基于斑块尺度的神农架川金丝猴生境适宜性评价
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摘要
基于斑块尺度的生境适宜性研究,可以通过物种分布的景观格局特征,推导出研究区的景观适宜性,有利于景观规划决策。研究首先分析农业用地对神农架川金丝干扰的阈值,其次采用泊松回归构建基于斑块尺度的包含植被类型、斑块特征和人为干扰特征的猴群分布模型,依据模型结果叠加道路适宜性分级图对川金丝猴适宜生境进行评价。结果显示:(1)农业用地干扰阈值为2000 m;(2)最优模型显示猴群偏好面积大、形状简单的寒温性针叶林、寒温性针叶-落叶阔叶混交林、温性针叶-落叶阔叶混交林斑块,对农业用地具有回避性;(3)道路干扰已成为川金丝猴迁移的主要障碍,川金丝猴分布区受到的农业干扰较小,但其成为阻碍川金丝猴扩张分布区的屏障。建议神农架保护区全面开展道路与旅游景点对野生动物干扰的监测。
Based on patch level,the habitat suitability of a study area can be deduced by the landscape pattern of species distribution,which is crucial to landscape planning decisions. This study investigated the habitat suitability for the Sichuan snub-nosed monkey( Rhinopithecus roxellana) in Shennongjia,Hubei Province. First,the disturbance threshold of the agricultural land was analyzed. Then,Poisson regression was used to construct the monkey distribution model based on the patch scale,with vegetation types,patch characteristics,and human disturbance characteristics as variables. The model of the results was combined with the road suitability map to estimate the monkeys' suitable habitat distribution. The results showed that( 1) the disturbance threshold of agricultural land was 2000 m;( 2) the optimal model revealed that the monkeys preferred large and simple-shaped patches with cold-temperate coniferous forest, cold-temperate coniferousdeciduous broad-leaved mixed forest,and temperate coniferous-deciduous broad-leaved mixed forest vegetation types,and avoided agricultural land;( 3) the road has become a major obstacle to dispersal. The distribution of R. roxellana was less disturbed by agriculture,which was also a barrier to the expansion of the distribution area. It is suggested that the Shennongjia reserve should carry out monitoring of the disturbance of wild animals by road activity and tourism.
Based on patch level,the habitat suitability of a study area can be deduced by the landscape pattern of species distribution,which is crucial to landscape planning decisions. This study investigated the habitat suitability for the Sichuan snub-nosed monkey( Rhinopithecus roxellana) in Shennongjia,Hubei Province. First,the disturbance threshold of the agricultural land was analyzed. Then,Poisson regression was used to construct the monkey distribution model based on the patch scale,with vegetation types,patch characteristics,and human disturbance characteristics as variables. The model of the results was combined with the road suitability map to estimate the monkeys' suitable habitat distribution. The results showed that( 1) the disturbance threshold of agricultural land was 2000 m;( 2) the optimal model revealed that the monkeys preferred large and simple-shaped patches with cold-temperate coniferous forest, cold-temperate coniferousdeciduous broad-leaved mixed forest,and temperate coniferous-deciduous broad-leaved mixed forest vegetation types,and avoided agricultural land;( 3) the road has become a major obstacle to dispersal. The distribution of R. roxellana was less disturbed by agriculture,which was also a barrier to the expansion of the distribution area. It is suggested that the Shennongjia reserve should carry out monitoring of the disturbance of wild animals by road activity and tourism.
引文
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[3]Larson M A,Thompson Ⅲ F R,Millspaugh J J,Dijak W D,Shifley S R.Linking population viability,habitat suitability,and landscape simulation models for conservation planning.Ecological Modelling,2004,180(1):103-118.
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[5]Zhou Y B,Yang M X,Yihuo W L,Liu G M,Wang H Y,Wei J G,Jiang Q W.Effect of habitat fragmentation on the schistosome-transmitting snail Oncomelania hupensis in a mountainous area of China.Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene,2011,105(4):189-196.
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[7]Redeker S,Andersen L W,Pertoldi C,Madsen A B,Jensen T S,J?rgensen J M.Genetic structure,habitat fragmentation and bottlenecks in Danish bank voles(Clethrionomys glareolus).Mammalian Biology-Zeitschrift für S?ugetierkunde,2006,71(3):144-158.
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[9]Fahrig L.Effects of habitat fragmentation on biodiversity.Annual Review of Ecology,Evolution,and Systematics,2003,34:487-515.
