计及输电网络时空风险的动态电价模型
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摘要
开展大用户直购电能够激发电力市场的潜力,是中国电力市场化改革的突破口,其中的输电定价方法是影响电力市场发展的关键因素。已有的输配电价年度成本核算方法不能灵活反映用户选择不同购电对象、不同用电方式对输电成本的影响。为此提出基于输电网络时空风险因素的大用户直购电动态电价模型,用以反映用户从不同电源点购电以及不同时间段用电带来的输电成本的变化。将输电成本分解为反映输电网络受气象环境时空变化特征的故障风险成本和不随时空关系变化的固定成本两类,由此确定按月计算的动态电价核定方法。通过构建动态电价模型可以引导用户根据自身特点选择低风险月份多用电、高风险月份少用电的用电模式,降低电网高风险时间段的输电压力,提高电网可靠性。算例给出了大用户从不同空间位置的电厂以及在不同月份购电的风险成本及价格差异,验证了所提模型的有效性和实用性,可为政府核定输配电电价提供借鉴。
Carrying out the direct power purchase for large users can stimulate the power market potential, which is the breakthrough of China's power market-oriented reform. The electricity pricing method is a key factor affecting the development of power market. The existing annual cost accounting method of the power transmission and distribution cannot reflect the influence on transmission cost when users choose different power stations to purchase electricity and use it in different time periods. This paper proposes dynamic electricity price model based on time-space risk factors for the direct power purchase of large users to reflect the situation of different risk because of the atmosphere and environment in which power grid encountered. The power transmission and distribution costs will be decomposed into two categories, thus to determine the monthly calculation of dynamic electricity price method. By constructing a dynamic electricity price model, users can select the low-risk month of multi-power consumption according to their own characteristics and reduce the transmission pressure of the high-risk period of the power grid to improve grid reliability. The calculation results show that the model is effective and practical, and it can be used to provide reference for estimating the price of power transmission and distribution for government.
Carrying out the direct power purchase for large users can stimulate the power market potential, which is the breakthrough of China's power market-oriented reform. The electricity pricing method is a key factor affecting the development of power market. The existing annual cost accounting method of the power transmission and distribution cannot reflect the influence on transmission cost when users choose different power stations to purchase electricity and use it in different time periods. This paper proposes dynamic electricity price model based on time-space risk factors for the direct power purchase of large users to reflect the situation of different risk because of the atmosphere and environment in which power grid encountered. The power transmission and distribution costs will be decomposed into two categories, thus to determine the monthly calculation of dynamic electricity price method. By constructing a dynamic electricity price model, users can select the low-risk month of multi-power consumption according to their own characteristics and reduce the transmission pressure of the high-risk period of the power grid to improve grid reliability. The calculation results show that the model is effective and practical, and it can be used to provide reference for estimating the price of power transmission and distribution for government.
引文
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[2]傅书逷,张锐,王海宁.输电费的计算与分摊[J].电力系统自动化,2004,28(3):5-9.FU Shuti,ZHANG Rui,WANG Haining.Computation and allocation of transmission charges[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2004,28(3):5-9.
[3]于尔铿,韩放,谢开,等.电力市场[M].北京:中国电力出版社,1998.
[4]夏清,孙正远.基于最佳供需匹配及“MW-Mile”的输电定价方法[J].电力系统自动化,2005,29(24):9-14.XIA Qing,SUN Zhengyuan.New transmission pricing method based on optimal supply-demand match and MW-Mile[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2005,29(24):9-14.
[5]SHIRMOHAMMADI D,GRIBIK P R,LAW E T K,et al.Evaluation of transmission network capacity use for wheeling transactions[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,1989,4(4):1405-1413.
[6]华栋,王玮,张平.输电服务的定价模式及方法[J].武汉水利电力大学学报,2000,20(3):43-46.HUA Dong,WANG Wei,ZHANG Ping.Pricing model and method of transmission service[J].Journal of Wuhan University of Hydraulic and Electric Engineering,2000,20(3):43-46.
[7]刘林.基于长期微增成本方法的输电定价研究[D].广州:华南理工大学,2012.LIU Lin.Research on transmission pricing based on long-run incremental cost method[D].Guangzhou:South China University of Technology,2012.
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[9]蔡兴国,刘玉军.边际成本法在输电定价中的应用[J].电力系统自动化,2000,24(6):21-24.CAI Xingguo,LIU Yujun.Application of marginal cost method to transmission pricing[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2000,24(6):21-24.
[10]BIALEK J.Tracing the flow of electricity[J].IEEEProceedings on Generation Transmission and Distribution,1996,143(4):313-320.
[11]KIRSCHEN D,ALLAN R,STRBAC G.Contributions of individual generators to load sand flows[J].IEEETransactions on Power Systems,1997,12(1):52-60.
[12]王绵斌,谭忠富,乞建勋,等.中国电力市场环境下两部制输电价传递模型[J].电网技术,2008,32(15):77-79.WANG Mianbin,TAN Zhongfu,QI Jianxun,et al.Atransfer model of two-part transmission and distribution price under electricity market in China[J].Power System Technology,2008,32(15):77-79.
