沉降罐用可更换牺牲阳极的研制与应用
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摘要
针对沉降罐用普通阳极现场更换程序繁琐等更换难题,设计研制出一种用于原油沉降罐内壁防腐的可更换牺牲阳极并配套以更换方法。可更换牺牲阳极由可更换单元、焊接铁脚、防腐扣盒等组成,牺牲阳极材料选用铝-锌-铟系合金。对2 000 m~3沉降罐罐壁内部高度4 m以下区域和罐底内部进行保护设计,设计寿命8～10 a,最小保护电位-0. 85 V,共需62支阳极。首次使用时,需进行焊接安装,更换时,只需拆卸螺栓即可进行,无需动电动火,可有效减轻常规牺牲阳极更换作业带来的工作强度,减少安全隐患。该研究对于管线、船舶等处的牺牲阳极更换作业具有一定借鉴意义。
In order to solve the problem of replacement of common anodes used in settling tanks,a replaceable sacrificial anode for corrosion protection of the inner wall of crude oil settling tanks was designed and developed. The replaceable sacrificial anode consists of a replaceable unit,a welded iron foot,a corrosion-proof buckle box,etc. The material of sacrificial anode is an aluminum-zinc-indium alloy.The protection is applied to 4 m below inner wall of the 2 000 m~3 settlement tank and the tank bottom floor,with the design life of 8 to 10 a,the minimum protection potential of-0. 85 V,a total of 62 anodes. When used for the first time,it needs to be installed by welding and it can be replaced by removing the bolts without electricity and fire,which can effectively reduce the work intensity and safety hazards caused by the conventional sacrificial anode replacement work. The research has certain reference significance for the replacement of sacrificial anodes in pipelines and ships.
In order to solve the problem of replacement of common anodes used in settling tanks,a replaceable sacrificial anode for corrosion protection of the inner wall of crude oil settling tanks was designed and developed. The replaceable sacrificial anode consists of a replaceable unit,a welded iron foot,a corrosion-proof buckle box,etc. The material of sacrificial anode is an aluminum-zinc-indium alloy.The protection is applied to 4 m below inner wall of the 2 000 m~3 settlement tank and the tank bottom floor,with the design life of 8 to 10 a,the minimum protection potential of-0. 85 V,a total of 62 anodes. When used for the first time,it needs to be installed by welding and it can be replaced by removing the bolts without electricity and fire,which can effectively reduce the work intensity and safety hazards caused by the conventional sacrificial anode replacement work. The research has certain reference significance for the replacement of sacrificial anodes in pipelines and ships.
引文
[1]李岩,杨锋.储罐加热盘管防腐改进研究[J].长江大学学报:自然科学版,2011,8(7):49-50.Li Yan,Yang Feng. Improvement of Anti-Corrosion of Storage Tank Heating Coils[J]. Journal of Yangtze University:Natural Science Edition,2011,8(7):49-50.
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[3]吕昌智.油气管道阴极保护常见问题分析[J].中国石油和化工标准与质量,2014,34(22):30.Lv Changzhi. Common Problems Analysis of Cathodic Protection of Oil-Gas Pipeline[J]. China Petroleum and Chemical Standard and Quality,2014,34(22):30.
[4]汤亨强,吴浩.热水器内胆焊缝热影响区缺陷分析[J].电焊机,2017,47(5):129-132.Tang Hengqiang, Wu Hao. Study on the Defect of Heat Affected Zone of Welds on Water Heater Tank[J]. Electric Welding Machine,2017,47(5):129-132.
[5]李立英,王勇,黎超文,等.焊接热循环对ASTM 4130钢热影响区组织及韧性影响[J].材料热处理学报,2011,32(1):56-60.Li Liying,Wang Yong,Li Chaowen,et al. Effect of Welding Thermal Cycle on Microstructure and Toughness of Heataffected Zone of ASTM 4130 Steel[J]. Transactions of Materials and Heat Treatment,2011,32(1):56-60.
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[7]钟晨,杨青,迟少艳.半潜船可拆卸式浮箱连接螺栓强度计算方法研究[J].船舶与海洋工程,2014,(2):20-23.Zhong Chen, Yang Qing, Chi Shaoyan. Study on the Calculation Method of Connection Bolt Strength of Semisubmersible Vessel Removable Pontoons[J]. Naval Architechture and Ocean Engineering,2014,(2):20-23.