[10]Harwell H D,Posey M H,Alphin T D.Landscape aspects of oyster reefs:effects of fragmentation on habitat utilization.Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology,2011,409(1/2):30-41.
[11]Ripperger S P,Tschapka M,Kalko E K V,Rodríguez-Herrera B,Mayer F.Resisting habitat fragmentation:high genetic connectivity among populations of the frugivorous bat Carollia castanea in an agricultural landscape.Agriculture,Ecosystems&Environment,2014,185:9-15.
[12]张巍巍.王朗自然保护区大熊猫生境质量评价[D].北京:北京林业大学,2014.
[13]王建华,田景汉,吕宪国.挠力河流域河流生境质量评价.生态学报,2010,30(2):481-486.
[14]齐述华,张起明,江丰,廖富强.水位对鄱阳湖湿地越冬候鸟生境景观格局的影响研究.自然资源学报,2014,29(8):1345-1355.
[15]刘丙万,秦立鑫,张博,刘松涛.内蒙古达赉湖地区蒙原羚生境景观格局及动态研究.野生动物,2011,32(5):256-259.
[16]邓凯,李丽,吴巩胜,周跃,赵如.景观空间格局对滇金丝猴猴群分布的影响.生态学报,2014,34(17):4999-5006.
[17]铁军,张晶,彭林鹏,杨林森,胡德夫,张志翔.神农架川金丝猴栖息地优势树种生态位及食源植物.植物生态学报,2009,33(3):482-491.
[18]铁军,张晶,彭林鹏,廖明尧,张志翔.神农架川金丝猴栖息地乔木层物种多样性及其海拔梯度变化.植物科学学报,2011,29(2):141-148.
[19]铁军,张晶,彭林鹏,廖明尧,杨林森,张志翔.神农架川金丝猴栖息地植物区系特征及食物资源研究.广西植物,2009,29(6):736-743.
[20]铁军.神农架川金丝猴(Rhinopithecus roxellana)栖息地植物构成和食源植物评价研究[D].北京:北京林业大学,2009.
[21]Liu Z J,Liu G J,Roos C,Wang Z M,Xiang Z F,Zhu P F,Wang B S,Ren B P,Shi F L,Pan H J,Li M.Implications of genetics and current protected areas for conservation of 5 endangered primates in China.Conservation Biology,2015,29(6):1508-1517.
[22]刘广超.川金丝猴栖息地质量评价和保护对策研究[D].北京:北京林业大学,2007.
[23]王翠玲,臧振华,邱月,邓舒雨,冯朝阳,谢宗强,徐文婷,刘蕾,陈全胜,申国珍.湖北神农架国家级自然保护区森林和川金丝猴栖息地的保护成效.生物多样性,2017,25(5):504-512.
[24]朱兆泉.神农架金丝猴生态学研究.湖北林业科技,2003,(S1):46-52.
[25]唐诚.神农架自然保护区川金丝猴生境选择与适宜性评价[D].武汉:华中农业大学,2014.
[26]Harper K A,Macdonald S E,Burton P J,Chen J Q,Brosofske K D,Saunders S C,Euskirchen E S,Roberts D,Jaiteh M S,Esseen P A.Edge influence on forest structure and composition in fragmented landscapes.Conservation Biology,2005,19(3):768-782.
[27]Grant Hokit D,Ascunce M,Ernst J,Branch L C,Clark A M.Ecological metrics predict connectivity better than geographic distance.Conservation Genetics,2010,11(1):149-159.
[28]Mc Garigal K,Cushman S A,Ene E.FRAGSTATS v4:Spatial pattern analysis program for categorical and continuous maps.Computer software program produced by the authors at the University of Massachusetts,Amherst.2012.[2017-09-03].http://www.umass.edu/landeco/research/fragstats/fragstats.html.
[29]Osgood D W.Poisson-based regression analysis of aggregate crime rates.Journal of Quantitative Criminology,2000,16(1):21-43.
[30]Mortelliti A,Fagiani S,Battisti C,Capizzi D,Boitani L.Independent effects of habitat loss,habitat fragmentation and structural connectivity on forest-dependent birds.Diversity and Distributions,2010,16(6):941-951.
