生猪优势产区规模养殖环境全要素生产率研究
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摘要
生态文明建设体制框架下,考虑环境因素影响的生猪规模养殖绿色可持续发展就显得尤为重要。本文基于我国生猪养殖优势区的统计数据,构建包含非期望产出的固定窗式参考集FWML指数,对生猪规模养殖环境全要素生产率进行分析,探讨其增长源头。结果表明:不考虑环境因素情况下,生猪规模养殖全要素生产率会被高估,使用FWML指数分析法所得结果更近似于其真实值;考虑环境因素的生猪规模养殖全要素生产率仍处于增长阶段,但小、中、大三种规模的增速不同,中规模养殖环境全要素生产率最高,各规模主产区域间增速差异较大,技术进步是拉动其增长的主要因素;技术效率对生猪规模养殖环境全要素生产率的增长贡献不高,表现在生猪规模养殖技术使用的有效性、普及性和资源有效利用率低等问题上,大幅提高总体技术效率,是未来提升规模养殖环境全要素生产率的方向。因此,应结合各地区实际情况因地制宜发展生猪适度规模养殖;提升技术效率以推动生猪规模养殖绿色可持续发展。
Under the framework of ecological civilization construction, it is particularly important to consider the environmental factors for the green and sustainable development of scale hog production. Based on the statistical data of dominant hog producing areas in China, this paper constructed the Fixed-Window-Malmquist-Luenberger(FWML) index, including undesired output, to analyze the impacts of environmental factors on the total factor productivity of scale hog production and the growth of total factor productivity. Results show that without considering the environmental factors, the total factor productivity of scale hog production would be overestimated. The results obtained by using FWML index analysis method were more close to the true value. Results also indicate that the total factor productivity of China's scale hog production was still in the growth stage considering the environmental factors.However, the growth rates of the three scales are different: the medium-scale production has the highest total factor productivity and the gaps among the dominant producing areas of different scales are large. The technical progress is the main factor driving the growth. At the same time, the contribution of technical efficiency to the environmental total factor productivity of the scale hog production is limited, which is reflected in the ineffectiveness of the use of scale hog production technology, the popularity, and the low effective utilization of resources. In summary, to improve the technical efficiency to promote the green sustainable development of scale hog production, this paper suggests that improving the overall technical efficiency is the future direction to enhance the environmental total factor productivity and it is necessary to develop appropriate scale hog production according to the local conditions of each region.
Under the framework of ecological civilization construction, it is particularly important to consider the environmental factors for the green and sustainable development of scale hog production. Based on the statistical data of dominant hog producing areas in China, this paper constructed the Fixed-Window-Malmquist-Luenberger(FWML) index, including undesired output, to analyze the impacts of environmental factors on the total factor productivity of scale hog production and the growth of total factor productivity. Results show that without considering the environmental factors, the total factor productivity of scale hog production would be overestimated. The results obtained by using FWML index analysis method were more close to the true value. Results also indicate that the total factor productivity of China's scale hog production was still in the growth stage considering the environmental factors.However, the growth rates of the three scales are different: the medium-scale production has the highest total factor productivity and the gaps among the dominant producing areas of different scales are large. The technical progress is the main factor driving the growth. At the same time, the contribution of technical efficiency to the environmental total factor productivity of the scale hog production is limited, which is reflected in the ineffectiveness of the use of scale hog production technology, the popularity, and the low effective utilization of resources. In summary, to improve the technical efficiency to promote the green sustainable development of scale hog production, this paper suggests that improving the overall technical efficiency is the future direction to enhance the environmental total factor productivity and it is necessary to develop appropriate scale hog production according to the local conditions of each region.
引文
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[18]梁俊,龙少波.农业绿色全要素生产率增长及其影响因素[J].华南农业大学学报(社会科学版),2015,14(3):1-12.Liang J,Long S B.China’s agricultural green total factor productivity growth and its affecting factors[J].Journal of South China Agricultural University(Social Science Edition),2015,14(3):1-12.
[19]张晓恒,周应恒,张蓬.中国生猪养殖的环境效率估算--以粪便中氮盈余为例[J].农业技术经济,2015(5):92-102Zhang X H,Zhou Y H,Zhang P.Estimation the environmental efficiency of pig breeding in China:Case of fecal nitrogen surplus[J].Journal of Agrotechnical Economics,2015(5):92-102
[20]王德鑫,郑炎成,李谷成,等.环境规制条件下我国规模化生猪生产效率的测度与分析--兼论生猪养殖的适度规模经营[J].农业现代化研究,2015,36(5):818-825.Wang D X,Zheng Y C,Li G C,et al.Assessment and analysis of scale hog production efficiency in China under the constraint of environmental regulations and the discussion of the moderate scale management of hog production[J].Research of Agricultural Modernization,2015,36(5):818-825.