[13]杨盛骅.分电压等级输电定价的机理与方法[D].杭州:浙江大学,2016.YANG Shenghua.The mechanism and method of power transmission and distribution pricing based on subvoltage[D].Hangzhou:Zhejiang University,2016.
[14]TSUKAMOTO Y,IYODA I.Allocation of fixed transmission cost to wheeling transactions by cooperative game theory[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,1996,11(2):620-627.
[15]LI Y Z,DAVID A K.Wheeling rates of reactive flow under marginal cost theory[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,1995,10(3):1263-1269.
[16]朱文昊,谢品杰.基于CVaR的峰谷分时电价对供电公司购电组合策略影响分析[J].电力系统保护与控制,2015,43(14):16-21.ZHU Wenhao,XIE Pinjie.Influence analysis of CvaRmodel based TOU electricity price on portfolio strategy[J].Power System Protection and Control,2015,43(14):16-21.
[17]黄海涛,吴洁晶,顾丹珍,等.计及负荷率分档的峰谷分时电价定价模型[J].电力系统保护与控制,2016,44(14):122-129.HUANG Haitao,WU Jiejing,GU Danzhen,et al.Pricing model of time-of-use electricity tariff considering customers classified by load factor[J].Power System Protection and Control,2016,44(14):122-129.
[18]CATTUMAN P A,BIALEK J W,ABI-SAMRA M.Electricity tracing and co-operative game theory[C]//13th PSCC in Trondheim,1999:238-243.
[19]韩勇,田闻旭,谭忠富.基于长期边际成本的不同电压等级输电价定价模型及其应用[J].电网技术,2011,35(7):175-180.HAN Yong,TIAN Wenxu,TAN Zhongfu.A long-term marginal cost based transmission and distribution pricing model for power transmission and distribution in various voltage classes and its application[J].Power System Technology,2011,35(7):175-180.
[20]徐永丰,吴洁晶,黄海涛,等.考虑负荷率的峰谷分时电价模型[J].电力系统保护与控制,2015,43(23):96-103.XU Yongfeng,WU Jiejing,HUANG Haitao,et al.Timeof-use tariff model considering load factor[J].Power System Protection and Control,2015,43(23):96-103.
[21]陈丽娟,李霞.2011年全国输变电设施可靠性分析[J].中国电力,2012,45(7):89-93.CHEN Lijuan,LI Xia.Statistic analysis on reliability of power transmission and transformation facilities in China in 2011[J].Electric Power,2012,45(7):89-93.
[22]陈丽娟,胡小正.2010年全国输变电设施可靠性分析[J].中国电力,2011,44(6):71-77.CHEN Lijuan,HU Xiaozheng.Statistic analysis on reliability of power transmission and transformation facilities in China in 2010[J].Electric Power,2011,44(6):71-77.
[23]王建,熊小伏,李哲,等.气象环境相关的输电线路故障时间分布特征及模拟[J].电力自动化设备,2016,36(3):109-114.WANG Jian,XIONG Xiaofu,LI Zhe,et al.Time distribution of weather-related transmission line failure and its fitting[J].Electric Power Automation Equipment,2016,36(3):109-114.
[24]郑厚清.大用户直购电输电价初探[J].中国电力企业管理,2004(8):31-32.ZHENG Houqing.A study on the transmission and distribution price of direct power purchase for Largeusers[J].China Power Enterprise Management,2004(8):31-32.
[25]国家电网公司.国家电网公司安全事故调查规程[S].北京:中国电力出版社,2012.State Grid Corporation of China.Safety accident investigation procedures of State Grid Corporation of China[S].Beijing:China Electric Power Press,2012.
[26]国家电网公司.国家电网公司电网检修运维和运营管理成本标准[S].北京:中国电力出版社,2009.State Grid Corporation of China.Maintenance and operation and maintenance management cost standard of State Grid Corporation of China[S].Beijing:China Electric Power Press,2009.
[27]熊小伏,王建,袁峻,等.时空环境相依的电网故障模型及在电网可靠性评估中的应用[J].电力系统保护与控制,2015,43(15):28-35.XIONG Xiaofu,WANG Jian,YUAN Jun,et al.Temporal sand spatial environments dependent power grid failure method and its application in power grid reliability assessment[J].Power System Protection and Control,2015,43(15):28-35.
[28]方丽华,熊小伏,方嵩,等.基于电网故障与气象因果关联分析的系统风险控制决策[J].电力系统保护与控制,2014,42(17):113-119.FANG Lihua,XIONG Xiaofu,FANG Song,et al.Power system risk control decision based on cause and effect correlation analysis of fault and meteorology[J].Power System Protection and Control,2014,42(17):113-119.
[29]段涛,罗毅,施琳,等.计及气象因素的输电线路故障概率的实时评估模型[J].电力系统保护与控制,2013,41(15):59-67.DUAN Tao,LUO Yi,SHI Lin,et al.A real-time fault probability evaluation model of transmission line considering meteorological factors[J].Power System Protection and Control,2013,41(15):59-67.
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