商业模式创新驱动全球价值链攀升
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摘要
中共十九大报告指出,要促进中国产业迈向全球价值链中高端。互联网、云计算和大数据技术的普及运用,使得科技创新速度加快,企业边界变得模糊。这既是挑战,也为中国企业攀升全球价值链带来了新机遇。本文研究发现,全球价值链和商业模式包含的概念具有一一对应的关系,全球价值链实质上是一种广义的商业模式。商业模式创新是企业实现全球价值链升级的可行路径,而全球价值链升级就是广义的商业模式创新。对于生产者驱动的全球价值链,企业可以通过商业模式创新驱动技术升级、提升服务质量、构建价值网络、推进技术商业化来占据价值链高端;对于采购者驱动的全球价值链,企业可以从制定客户价值主张、调整赢利模式、优化关键流程入手提升企业竞争力,实现价值链攀升。中国企业可以商业模式创新为支点,加快提升国际竞争力,并成为全球价值链的主导者。
Report of the nineteenth national congress of the CPC pointed out that we should promote China's industry towards the high-end of Global Value Chain. Because of the popularity of Internet,cloud computing and big data technology,the pace of technological innovation is accelerating,and the boundaries of enterprises become blurred. Traditional business models have been subverted,and barriers to entry have been broken. This is not only a challenge,but also brings opportunities for Chinese enterprises to occupy the middle and high-end position in Global Value Chain. This study found that there's a one-to-one correspondence between the concepts of Global Value Chain theory and the business model theory. Global Value Chain is essentially a business model broadly. Business model innovation is a feasible path for enterprises to achieve upgrading in Global Value Chain,while Global Value Chain upgrading is a broad business model innovation. In addition to technological innovation,enterprises need to pay more attention to the exploration and innovation of business models in order to raise their position in Global Value Chain. As for the Producer-driven Global Value Chain,enterprises can enhance technical ability,improve the quality of service,build value networks,and promote technology commercialization by taking advantage of business model innovation to occupy the high-end position. As for the Buyer-driven Global Value Chain,enterprises can improve their competitiveness and realize the upgrading in Global Value Chain from developing customer value proposition,adjusting profit formula and optimizing key processes. With the innovation of business model as the fulcrum,enterprises can enhance international competitiveness and become the leading player in Global Value Chain.
Report of the nineteenth national congress of the CPC pointed out that we should promote China's industry towards the high-end of Global Value Chain. Because of the popularity of Internet,cloud computing and big data technology,the pace of technological innovation is accelerating,and the boundaries of enterprises become blurred. Traditional business models have been subverted,and barriers to entry have been broken. This is not only a challenge,but also brings opportunities for Chinese enterprises to occupy the middle and high-end position in Global Value Chain. This study found that there's a one-to-one correspondence between the concepts of Global Value Chain theory and the business model theory. Global Value Chain is essentially a business model broadly. Business model innovation is a feasible path for enterprises to achieve upgrading in Global Value Chain,while Global Value Chain upgrading is a broad business model innovation. In addition to technological innovation,enterprises need to pay more attention to the exploration and innovation of business models in order to raise their position in Global Value Chain. As for the Producer-driven Global Value Chain,enterprises can enhance technical ability,improve the quality of service,build value networks,and promote technology commercialization by taking advantage of business model innovation to occupy the high-end position. As for the Buyer-driven Global Value Chain,enterprises can improve their competitiveness and realize the upgrading in Global Value Chain from developing customer value proposition,adjusting profit formula and optimizing key processes. With the innovation of business model as the fulcrum,enterprises can enhance international competitiveness and become the leading player in Global Value Chain.
引文
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[8]吴勇志,张玲.新国际分工、全球价值链整合与中国企业国际化经营模式——以联想集团为例[J].现代经济探讨,2013(12).
[9]李文莲,夏健明.基于“大数据”的商业模式创新[J].中国工业经济,2013(5).
[10]原磊.商业模式体系重构[J].中国工业经济,2007(06).
[11]Schweizer,L.Concept and Evolution of Business Models[J].Journal of General Management,2005(2).
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[14]赵建国.高通的前世今生[EB/OL].http://ip.people.com.cn/n/2014/0307/c136655-24556044.html,2017-01-20.
[15]佚名.华为成功的秘密:技术商业化[J].现代商业,2014(25).
[16]董树生,刘迪平.基于目标消费者选择的商业模式创新——以沃尔玛为例[J].生产力研究,2006(3).
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[18]苏小慧.戴尔商业模式的价值实现过程[J].中国集体经济,2007(12).
(1)本文提出的业务延展、分拆和多环节协同创新等思想受到高闯、关鑫的基于价值链创新的企业商业模式分类思想的启发,详见高闯、关鑫《企业商业模式创新的实现方式与演进机理──一种基于价值链创新的理论解释》(《中国工业经济》2006年第11期)。
[2]Rappa,M.A.The Utility Business Model and Future of Computing Services[J].IBM Systems Journal,2004(1).
[3]Powell,T.C.Competitive Advantage:Logical and Philosophical Considerations[J].Strategic Management Journal,2001(9).
[4]Magali,D.,O.Alexander,and P.Yves.E-Business Model Design,Classification and Measurements[J].Thunderbird International Business Review,2002(1).
[5]Gereffi,G.,J.Humphrey,and T.Sturgeon.The Governance of Global Value Chains[J].Review of International Political Economy,2005(1).
[6]Humphrey,J.,and H.Schmitz.Governance and Upgrading:Linking Industrial Cluster and Global Value Chain Research[R].Institute of Development Studies,2000.
[7]吕洪涛.开放式创新环境下高新技术企业的商业模式研究[D].青岛:中国海洋大学,2009.
[8]吴勇志,张玲.新国际分工、全球价值链整合与中国企业国际化经营模式——以联想集团为例[J].现代经济探讨,2013(12).
[9]李文莲,夏健明.基于“大数据”的商业模式创新[J].中国工业经济,2013(5).
[10]原磊.商业模式体系重构[J].中国工业经济,2007(06).
[11]Schweizer,L.Concept and Evolution of Business Models[J].Journal of General Management,2005(2).
[12]李海舰,原磊.基于价值链层面的利润转移研究[J].中国工业经济,2005(6).
[13]曾楚宏,等.基于价值链理论的商业模式分类及其演化规律[J].财经科学,2008(6).
[14]赵建国.高通的前世今生[EB/OL].http://ip.people.com.cn/n/2014/0307/c136655-24556044.html,2017-01-20.
[15]佚名.华为成功的秘密:技术商业化[J].现代商业,2014(25).
[16]董树生,刘迪平.基于目标消费者选择的商业模式创新——以沃尔玛为例[J].生产力研究,2006(3).
[17]闫雷.沃尔玛:供应链遥控供应商[N].中国商报,2002-09-24.
[18]苏小慧.戴尔商业模式的价值实现过程[J].中国集体经济,2007(12).
(1)本文提出的业务延展、分拆和多环节协同创新等思想受到高闯、关鑫的基于价值链创新的企业商业模式分类思想的启发,详见高闯、关鑫《企业商业模式创新的实现方式与演进机理──一种基于价值链创新的理论解释》(《中国工业经济》2006年第11期)。