[21]左永彦,彭珏,封永刚.环境约束下规模生猪养殖的全要素生产率研究[J].农村经济,2016(9):37-43Zuo Y Y,Peng J,Feng Y G.Total factor productivity of pig farming under environmental constraints[J].Rural Economy,2016(9):37-43
[22]王雪娇,肖海峰.中国生猪养殖业生产效率和全要素生产率增长--基于SBM方向性距离函数的实证分析[J].北京航空航天大学学报(社会科学版),2017,30(4):67-76.Wang X J,Xiao H F.Productivity and total factor productivity growth of pig breeding Industry in China:Empirical analysis based on SBM directional distance function[J].Journal of Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics(Social Sciences Edition),2017,30(4):67-76.
[23]李谷成,范丽霞,成刚,等.农业全要素生产率增长:基于一种新的窗式DEA生产率指数的再估计[J].农业技术经济,2013(5):4-17.Li G C,Fan L X,Cheng G,et al.Agricultural TFP growth:Reestimating DEA productivity index based on a new window[J].Journal of Agrotechnical Economics,2013(5):4-17.
[24]Asmild M,Paradi J C,Aggarwall V,et al.Combining DEAwindow analysis with the Malmquist index approach in a study of the Canadian banking industry[J].Journal of Productivity Analysis,2004,21(1):67-89.
[25]杜红梅,李孟蕊,王明春,等.基于SE-DEA模型的中国生猪规模养殖环境效率时空差异研究[J].中国畜牧杂志,2017,53(1):131-137.Du H M,Li M R,Wang M C,et al.Study on temporal and spatial difference of environmental efficiency of scale cultivation of hogs in China based on SE-DEA model[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Science,2017,53(1):131-137.
[26]祝其丽,李清,胡启春,等.猪场清粪方式调查与沼气工程适用性分析[J].中国沼气,2011,29(1):26-28,47.Zhu Q L,Li Q,Hu Q C,et al.Investigation and analysis of animal manure methods on pig farms and their applicability[J].China Biogas,2011,29(1):26-28,47.
[27]吴学兵,乔娟,李谷成.环境约束下的中国规模猪场生产率增长与分解研究[J].统计与决策,2013(20):118-120.Wu X B,Qiao J,Li G C.Research on productivity growth and decomposition of pig farms in China under environmental constraints[J].Statistics and Decision,2013(20):118-120.
[28]魏晓博,彭珏.环境规制、环境规制竞争与地区生猪养殖产值增长--基于空间杜宾面板模型的实证研究[J].农村经济,2017(11):43-50.Wei X B,Peng J.Environmental regulation,environmental regulation competition and regional value growth of pig breeding:An empirical study based on Spatial Durbin Panel model[J].Rural Economy,2017(11):43-50.
[29]潘丹.考虑资源环境因素的中国农业绿色生产率评价及其影响因素分析[J].中国科技论坛,2014(11):149-154.Pan D.Evaluation and determinants of agricultural green productivity in China[J].Forum on Science and Technology in China,2014(11):149-154.
[30]吴丽丽,郑炎成,李谷成.碳排放约束下我国油菜全要素生产率增长与分解--来自13个主产区的实证[J].农业现代化研究,2013,34(1):77-80,94.Wu L L,Zheng Y C,Li G C.Growth and source of rape total factor productivity in China under carbon emissions constraintAn empirical study from 13 main producing areas[J].Research of Agricultural Modernization,2013,34(1):77-80,94.
[31]侯国庆,马骥.我国环境规制对畜禽养殖规模的影响效应--基于面板分位数回归方法的实证研究[J].华南理工大学学报(社会科学版),2017,19(1):37-48.Hou G Q,Ma J.A study of the effect of environmental regulation on large scale livestock and poultry management-An empirical study based on the method of Panel Quantile Regression[J].Journal of South China University of Technology(Social Science Edition),2017,19(1):37-48.
[2]Aldanondo-Ochoa A M,Valero L C O,Amaia A M.Environmental efficiency and the impact of regulation in dryland organic vine production[J].Land Use Policy,2014,36:275-284.
