长江沙市河段近期河道演变分析
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摘要
沙市河段是上荆江河势较为复杂的河段之一,也是航道治理的重点河段之一。根据三峡水库蓄水以来沙市河段实测地形资料以及沙市水文站的实测水文资料,从来水来沙、深泓平面、洲滩、深槽以及横断面变化等方面系统分析了沙市河段的近期河道演变特性。结果表明:(1)三峡水库蓄水后,沙市河段整体呈现冲刷的趋势,深泓平面摆动集中在分汊段,沿程洲滩冲刷萎缩,横断面冲淤时有发生,20 m深槽冲刷发展,接近贯通。(2)受到沿程护岸工程以及洲滩守护工程等的影响,该河段总体河势基本稳定,但局部河段内仍会有所调整。(3)河段尚未达到冲淤平衡,未来一段时间内,河段仍将以冲刷为主,若无人工干预,滩槽演变趋势将延续近期的变化,由此对防洪、航运等方面带来的影响值得关注。
Shashi reach is one of the most complex reaches in the upper Jingjiang River,and one of the key river reaches need to be regulated. According to the measured topographical data of Shashi reach and hydrological data of Shashi station since the impoundment of Three Gorge reservoir,its channel evolution characteristics were analyzed from the aspects of incoming flow and sediment,thalweg variation,sandbar,deep channel and cross section. The results are as follows:(1) After the reservoir impoundment,Shashi reach tends to be scoured in general,the plane swinging of thalweg occurs mostly in the river branch. Sandbars in the river are scoured and shrink in size. Scouring and silting occur occasionally at cross sections. A twenty-meter deep channel is being scoured and about to be through.(2) Affected by revetment project and sandbar protection project,the river regime of Shashi reach stabilized,but some reaches will still be subjected to adjustments.(3) Shashi reach has not reached a balance between scouring and deposition,and will continue being dominated by scouring in the near future; Without human interference,sandbar variations will follow a similar trend,and its impacts on flood control and navigation are worthy of attention.
Shashi reach is one of the most complex reaches in the upper Jingjiang River,and one of the key river reaches need to be regulated. According to the measured topographical data of Shashi reach and hydrological data of Shashi station since the impoundment of Three Gorge reservoir,its channel evolution characteristics were analyzed from the aspects of incoming flow and sediment,thalweg variation,sandbar,deep channel and cross section. The results are as follows:(1) After the reservoir impoundment,Shashi reach tends to be scoured in general,the plane swinging of thalweg occurs mostly in the river branch. Sandbars in the river are scoured and shrink in size. Scouring and silting occur occasionally at cross sections. A twenty-meter deep channel is being scoured and about to be through.(2) Affected by revetment project and sandbar protection project,the river regime of Shashi reach stabilized,but some reaches will still be subjected to adjustments.(3) Shashi reach has not reached a balance between scouring and deposition,and will continue being dominated by scouring in the near future; Without human interference,sandbar variations will follow a similar trend,and its impacts on flood control and navigation are worthy of attention.
引文
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[19]熊超,彭玉明,郭焕林.三峡水库蓄水后宜昌至沙市河段冲淤变化分析[J].人民长江,2010,41(14):28-31.
[20]水利部长江水利委员会.长江泥沙公报2016[M].武汉:长江出版社,2016.
[2]杨传堂.加快建设长江黄金水道为长江经济带提供强力支撑[J].全球化,2014(8):5-12.
[3]许全喜,朱玲玲,袁晶.长江中下游水沙与河床冲淤变化特性研究[J].人民长江,2013,44(23):16-21.
[4]朱玲玲,张为,葛华.三峡水库蓄水后荆江典型分汊河段演变机理及发展趋势研究[J].水力发电学报,2011(5):106-113.
[5]朱丽江,宁磊,张黎明.三峡工程建成前后长江中下游防洪形势变化分析[J].人民长江,2011,42(1):1-3.
[6]潘庆燊,胡向阳.长江荆江河道整治60年回顾[J].人民长江,2015,46(7):1-6.
[7]江凌,李义天,孙昭华,等.三峡工程蓄水后荆江沙质河段河床演变及对航道的影响[J].应用基础与工程科学学报,2010(1):1-10.
[8]朱玲玲,葛华,李义天,等.三峡水库蓄水后长江中游分汊河道演变机理及趋势[J].应用基础与工程科学学报,2015(2):246-258.
[9]姚仕明,卢金友.长江中下游河道演变规律及冲淤预测[J].人民长江,2013,44(23):22-28.
[10]石建华,李宁波,袁虎,等.三峡水库蓄水后下荆江险工段近岸河床演变分析[J].人民长江,2013,44(1):18-21.
[11]卢金友,朱勇辉,岳红艳,等.长江中下游崩岸治理与河道整治技术[J].水利水电快报,2017,38(11):6-14.
[12]朱玲玲,许全喜,戴明龙.荆江三口分流变化及三峡水库蓄水影响[J].水科学进展,2016(6):822-831.
[13]郭小虎,李义天,渠庚,等.三峡工程蓄水后长江中游泥沙输移规律分析[J].泥沙研究,2014(5):11-17.
[14]石建华,吕金林,徐梅珍.荆江沙市河段河道演变趋势分析[J].水利水电快报,2012(10):24-26.
[15]朱勇辉,黄莉,郭小虎,等.三峡工程运用后长江中游沙市河段演变与治理思路[J].泥沙研究,2016(3):31-37.
[16]汪飞,李义天,刘亚,等.三峡水库蓄水前后沙市河段滩群演变特性分析[J].泥沙研究,2015(4):1-6.
[17]余蕾,王加虎,邹志科,等.上荆江沙市河段河床横断面形态的调整规律[J].河海大学学报:自然科学版,2016(6):544-549.
[18]江凌,李义天,张为.长江中游沙市河段演变趋势探析[J].泥沙研究,2006(3):76-81.
[19]熊超,彭玉明,郭焕林.三峡水库蓄水后宜昌至沙市河段冲淤变化分析[J].人民长江,2010,41(14):28-31.
[20]水利部长江水利委员会.长江泥沙公报2016[M].武汉:长江出版社,2016.