拟赤梢鱼消化系统的形态学与组织学结构特征
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摘要
探明拟赤梢鱼消化系统的形态学和组织学结构,为其野生资源保护及人工养殖提供基础数据,采用常规解剖学和石蜡切片技术对拟赤梢鱼健康成体消化系统的形态学和组织学特征进行研究。结果表明:拟赤梢鱼的平均体重为(217.81±53.50)g,体长为(24.88±1.49)cm,体重(y)随体长(x)变化的回归方程为y=0.004x3.417,R2=0.745。拟赤梢鱼无胃的分化,消化系统由消化道和肝胰脏组成。其肠道细长,呈长管状,紧接于食道后,呈"S"形走向,肠道管径由前肠至后肠逐渐变细,前肠和中肠的长度差异不显著(P>0.05),后肠极显著长于前肠和中肠(P<0.01),肠长比为1.11±0.09,肠重比为0.006±0.003。肝脏和胰脏不分,合为肝胰脏,胰腺组织弥散分布于肝组织中,肝胰重比为0.010±0.003。消化道管壁由黏膜层、肌层和浆膜层3层组成,食道的黏膜层最薄,前肠的最厚;食道的肌层最厚,与肠道的肌层厚度差异显著(P<0.05),肠道各段的肌层厚度差异不显著(P>0.05)。前肠的浆膜层最厚,其次为后肠,食道的最薄;前肠的浆膜层显著厚于食道和中肠(P<0.05),与后肠差异不显著(P>0.05)。后肠富含杯状细胞,显著多于其他部位(P<0.05),其次为前肠,食道中几乎没有杯状细胞。拟赤梢鱼消化系统结构与功能(食性)密切相关。
In order to clarify the morphological and histological structure of the digestive system of Pseudaspius leptocephalus,and provide basic data for its wild resource conservation and artificial breeding,the conventional anatomy and paraffin sectioning techniques were employed to study the morphology and histological characteristics of digestive system of healthy adult P.leptocephalus.Results:The average body weight of P.leptocephalus was(217.81±53.50)g,the body length was(24.88±1.49)cm,and the regression equation of body weight(y)with body length(x)was y=0.004 x3.417,R2=0.745.P.leptocephalus has no stomach differentiation,and the digestive system consists of two parts:the digestive tract and the liver and pancreas.The intestine is slender and has a long tubular shape.Immediately after the esophagus,it has an "S"shape.The diameter of the intestine is gradually tapered from the foregut to the hindgut.The length of the foregut and the midgut is not significantly different(P>0.05),the hindgut was very significantly longer than the foregut and midgut(P<0.01),the intestinal length ratio was 1.11±0.09,and the intestinal weight ratio was 0.006±0.003.The liver and pancreas were together as hepatopancreas,and the pancreatic tissue was diffusely distributed in the liver tissue,and the hepatopancreas weight ratio was 0.010±0.003.The digestive tract wall has three layers:mucosal layer,muscular layer and serosa layer.The mucosa of the esophagus is the thinnest,and the foregut is the thickest.The muscular layer of the esophagus is the thickest,and the thickness of the intestine is significantly different(P< 0.05),the difference in muscle thickness of each segment of the intestine was not significant(P>0.05).The serosal layer of the foregut was the thickest,followed by the posterior intestine,and the esophagus was the thinnest;the serosal layer of the foregut was significantly thicker than the esophagus and midgut(P<0.05),and was not significantly different from the hindgut(P>0.05).The hindgut is rich in goblet cells,significantly more than other sites(P <0.05),followed by the foregut,almost no goblet cells in the esophagus.The structure and function(feeding)of the digestive system of P.leptocephalus are closely related.