[3]郑微微,胡浩,周力.基于碳排放约束的生猪养殖业生产效率研究[J].南京农业大学学报(社会科学版),2013,13(2):60-67.Zheng W W,Hu H,Zhou L.On pig breeding production efficiency based on carbon emissions constraints[J].Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University(Social Sciences Edition),2013,13(2):60-67.
[4]田伟,杨璐嘉,姜静.低碳视角下中国农业环境效率的测算与分析--基于非期望产出的SBM模型[J].中国农村观察,2014(5):59-71,95.Tian W,Yang L J,Jiang J.Measurement and analysis of the Chinese agricultural eco-efficiency from the perspective of low carbon:Based on SBM model of the undesirable outputs[J].China Rural Survey,2014(5):59-71,95.
[5]冉启英,王倍倍,周辉.碳排放约束下农业全要素能源效率增长及收敛分析--基于Malmquist-Luenberger指数分解[J].生态经济,2018,34(2):47-53.Ran Q Y,Wang B B,Zhou H.Agricultural total factor energy efficiency growth and convergence under carbon emission constraints:Based on Malmquist-Luenberger Index[J].Ecological Economy,2018,34(2):47-53.
[6]薛建良,李秉龙.基于环境修正的中国农业全要素生产率度量[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2011,21(5):113-118.Xue J L,Li B L.Environmentally-adjusted measurement of China’s agricultural total factor productivity[J].China Population,Resources and Environment,2011,21(5):113-118.
[7]韩海彬,赵丽芬.环境约束下中国农业全要素生产率增长及收敛分析[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2013,23(3):70-76.Han H B,Zhao L F.Growth and convergence of agricultural total factor productivity in China under environmental regulations[J].China Population,Resources and Environment,2013,23(3):70-76.
[8]Chung Y H,F?re R,Grosskopf S.Productivity and undesirable outputs:A directional distance function approach[J].Journal of Environmental Management,1997,51(3):229-240.
[9]F?re R,Grosskopf S,Pasurka C.Accounting for air pollution emissions in measures of state manufacturing productivity growth[J].Journal of Regional Science,2001,41(3):381-409.
[10]Shaik S,Perrin R K.Agricultural productivity and environmental impacts:The role of non-parametric analysis[C].Selected Paper,American Agricultural Economics Association Meetings,Chicago,2001,Aug.5-Aug.8:1-13.
[11]Manello A.Productivity growth,environmental regulation and win-win opportunities:The case of chemical industry in Italy and Germany[J].European Journal of Operational Research,2017,262(2):733-743.
[12]Hutchings N J,Hoeve M T,Jensen R,et al.Modelling the potential of slurry management technologies to reduce the constraints of environmental legislation on pig production[J].Journal of Environmental Management,2013,130:447-456.
[13]Hoeve M T,Gómez-Mu?oz B,Jensen L S,et al.Environmental impacts of combining pig slurry acidification and separation under different regulatory regimes-A life cycle assessment[J].Journal of Environmental Management,2016,181:710-720.
[14]Dourmad J Y,Ryschawy J,Trousson T,et al.Evaluating environmental impacts of contrasting pig farming systems with life cycle assessment[J].Animal,2014,8(12):2027-2037.
[15]杨俊,陈怡.基于环境因素的中国农业生产率增长研究[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2011,21(6):153-157.Yang J,Chen Y.Empirical study on China’s agricultural production growth under the binding of environment[J].China Population,Resources and Environment,2011,21(6):153-157.
[16]崔晓,张屹山.中国农业环境效率与环境全要素生产率分析[J].中国农村经济,2014(8):4-16.Cui X,Zhang Y S.An analysis of agricultural environmental efficiency and environmental total factor productivity in China[J].Chinese Rural Economy,2014(8):4-16.
[17]李谷成.中国农业的绿色生产率革命:1978-2008年[J].经济学(季刊),2014,13(2):537-558.Li G C.The green productivity revolution of agriculture in China from 1978 to 2008[J].China Economic Quarterly,2014,13(2):537-558.
[18]梁俊,龙少波.农业绿色全要素生产率增长及其影响因素[J].华南农业大学学报(社会科学版),2015,14(3):1-12.Liang J,Long S B.China’s agricultural green total factor productivity growth and its affecting factors[J].Journal of South China Agricultural University(Social Science Edition),2015,14(3):1-12.
