行政韧性之探析
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摘要
20世纪末,为了应对全球化和多元化趋势,西方学者将韧性一词引入公共管理领域,行政韧性成为公共管理领域讨论的热门话题之一。本文在梳理既有相关研究成果的基础上,勾勒了韧性概念的起源及其发展脉络,阐释了行政韧性的内涵与特征,探索了提升行政韧性的可行路径。据此,行政韧性系指行政系统面对突发干扰所具有的抵御压力、调整恢复、重建秩序的能力,它有助于增强行政系统的活力和生命力。
In the late 20 th century, western scholars introduced the concept of resilience into public administration area.It became one of the main topics, which was used to dealing with globalization and diversification. On the basis of teasing out the existing relevant research results, this paper outlines the origin and development of the concept of resilience, explains its connotation and characteristics, and explores the feasible path to enhance administrative resilience. The authors believe that administrative resilience refers to the administrative system's ability to resist disturbance, adjust and restore order in the face of sudden interference. And it also helps to enhance the vitality of administrative system.
In the late 20 th century, western scholars introduced the concept of resilience into public administration area.It became one of the main topics, which was used to dealing with globalization and diversification. On the basis of teasing out the existing relevant research results, this paper outlines the origin and development of the concept of resilience, explains its connotation and characteristics, and explores the feasible path to enhance administrative resilience. The authors believe that administrative resilience refers to the administrative system's ability to resist disturbance, adjust and restore order in the face of sudden interference. And it also helps to enhance the vitality of administrative system.
引文
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[16]Kendra J M,Wachtendorf T.Elements of Resilience after the World Trade Center Disaster:Reconstituting New York City’s Emergency Operations Centre.Disasters,2003(27).
[17]Wildavsky,A.Searching for Safety,New Brunswick,NJ:Transaction Books,1988.
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[21]Kim H,Marcouiller D W.Natural Disaster Response,Community Resilience,and Economic Capacity:A Case Study of Coastal Florida.Society&Natural Resources,2016(29).
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[2]Walker J,Cooper M.Genealogies of Resilience:From Systems Ecology to the Political Economy of Crisis Adaptation.Security Dialogue,2011(42).
[3]McAslan A.The Concept of Resilience:Understanding Its Origins,Meaning and Utility.Adelaide:Torrens Resilience Institute Foundation Papers,2010.pp1-13.
[4]Holling C S.Resilience and Stability of Ecological Systems.Annual Review of Ecology&Systematics,1973(4).
[5]Yates,Tuppett M,F.A.Tyrell,and A.S.Masten.Resilience Theory and the Practice of Positive Psychology From Individuals to Societies.Positive Psychology in Practice:Promoting Human Flourishing in Work,Health,Education,and Everyday Life,Second Edition.John Wiley&Sons,Inc,2015.p773-788.
[6]Hamel G,V?likangas L.The Quest for Resilience.Harv Bus Rev,2003(81).
[7]Tveiten C K,Albrechtsen E,W?r?I,et al.Building Resilience into Emergency Management.Safety Science,2012(50).
[8]Koliou M,Lindt J W V D,Mcallister T P,et al.State of the Research in Community Resilience:Progress and Challenges.Sustainable and Resilient Infrastructure,2018(1).
[9]Ainuddin S,Routray J K.Community Resilience Framework for an Earthquake Prone Area in Baluchistan.International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction,2012(2).
[10][22]Haase T W.Education,Administrative Resilience:Evaluating The Adaptive Capacity Of Administrative Systems That Operate In Dynamic And Uncertain Conditions.The United States:University of Pittsburgh,2010.
[11]IPCC.Climate Change 2007:Synthesis Report.Contribution of Working Groups I,II and III to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change[Core Writing Team,Pachauri,R.K and Reisinger,A.(eds.)].IPCC,Geneva,Switzerland,https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/2018/02/ar4_syr_full_report.pdf.
[12]汪辉,徐蕴雪,卢思琪等.恢复力、弹性或韧性?--社会-生态系统及其相关研究领域中“Resilience”一词翻译之辨析[J].国际城市规划,2017(4).
[13]Ostrom E.Understanding Institutional Diversity.Comparative Economic Studies,2005(49).
[14]Doorn N.Resilience Indicators:Opportunities for Including Distributive Justice Concerns in Disaster Management.Journal of Risk Research,2017(20).
[15]Bec A,Moyle C L J,Moyle B D.Community Resilience to Change:Development of an Index.Social Indicators Research,2018:1-26.
[16]Kendra J M,Wachtendorf T.Elements of Resilience after the World Trade Center Disaster:Reconstituting New York City’s Emergency Operations Centre.Disasters,2003(27).
[17]Wildavsky,A.Searching for Safety,New Brunswick,NJ:Transaction Books,1988.
[18]Sullivantaylor B,Wilson D C.Managing the Threat of Terrorism in British Travel and Leisure Organizations.Organization Studies,2009(30).
[19]World Resources Institute(WRI)in Collaboration with United Nations Development Programme,United Nations Environment Programme,and World Bank.World Resources 2008:Roots of ResilienceGrowing the Wealth of the Poor.Washington,DC:WRI.2008.http://120.52.51.18/www-wds.worldbank.org/servlet/WDSContentServer/IW3P/IB/2009/04/28/000334955_20090428032950/Rendered/PDF/482900PUB0worl10Box338893B01PUBLIC1.pdf.
[20]Joseph,Jonathan.Resilience as Embedded Neoliberalism:a Governmentality Approach.Resilience,2013(1).
[21]Kim H,Marcouiller D W.Natural Disaster Response,Community Resilience,and Economic Capacity:A Case Study of Coastal Florida.Society&Natural Resources,2016(29).
[23]Milley P,Jiwani F.The Second World Congress on Resilience:From Person to Society.Resilience and Public Administration:Implications for the“New Political Governance”in Canada.Medimond,2014.pp803-808.
[24]Lengnick-Hall C A,Beck T E,Lengnick-Hall M L.Developing a Capacity for Organizational Resilience Through Strategic Human Resource Management.Human Resource Management Review,2011(21).