[8]张岩.原油电脱水技术研究[J].石化技术,2015,22(12):13.Zhang Yan. Research of Electric Dehydration of Crude Oil[J]. Petrochemical Industry Technology, 2015, 22(12):13.
[9]方新磊,李定龙,李习伟,等.油田回注水水质波动原因分析及改进措施[J].安全与环境工程,2015,22(6):42-46.Fang Xinlei,Li Dinglong,Li Xiwei,et al. Analysis on the Causes of Water Quality Fluctuations of Oil Field Reinjection Water and Improvement Measures[J]. Safety and Environmental Engineering,2015,22(6):42-46.
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[11]任志鹏,王小琳,祁越,等.安塞油田长6采出水中悬浮物固体颗粒的研究[J].延安大学学报:自然科学版,2016,35(3):87-90.Ren Zhipeng,Wang Xiaolin,Qi Yue,et al. Research of Suspended Solids in Oilfield Produced Water[J]. Journal of Yanan University:Natural Science Edition,2016,35(3):87-90.
[12]张兵,罗锋,周雪静.电脱水(脱盐)器电极板采用镀锌防腐工艺的商榷[J].油气田地面工程,2015,34(9):101-102.Zhang Bing, Luo Feng, Zhou Xuejing. Uncertainty on Electrostatic Grids Galvanizing of Electrostatic Treaters for Anti-Corrosion[J]. Oil-Gas Field Surface Engineering,2015,34(9):101-102.
[13]王增娣,闫永贵,马力,等.高纯锌参比电极电位稳定性研究[J].腐蚀与防护,2006,27(9):450-453.Wang Zengdi,Yan Yonggui,Ma Li,et al. Potential Stability of 99. 9999%High Purity Zinc Reference Electrode[J].Corrosion&Protection,2006,27(9):450-453.
[14]彭博,杨春玉,姚鹏程,等.管道内阴极保护防腐措施探究[J].全面腐蚀控制,2017,31(10):63-66.Peng Bo,Yang Chunyu,Yao Pengcheng,et al. Cathodic Protection Technology for Pipeline Inner Wall[J]. Total Corrosion Control,2017,31(10):63-66.
[15]江汉石油管理局勘察设计研究院.原油处理容器内部阴极保护系统技术规范:SY/T 0047-2012[S].北京:石油工业出版社,2012.Investigation,Design and Research Institute of Jianghan Petroleum Administration Bureau. Technical Specification of Internal Cathodic Protection System in Oil-treating Vessles:SY/T 0047-2012[S]. Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2012.
[16]全国海洋船标准化技术委员会.铝-锌-铟系合金牺牲阳极化学分析方法:GB/T 4949-2018[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2018.SAC/TC 12. Chemical Analysis Methods for Sacrificial Anodes of Al-Zn-In System Alloy:GB/T 4949-2018[S].Beijing:Standards Press of China,2018.
[17]全国海洋船标准化技术委员会船用材料分技术委员会.铝-锌-铟系合金牺牲阳极:GB/T 4948-2002[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2003.SAC/TC 12/SC 4. Sacrificial Anode of Al-Zn-In Series Alloy:GB/T 4948-2002[S]. Beijing:Standards Press of China,2003.
[18]中国船舶工业总公司洛阳船舶材料研究所.牺牲阳极电化学性能试验方法:GB/T 17848-1999[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2000.Luoyang Ship Material Research Institute of CSSC. Test Methods for Electrochemical Properties of Sacrificial Anodes:GB/T 17848-1999[S]. Beijing:Standards Press of China,2000.
[19]李福军,陈月勋,李晓川,等.油水井套管的腐蚀及防护理论、实验与应用-油水井套管的腐蚀与防护[J].大庆石油学院学报,2004,28(2):110-112.Li Fujun, Chen Yuexun, Li Xiaochuan, et al. Theory,Experiment and Application of Corrosion and Protection of Oil and Water Well Casing:Corrosion and Protection of Oil and Water Well Casing[J]. Journal of Daqing Petroleum Institute,2004,28(2):110-112.
[20]张西明,李军,张新发,等.长庆油田小套管的腐蚀与防护[J].腐蚀科学与防护技术,2004,16(1):59-61.Zhang Ximing,Li Jun,Zhang Xinfa,et al. Corrosion and Protection of Small-Casings in Changqing Oil Field[J].Corrosion Science and Protection Technology, 2004, 16(1):59-61.