[19]张晓恒,周应恒,张蓬.中国生猪养殖的环境效率估算--以粪便中氮盈余为例[J].农业技术经济,2015(5):92-102Zhang X H,Zhou Y H,Zhang P.Estimation the environmental efficiency of pig breeding in China:Case of fecal nitrogen surplus[J].Journal of Agrotechnical Economics,2015(5):92-102
[20]王德鑫,郑炎成,李谷成,等.环境规制条件下我国规模化生猪生产效率的测度与分析--兼论生猪养殖的适度规模经营[J].农业现代化研究,2015,36(5):818-825.Wang D X,Zheng Y C,Li G C,et al.Assessment and analysis of scale hog production efficiency in China under the constraint of environmental regulations and the discussion of the moderate scale management of hog production[J].Research of Agricultural Modernization,2015,36(5):818-825.
[21]左永彦,彭珏,封永刚.环境约束下规模生猪养殖的全要素生产率研究[J].农村经济,2016(9):37-43Zuo Y Y,Peng J,Feng Y G.Total factor productivity of pig farming under environmental constraints[J].Rural Economy,2016(9):37-43
[22]王雪娇,肖海峰.中国生猪养殖业生产效率和全要素生产率增长--基于SBM方向性距离函数的实证分析[J].北京航空航天大学学报(社会科学版),2017,30(4):67-76.Wang X J,Xiao H F.Productivity and total factor productivity growth of pig breeding Industry in China:Empirical analysis based on SBM directional distance function[J].Journal of Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics(Social Sciences Edition),2017,30(4):67-76.
[23]李谷成,范丽霞,成刚,等.农业全要素生产率增长:基于一种新的窗式DEA生产率指数的再估计[J].农业技术经济,2013(5):4-17.Li G C,Fan L X,Cheng G,et al.Agricultural TFP growth:Reestimating DEA productivity index based on a new window[J].Journal of Agrotechnical Economics,2013(5):4-17.
[24]Asmild M,Paradi J C,Aggarwall V,et al.Combining DEAwindow analysis with the Malmquist index approach in a study of the Canadian banking industry[J].Journal of Productivity Analysis,2004,21(1):67-89.
[25]杜红梅,李孟蕊,王明春,等.基于SE-DEA模型的中国生猪规模养殖环境效率时空差异研究[J].中国畜牧杂志,2017,53(1):131-137.Du H M,Li M R,Wang M C,et al.Study on temporal and spatial difference of environmental efficiency of scale cultivation of hogs in China based on SE-DEA model[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Science,2017,53(1):131-137.
[26]祝其丽,李清,胡启春,等.猪场清粪方式调查与沼气工程适用性分析[J].中国沼气,2011,29(1):26-28,47.Zhu Q L,Li Q,Hu Q C,et al.Investigation and analysis of animal manure methods on pig farms and their applicability[J].China Biogas,2011,29(1):26-28,47.
[27]吴学兵,乔娟,李谷成.环境约束下的中国规模猪场生产率增长与分解研究[J].统计与决策,2013(20):118-120.Wu X B,Qiao J,Li G C.Research on productivity growth and decomposition of pig farms in China under environmental constraints[J].Statistics and Decision,2013(20):118-120.
[28]魏晓博,彭珏.环境规制、环境规制竞争与地区生猪养殖产值增长--基于空间杜宾面板模型的实证研究[J].农村经济,2017(11):43-50.Wei X B,Peng J.Environmental regulation,environmental regulation competition and regional value growth of pig breeding:An empirical study based on Spatial Durbin Panel model[J].Rural Economy,2017(11):43-50.
[29]潘丹.考虑资源环境因素的中国农业绿色生产率评价及其影响因素分析[J].中国科技论坛,2014(11):149-154.Pan D.Evaluation and determinants of agricultural green productivity in China[J].Forum on Science and Technology in China,2014(11):149-154.
[30]吴丽丽,郑炎成,李谷成.碳排放约束下我国油菜全要素生产率增长与分解--来自13个主产区的实证[J].农业现代化研究,2013,34(1):77-80,94.Wu L L,Zheng Y C,Li G C.Growth and source of rape total factor productivity in China under carbon emissions constraintAn empirical study from 13 main producing areas[J].Research of Agricultural Modernization,2013,34(1):77-80,94.
[31]侯国庆,马骥.我国环境规制对畜禽养殖规模的影响效应--基于面板分位数回归方法的实证研究[J].华南理工大学学报(社会科学版),2017,19(1):37-48.Hou G Q,Ma J.A study of the effect of environmental regulation on large scale livestock and poultry management-An empirical study based on the method of Panel Quantile Regression[J].Journal of South China University of Technology(Social Science Edition),2017,19(1):37-48.