基于模糊综合评价和景观连接度的工矿废弃地生态复垦利用优先度评判:以大冶市为例
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摘要
对工矿废弃地复垦为林地的优先度评判通常只考虑其宜林适宜性,较少考虑其对森林景观连通性的贡献。以湖北省大冶市为研究区,运用模糊综合评价、景观连接度和二维判断矩阵评判工矿废弃地生态复垦利用优先度。结果表明:(1)大冶市工矿废弃地复垦为林地的最适宜、较适宜、较不适宜和不适宜地块面积分别为967. 44、343. 54、67. 85和75. 96 hm~2。最适宜地块在金山店镇较为集中,不适宜地块主要分布在还地桥镇。(2)大冶市景观生态网络连接的最佳距离阈值为1 250 m。工矿废弃地复垦后对林地生态网络结构贡献程度最高、高、中和低等级地块面积分别为234. 80、358. 24、315. 08和546. 68 hm~2。(3)大冶市复垦优先度为Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ和Ⅳ级面积分别为403. 68、408. 82、594. 65和47. 90 hm~2,且模糊适宜性评价结果与网络结构重要性评价结果存在差异。研究结果能避免仅考虑复垦适宜性评价结果的片面性,同时能增强对生态效应的考虑,使评价结果更合理。
The most pervious study about the priority evaluation of the reclamation of industrial and mining wasteland into forest land only considered its suitability for forest land,and took less consideration of its contribution to forest landscape connectivity. Taking Daye City in Hubei Province as a case study,the priority degree of ecological reclamation in industrial and mining wasteland evaluated by fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method,landscape connectivity index and two-dimensional method. The results show that:(1)the areas of the most suitable,more suitable,less suitable and unsuitable patches of the reclamation of industrial and mining wasteland into forest in Daye City were 967. 44,343. 54,67. 85 and 75. 96 hm~2. The most suitable patches concentrated in Jinshan Town,and the unsuitable patches mainly distributed in the Huandiqiao Town.(2)The optimal distance threshold of landscape ecological network connection is 1 250 m in Daye. After the reclamation of industrial and mining land,the area of the highest,high,middle and low-grade patches contributing to the ecological network structure of forest land were 234. 80,358. 24,315. 08 and 546. 68 hm~2,respectively.(3)The area of priority of ecological reclamation of industrial and mining waste land in Daye City were403. 68,408. 52,594. 65 and 47. 90 hm~2 for grade Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ and Ⅳ,respectively. The results of fuzzy suitability evaluation were different from those of network structure importance evaluation. The results of the study can avoid considering only one-sidedness of the evaluation results and enhance the consideration of ecological effect to make the evaluation results more reasonable.
The most pervious study about the priority evaluation of the reclamation of industrial and mining wasteland into forest land only considered its suitability for forest land,and took less consideration of its contribution to forest landscape connectivity. Taking Daye City in Hubei Province as a case study,the priority degree of ecological reclamation in industrial and mining wasteland evaluated by fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method,landscape connectivity index and two-dimensional method. The results show that:(1)the areas of the most suitable,more suitable,less suitable and unsuitable patches of the reclamation of industrial and mining wasteland into forest in Daye City were 967. 44,343. 54,67. 85 and 75. 96 hm~2. The most suitable patches concentrated in Jinshan Town,and the unsuitable patches mainly distributed in the Huandiqiao Town.(2)The optimal distance threshold of landscape ecological network connection is 1 250 m in Daye. After the reclamation of industrial and mining land,the area of the highest,high,middle and low-grade patches contributing to the ecological network structure of forest land were 234. 80,358. 24,315. 08 and 546. 68 hm~2,respectively.(3)The area of priority of ecological reclamation of industrial and mining waste land in Daye City were403. 68,408. 52,594. 65 and 47. 90 hm~2 for grade Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ and Ⅳ,respectively. The results of fuzzy suitability evaluation were different from those of network structure importance evaluation. The results of the study can avoid considering only one-sidedness of the evaluation results and enhance the consideration of ecological effect to make the evaluation results more reasonable.
引文
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[2]刘海龙.采矿废弃地的生态恢复与可持续景观设计[J].生态学报,2004,24(2):323-329.[LIU Hai-long. Ecological Restoration and Sustainable Landscape Design of Mining Wastelands[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2004,24(2):323-329.]
[3]马海涛.中国土地资源保护与可持续与利用问题研究[D].苏州:苏州大学,2005.[MA Hai-tao. Researeh on Protection and Sustainable Utilization for Land Resource in China[D]. Suzhou:Suzhou University,2005.]
[4]黄铭洪,骆永明.矿区土地修复与生态恢复[J].土壤学报,2003,40(2):161-169.[HUANG Ming-hong,LUO Yong-ming.Land Remediation and Ecological Restoration of Mined Land[J].Acta Pedologica Sinica,2003,40(2):161-169.]
[5]王海春.矿区土地复垦的理论及实践研究综述[J].经济论坛,2009(13):40-42.
[6]樊文华,白中科,李慧峰,等.复垦土壤重金属污染潜在生态风险评价[J].农业工程学报,2011,27(1):348-354.[FAN Wen-hua,BAI Zhong-ke,LI Hui-feng,et al. Potential Ecological Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Reclaimed Soils[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2011,27(1):348-354.]
[7]白淑英,朱倩文,沈渭寿,等.白云鄂博矿区生态退化研究[J].生态与农村环境学报,2016,32(3):367-373.[BAI Shu-ying,ZHU Qian-wen,SHEN Wei-shou,et al. Effect of Mining on Ecological Degradation in Bayan Obo[J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment,2016,32(3):367-373.]
