆:大庆石油学院,2010.ZHENG Yuping.Theories and experiment research on energy distribution of pumping well[D].Daqing:Northeast Petroleum University,2010.
[12]张刚.电流法间接示功图测量方法研究[D].大庆:大庆石油学院,2009.ZHANG Gang.The study of dynamometer card's indirect measurement method[D].Daqing:Northeast Petroleum University,2009.
[13]陈磊.常见抽油机运动与动力分析、评价系统的研究[D].青岛:中国石油大学,2007.CHEN Lei.Study on kinematics and dynamic analysis and evaluation system of pumping units[D].Qingdao:China University of Petroleum,2007.
[14]谢雄.抽油机井系统动态实时分析[D].青岛:中国石油大学,2009.XIE Xiong.Research on real-time dynamic analysis of the system for pumping wells[D].Qingdao:China University of Petroleum,2009.