[31]Mortelliti A,Amori G,Capizzi D,Cervone C,Fagiani S,Pollini B,Boitani L.Independent effects of habitat loss,habitat fragmentation and structural connectivity on the distribution of two arboreal rodents.Journal of Applied Ecology,2011,48(1):153-162.
[32]Mortelliti A,Sozio G,Boccacci F,Ranchelli E,Cecere J G,Battisti C,Boitani L.Effect of habitat amount,configuration and quality in fragmented landscapes.Acta Oecologica,2012,45:1-7.
[33]Arroyo-Rodríguez V,Mandujano S,Benítez-Malvido J.Landscape attributes affecting patch occupancy by howler monkeys(Alouatta palliata mexicana)at Los Tuxtlas,Mexico.American Journal of Primatology,2008,70(1):69-77.
[34]铁军,张晶,彭林鹏,王大兴,胡德夫,张志翔.神农架川金丝猴冬春季节食性分析.生态学杂志,2010,29(1):62-68.
[35]向左甫,禹洋,杨鹛,杨敬元,廖明尧,李明.神农架保护区的川金丝猴旗舰物种生态旅游有利于自然保护吗?科学通报,2011,56(22):1784-1789.
[36]李佳,丛静,刘晓,周芸芸,王秀磊,李广良,李迪强.基于红外相机技术调查神农架旅游公路对兽类活动的影响.生态学杂志,2015,34(8):2195-2200.
[37]马建章,程鲲.自然保护区生态旅游对野生动物的影响.生态学报,2008,28(6):2818-2827.
[2]Cooper C B,Walters J R.Independent effects of woodland loss and fragmentation on Brown Treecreeper distribution.Biological Conservation,2002,105(1):1-10.
[3]Larson M A,Thompson Ⅲ F R,Millspaugh J J,Dijak W D,Shifley S R.Linking population viability,habitat suitability,and landscape simulation models for conservation planning.Ecological Modelling,2004,180(1):103-118.
[4]Wiens J A.Habitat fragmentation:island v landscape perspectives on bird conservation.IBIS,1995,137(S1):S97-S104.
[5]Zhou Y B,Yang M X,Yihuo W L,Liu G M,Wang H Y,Wei J G,Jiang Q W.Effect of habitat fragmentation on the schistosome-transmitting snail Oncomelania hupensis in a mountainous area of China.Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene,2011,105(4):189-196.
[6]Piekielek N B,Hansen A J.Extent of fragmentation of coarse-scale habitats in and around U.S.National Parks.Biological Conservation,2012,155:13-22.
[7]Redeker S,Andersen L W,Pertoldi C,Madsen A B,Jensen T S,J?rgensen J M.Genetic structure,habitat fragmentation and bottlenecks in Danish bank voles(Clethrionomys glareolus).Mammalian Biology-Zeitschrift für S?ugetierkunde,2006,71(3):144-158.
[8]Tischendorf L,Fahrig L.On the usage and measurement of landscape connectivity.Oikos,2000,90(1):7-19.
[9]Fahrig L.Effects of habitat fragmentation on biodiversity.Annual Review of Ecology,Evolution,and Systematics,2003,34:487-515.
[10]Harwell H D,Posey M H,Alphin T D.Landscape aspects of oyster reefs:effects of fragmentation on habitat utilization.Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology,2011,409(1/2):30-41.
[11]Ripperger S P,Tschapka M,Kalko E K V,Rodríguez-Herrera B,Mayer F.Resisting habitat fragmentation:high genetic connectivity among populations of the frugivorous bat Carollia castanea in an agricultural landscape.Agriculture,Ecosystems&Environment,2014,185:9-15.
[12]张巍巍.王朗自然保护区大熊猫生境质量评价[D].北京:北京林业大学,2014.
[13]王建华,田景汉,吕宪国.挠力河流域河流生境质量评价.生态学报,2010,30(2):481-486.
[14]齐述华,张起明,江丰,廖富强.水位对鄱阳湖湿地越冬候鸟生境景观格局的影响研究.自然资源学报,2014,29(8):1345-1355.
[15]刘丙万,秦立鑫,张博,刘松涛.内蒙古达赉湖地区蒙原羚生境景观格局及动态研究.野生动物,2011,32(5):256-259.
[16]邓凯,李丽,吴巩胜,周跃,赵如.景观空间格局对滇金丝猴猴群分布的影响.生态学报,2014,34(17):4999-5006.