[21]黄金营,魏慧芳.油井腐蚀因素探讨[J].湖北化工,2003,20(2):41-42.Huang Jinying, Wei Huifang. Discussion on Corrosion Factors of Oil Wells[J]. Hubei Chemical Industry,2003,20(2):41-42.
[22]张卫涛.油气管道阴极保护中IR降的测量及修正[D].西安:西安石油大学,2015.Zhang Weitao. Measurement and Correction for IR Drop of Cathodic Protection of Oil and Gas Pipelines[D]. Xi’an:Xi’an Shiyou University,2015.
[23]于清峻.探析金属材料焊接成型中的主要缺陷及控制措施[J].科技创新与应用,2013,(11):82.Yu Qingjun. Discussion on the Main Defects and Control Measures in the Welding of Metal Materials[J]. Technology Innovation and Application,2013,(11):82.
[2]蒋金生.油气管道阴极保护常见问题分析[J].油气田地面工程,2010,29(9):73-74.Jiang Jinsheng. Common Problems Analysis of Cathodic Protection of Oil-Gas Pipeline[J]. Oil-Gasfield Surface Engineering,2010,29(9):73-74.
[3]吕昌智.油气管道阴极保护常见问题分析[J].中国石油和化工标准与质量,2014,34(22):30.Lv Changzhi. Common Problems Analysis of Cathodic Protection of Oil-Gas Pipeline[J]. China Petroleum and Chemical Standard and Quality,2014,34(22):30.
[4]汤亨强,吴浩.热水器内胆焊缝热影响区缺陷分析[J].电焊机,2017,47(5):129-132.Tang Hengqiang, Wu Hao. Study on the Defect of Heat Affected Zone of Welds on Water Heater Tank[J]. Electric Welding Machine,2017,47(5):129-132.
[5]李立英,王勇,黎超文,等.焊接热循环对ASTM 4130钢热影响区组织及韧性影响[J].材料热处理学报,2011,32(1):56-60.Li Liying,Wang Yong,Li Chaowen,et al. Effect of Welding Thermal Cycle on Microstructure and Toughness of Heataffected Zone of ASTM 4130 Steel[J]. Transactions of Materials and Heat Treatment,2011,32(1):56-60.
[6]张新发,李养池,郭亮,等.一种可更换牺牲阳极和更换方法:201410314977. 0[P].2017-03-15.Zhang Xinfa,Li Yangchi,Guo Liang,et al. A Replaceable Sacrificial Anode and Replacement Method:201410314977. 0[P]. 2017-03-15.
[7]钟晨,杨青,迟少艳.半潜船可拆卸式浮箱连接螺栓强度计算方法研究[J].船舶与海洋工程,2014,(2):20-23.Zhong Chen, Yang Qing, Chi Shaoyan. Study on the Calculation Method of Connection Bolt Strength of Semisubmersible Vessel Removable Pontoons[J]. Naval Architechture and Ocean Engineering,2014,(2):20-23.
[8]张岩.原油电脱水技术研究[J].石化技术,2015,22(12):13.Zhang Yan. Research of Electric Dehydration of Crude Oil[J]. Petrochemical Industry Technology, 2015, 22(12):13.
[9]方新磊,李定龙,李习伟,等.油田回注水水质波动原因分析及改进措施[J].安全与环境工程,2015,22(6):42-46.Fang Xinlei,Li Dinglong,Li Xiwei,et al. Analysis on the Causes of Water Quality Fluctuations of Oil Field Reinjection Water and Improvement Measures[J]. Safety and Environmental Engineering,2015,22(6):42-46.
[10]李莹,金华,王心刚,等.大港油田滩海地区注入水水质指标体系研究[J].油气田地面工程,2012,31(11):25-26.Li Ying,Jin Hua,Wang Xingang,et al. Study on Water Injection Quality Index System in Neritic Area of Dagang Oilfield[J]. Oil-Gas Field Surface Engineering,2012,31(11):25-26.
[11]任志鹏,王小琳,祁越,等.安塞油田长6采出水中悬浮物固体颗粒的研究[J].延安大学学报:自然科学版,2016,35(3):87-90.Ren Zhipeng,Wang Xiaolin,Qi Yue,et al. Research of Suspended Solids in Oilfield Produced Water[J]. Journal of Yanan University:Natural Science Edition,2016,35(3):87-90.