In order to clarify the morphological and histological structure of the digestive system of Pseudaspius leptocephalus,and provide basic data for its wild resource conservation and artificial breeding,the conventional anatomy and paraffin sectioning techniques were employed to study the morphology and histological characteristics of digestive system of healthy adult P.leptocephalus.Results:The average body weight of P.leptocephalus was(217.81±53.50)g,the body length was(24.88±1.49)cm,and the regression equation of body weight(y)with body length(x)was y=0.004 x3.417,R2=0.745.P.leptocephalus has no stomach differentiation,and the digestive system consists of two parts:the digestive tract and the liver and pancreas.The intestine is slender and has a long tubular shape.Immediately after the esophagus,it has an "S"shape.The diameter of the intestine is gradually tapered from the foregut to the hindgut.The length of the foregut and the midgut is not significantly different(P>0.05),the hindgut was very significantly longer than the foregut and midgut(P<0.01),the intestinal length ratio was 1.11±0.09,and the intestinal weight ratio was 0.006±0.003.The liver and pancreas were together as hepatopancreas,and the pancreatic tissue was diffusely distributed in the liver tissue,and the hepatopancreas weight ratio was 0.010±0.003.The digestive tract wall has three layers:mucosal layer,muscular layer and serosa layer.The mucosa of the esophagus is the thinnest,and the foregut is the thickest.The muscular layer of the esophagus is the thickest,and the thickness of the intestine is significantly different(P< 0.05),the difference in muscle thickness of each segment of the intestine was not significant(P>0.05).The serosal layer of the foregut was the thickest,followed by the posterior intestine,and the esophagus was the thinnest;the serosal layer of the foregut was significantly thicker than the esophagus and midgut(P<0.05),and was not significantly different from the hindgut(P>0.05).The hindgut is rich in goblet cells,significantly more than other sites(P <0.05),followed by the foregut,almost no goblet cells in the esophagus.The structure and function(feeding)of the digestive system of P.leptocephalus are closely related.
引文
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[2] MUSSON M,KAISER H.Development of the Digestive System in Dusky Kob,Argyrosomus Japonicus,Larvae[J].Aquaculture International,2014,22(2):783-796.
[3]于信勇,周长海.拟赤梢鱼人工繁殖的初步研究[J].中国水产,2015(7):79-81.
[4]吴善福,张颖,马波,等.乌苏里江拟赤梢鱼肌肉营养成分分析与品质评价[J].生物学杂志,2016,33(6):52-56.
[5]杨富亿,吕宪国,娄彦景,等.黑龙江兴凯湖国家级自然保护区的鱼类资源[J].动物学杂志,2012,47(6):44-53.
[6]霍堂斌,姜作发,马波,等.黑龙江中游底层鱼类群落结构及多样性[J].生态学杂志,2012,31(10):2591-2598.
[7]杨富亿,吕宪国,娄彦景,等.东北地区火山堰塞湖鱼类区系与群落多样性[J].应用生态学报,2012,23(12):3449-3457.
[8] BATISHCHEVA N M,KARTAVTSEV Y P,BOGUTSKAYA N G.Phylogenetic Analysis of Altai Osmans of the Genus Oreoleuciscus(pisces,Cyprinidae,Leuciscinae),Based on the Analysis of the Cytochrome Oxidase 1Gene(Co-1)Sequence[J].Russian Journal of Genetics,2011,47(10):1188-1197.
[9] SAKAI H,GOTO A,JEON S R.Speciation and Dispersal of Tribolodon Species(pisces,Cyprinidae)Around the Sea of Japan[J].Zoologicalence,2016,19(11):1291.
[10]何希君,陈洪岩.SPF鸡组织学彩色图谱[M].长春:吉林人民出版社出版,2016.
[11]梁志强,李传武,刘明求,等.湘华鲮消化系统的形态学与组织学研究[J].中国水产科学,2011,18(5):1051-1060.
[12]姚荣荣.鳡消化道组织学与免疫组织化学的研究[D].武汉:华中农业大学,2008.
[13]王亚楠.四种淡水经济鱼类消化系统的比较研究[D].长沙:湖南农业大学,2008.
[14]毕冰,孙中武,毛天强,等.鲤、鲢、鳙、草鱼消化道结构与食性的研究[J].水产学杂志,2011,24(1):26-29.
[15]杨元昊,王立新,李学智,等.兰州鲇与鲇消化系统的形态学及组织学比较研究[J].水生生物学报,2017,41(1):174-181.
[16]熊冬梅.黑斑原鮡消化生理的研究[D].武汉:华中农业大学,2010.
[17]向枭,叶元土,周兴华,等.大鳍鳠的消化能力与营养价值[J].水产学报,2003(4):371-376.
[18]陈国华,王永波,王珺,等.波纹唇鱼消化系统的组织学[J].水生生物学报,2010,34(4):685-693.
[19]沈怡.四种鲇形目鱼消化系统及消化酶的研究[D].哈尔滨:东北林业大学,2007.
[20] ARELLANO J M,STORCH V,SARASQUETE C.Ultrastructural Study on the Intestine of Senegal Sole,Solea Senegalensis[J].Journal of Applied Ichthyology,2010,18(3):154-158.
[21]关海红,匡友谊,徐伟,等.哲罗鱼消化系统形态学和组织学观察[J].中国水产科学,2008,15(5):873-879.
[22]刘红梅.乌鳢消化系统组织学及消化酶的研究[D].青岛:中国海洋大学,2006.