[17]铁军,张晶,彭林鹏,杨林森,胡德夫,张志翔.神农架川金丝猴栖息地优势树种生态位及食源植物.植物生态学报,2009,33(3):482-491.
[18]铁军,张晶,彭林鹏,廖明尧,张志翔.神农架川金丝猴栖息地乔木层物种多样性及其海拔梯度变化.植物科学学报,2011,29(2):141-148.
[19]铁军,张晶,彭林鹏,廖明尧,杨林森,张志翔.神农架川金丝猴栖息地植物区系特征及食物资源研究.广西植物,2009,29(6):736-743.
[20]铁军.神农架川金丝猴(Rhinopithecus roxellana)栖息地植物构成和食源植物评价研究[D].北京:北京林业大学,2009.
[21]Liu Z J,Liu G J,Roos C,Wang Z M,Xiang Z F,Zhu P F,Wang B S,Ren B P,Shi F L,Pan H J,Li M.Implications of genetics and current protected areas for conservation of 5 endangered primates in China.Conservation Biology,2015,29(6):1508-1517.
[22]刘广超.川金丝猴栖息地质量评价和保护对策研究[D].北京:北京林业大学,2007.
[23]王翠玲,臧振华,邱月,邓舒雨,冯朝阳,谢宗强,徐文婷,刘蕾,陈全胜,申国珍.湖北神农架国家级自然保护区森林和川金丝猴栖息地的保护成效.生物多样性,2017,25(5):504-512.
[24]朱兆泉.神农架金丝猴生态学研究.湖北林业科技,2003,(S1):46-52.
[25]唐诚.神农架自然保护区川金丝猴生境选择与适宜性评价[D].武汉:华中农业大学,2014.
[26]Harper K A,Macdonald S E,Burton P J,Chen J Q,Brosofske K D,Saunders S C,Euskirchen E S,Roberts D,Jaiteh M S,Esseen P A.Edge influence on forest structure and composition in fragmented landscapes.Conservation Biology,2005,19(3):768-782.
[27]Grant Hokit D,Ascunce M,Ernst J,Branch L C,Clark A M.Ecological metrics predict connectivity better than geographic distance.Conservation Genetics,2010,11(1):149-159.
[28]Mc Garigal K,Cushman S A,Ene E.FRAGSTATS v4:Spatial pattern analysis program for categorical and continuous maps.Computer software program produced by the authors at the University of Massachusetts,Amherst.2012.[2017-09-03].http://www.umass.edu/landeco/research/fragstats/fragstats.html.
[29]Osgood D W.Poisson-based regression analysis of aggregate crime rates.Journal of Quantitative Criminology,2000,16(1):21-43.
[30]Mortelliti A,Fagiani S,Battisti C,Capizzi D,Boitani L.Independent effects of habitat loss,habitat fragmentation and structural connectivity on forest-dependent birds.Diversity and Distributions,2010,16(6):941-951.
[31]Mortelliti A,Amori G,Capizzi D,Cervone C,Fagiani S,Pollini B,Boitani L.Independent effects of habitat loss,habitat fragmentation and structural connectivity on the distribution of two arboreal rodents.Journal of Applied Ecology,2011,48(1):153-162.
[32]Mortelliti A,Sozio G,Boccacci F,Ranchelli E,Cecere J G,Battisti C,Boitani L.Effect of habitat amount,configuration and quality in fragmented landscapes.Acta Oecologica,2012,45:1-7.
[33]Arroyo-Rodríguez V,Mandujano S,Benítez-Malvido J.Landscape attributes affecting patch occupancy by howler monkeys(Alouatta palliata mexicana)at Los Tuxtlas,Mexico.American Journal of Primatology,2008,70(1):69-77.
[34]铁军,张晶,彭林鹏,王大兴,胡德夫,张志翔.神农架川金丝猴冬春季节食性分析.生态学杂志,2010,29(1):62-68.
[35]向左甫,禹洋,杨鹛,杨敬元,廖明尧,李明.神农架保护区的川金丝猴旗舰物种生态旅游有利于自然保护吗?科学通报,2011,56(22):1784-1789.
[36]李佳,丛静,刘晓,周芸芸,王秀磊,李广良,李迪强.基于红外相机技术调查神农架旅游公路对兽类活动的影响.生态学杂志,2015,34(8):2195-2200.
[37]马建章,程鲲.自然保护区生态旅游对野生动物的影响.生态学报,2008,28(6):2818-2827.