[12]张兵,罗锋,周雪静.电脱水(脱盐)器电极板采用镀锌防腐工艺的商榷[J].油气田地面工程,2015,34(9):101-102.Zhang Bing, Luo Feng, Zhou Xuejing. Uncertainty on Electrostatic Grids Galvanizing of Electrostatic Treaters for Anti-Corrosion[J]. Oil-Gas Field Surface Engineering,2015,34(9):101-102.
[13]王增娣,闫永贵,马力,等.高纯锌参比电极电位稳定性研究[J].腐蚀与防护,2006,27(9):450-453.Wang Zengdi,Yan Yonggui,Ma Li,et al. Potential Stability of 99. 9999%High Purity Zinc Reference Electrode[J].Corrosion&Protection,2006,27(9):450-453.
[14]彭博,杨春玉,姚鹏程,等.管道内阴极保护防腐措施探究[J].全面腐蚀控制,2017,31(10):63-66.Peng Bo,Yang Chunyu,Yao Pengcheng,et al. Cathodic Protection Technology for Pipeline Inner Wall[J]. Total Corrosion Control,2017,31(10):63-66.
[15]江汉石油管理局勘察设计研究院.原油处理容器内部阴极保护系统技术规范:SY/T 0047-2012[S].北京:石油工业出版社,2012.Investigation,Design and Research Institute of Jianghan Petroleum Administration Bureau. Technical Specification of Internal Cathodic Protection System in Oil-treating Vessles:SY/T 0047-2012[S]. Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2012.
[16]全国海洋船标准化技术委员会.铝-锌-铟系合金牺牲阳极化学分析方法:GB/T 4949-2018[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2018.SAC/TC 12. Chemical Analysis Methods for Sacrificial Anodes of Al-Zn-In System Alloy:GB/T 4949-2018[S].Beijing:Standards Press of China,2018.
[17]全国海洋船标准化技术委员会船用材料分技术委员会.铝-锌-铟系合金牺牲阳极:GB/T 4948-2002[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2003.SAC/TC 12/SC 4. Sacrificial Anode of Al-Zn-In Series Alloy:GB/T 4948-2002[S]. Beijing:Standards Press of China,2003.
[18]中国船舶工业总公司洛阳船舶材料研究所.牺牲阳极电化学性能试验方法:GB/T 17848-1999[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2000.Luoyang Ship Material Research Institute of CSSC. Test Methods for Electrochemical Properties of Sacrificial Anodes:GB/T 17848-1999[S]. Beijing:Standards Press of China,2000.
[19]李福军,陈月勋,李晓川,等.油水井套管的腐蚀及防护理论、实验与应用-油水井套管的腐蚀与防护[J].大庆石油学院学报,2004,28(2):110-112.Li Fujun, Chen Yuexun, Li Xiaochuan, et al. Theory,Experiment and Application of Corrosion and Protection of Oil and Water Well Casing:Corrosion and Protection of Oil and Water Well Casing[J]. Journal of Daqing Petroleum Institute,2004,28(2):110-112.
[20]张西明,李军,张新发,等.长庆油田小套管的腐蚀与防护[J].腐蚀科学与防护技术,2004,16(1):59-61.Zhang Ximing,Li Jun,Zhang Xinfa,et al. Corrosion and Protection of Small-Casings in Changqing Oil Field[J].Corrosion Science and Protection Technology, 2004, 16(1):59-61.
[21]黄金营,魏慧芳.油井腐蚀因素探讨[J].湖北化工,2003,20(2):41-42.Huang Jinying, Wei Huifang. Discussion on Corrosion Factors of Oil Wells[J]. Hubei Chemical Industry,2003,20(2):41-42.
[22]张卫涛.油气管道阴极保护中IR降的测量及修正[D].西安:西安石油大学,2015.Zhang Weitao. Measurement and Correction for IR Drop of Cathodic Protection of Oil and Gas Pipelines[D]. Xi’an:Xi’an Shiyou University,2015.
[23]于清峻.探析金属材料焊接成型中的主要缺陷及控制措施[J].科技创新与应用,2013,(11):82.Yu Qingjun. Discussion on the Main Defects and Control Measures in the Welding of Metal Materials[J]. Technology Innovation and Application,2013,(11):82.