[8]徐嘉兴,李钢,陈国良,等.土地复垦矿区的景观生态质量变化[J].农业工程学报,2013,29(1):232-239,296.[XU Jia-xing,LI Gang,CHEN Guo-liang,et al. Changes of Landscape Ecological Quality for Land Reclamation in Mining Area[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transactions of the CSAE),2013,29(1):232-239,296.]
[9]张玉虎,于长青,宋百敏,等.快速监测评估废弃采石场生态恢复的研究[J].生态与农村环境学报,2007,23(3):36-40.[ZHANG Yu-hu,YU Chang-qing,SONG Bai-min,et al. Rapid Assessment and Monitoring of Ecological Restoration of Deserted Quarries[J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment,2007,23(3):36-40.]
[10]田美荣,高吉喜,宋国宝,等.基于主导生态功能与生态退化程度的生态修复分区研究[J].生态与农村环境学报,2017,33(1):7-14.[TIAN Mei-rong,GAO Ji-xi,SONG Guo-bao,et al.Zoning for Ecological Remediation by Dominant Ecological Function and Ecological Degradation Degree[J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment,2017,33(1):7-14.]
[11]崔艳,白中科,张继栋,等.露天矿区农用地复垦适宜性评价的方法与应用[J].农业工程学报,2008,24(增刊1):181-184.[CUI Yan,BAI Zhong-ke,ZHANG Ji-dong,et al. Methods and Application of Agricultural Land Suitability Evaluation in Open-Cast Mining Area[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2008,24(Suppl. 1):181-184.]
[12]彭玉玲,林爱文,王珂,等. GIS支持下的工矿废弃地复垦利用方案决策研究:以湖北省黄石市阳新县七约山矿区为例[J].水土保持通报,2015,35(2):297-301.[PENG Yu-ling,LIN Ai-wen,WANG Ke,et al. GIS-Based Program Decision-Making in Reclamation and Utilization of Industrial and Mining Wasteland:A Case Study at Qiyueshan Mining Area of Yangxin Country,Huangshi City,Hubei Province[J]. Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation,2015,35(2):297-301.]
[13]丁宁,金晓斌,汤小橹,等.生态位适宜度变权法在高速铁路临时用地复垦适宜性评价中的应用:以京沪高铁常州段典型制梁场为例[J].资源科学,2010,32(12):2349-2355[DING Ning,JIN Xiao-bin,TANG Xiao-lu,et al. An Application of the Variable Weight Method Based on Ecological Niche-Fitness to Reclamation Suitability Evaluation for Land Temporarily Used for High-Speed Railway Construction:A Case Study in Beijing-Shanghai High-Speed Railway Changzhou Section[J]. Resources Science,2010,32(12):2349-2355.]
[14]胡振琪,赵淑芹.中国东部丘陵矿区复垦土地利用结构优化研究[J].农业工程学报,2006,22(5):78-81.[HU Zhen-qi,ZHAO Shu-qin. Structure Optimization of the Reclaimed Land Use in the Hill Mining Area of Eastern China[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transactions of the CSAE),2006,22(5):78-81.]
[15]张紫昭,郭瑞清,周天生,等.新疆煤矿土地复垦为草地的适宜性评价方法与应用[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(11):278-286.[ZHANG Zi-zhao,GUO Rui-qing,ZHOU Tian-sheng,et al.Suitability Evaluation Method and Application for Land Reclamation to Grassland in Xinjiang Coal Mines[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transactions of the CSAE),2015,31(11):278-286.]
[16]王洁,周跃.矿区废弃地的恢复生态学研究[J].安全与环境工程,2005,12(1):5-8.[WANG Jie,ZHOU Yue. The Advance on Restoration Ecology of Discarded Land in Mining Area[J].Safety and Environmental Engineering,2005,12(1):5-8.]
[17]谢慧玮,周年兴,关健.江苏省自然遗产地生态网络的构建与优化[J].生态学报,2014,34(22):6692-6700.[XIE Hui-wei,ZHOU Nian-xing,GUAN Jian. The Construction and Optimization of Ecological Networks Based on Natural Heritage Sites in Jiangsu Province[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica,2014,34(22):6692-6700.]
[18]武剑锋,曾辉,刘雅琴.深圳地区景观生态连接度评估[J].生态学报,2008,28(4):1691-1701.[WU Jian-feng,ZENG Hui,LIU Ya-qin. Landscape Ecological Connectivity Assignment of Shenzhen City[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica,2008,28(4):1691-1701.]
[19]吴昌广,周志翔,王鹏程,等.基于最小费用模型的景观连接度评价[J].应用生态学报,2009,20(8):2042-2048.[WU Chang-guang,ZHOU Zhi-xiang,WANG Peng-cheng,et al. Evaluation of Landscape Connectivity Based on Least-Cost Model[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2009,20(8):2042-2048.]
[20]朱丽娟,刘红玉.挠力河流域丹顶鹤繁殖期生境景观连接度分析[J].生态与农村环境学报,2008,24(2):12-16,83.[ZHU Li-juan, LIU Hong-yu. Landscape Connectivity of Red-Crowned Crane Habitat During Its Breeding Season in Naoli River Basin[J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment,2008,24(2):12-16,83.]
[21]吴晶晶,栗云召,于良巨,等.黄河三角洲自然湿地景观连接度动态变化及其驱动因素分析[J].生态环境学报,2018,27(1):71-78.[WU Jing-jing,LI Yun-zhao,YU Liang-ju,et al. Dynamic Changes and Driving Factors of Landscape Connectivity for Natural Wetland in Yellow River Delta[J]. Ecology and Environmental Sciences,2018,27(1):71-78.]
[22]徐燕,孙小银,张大智,等. 1980—2015年南四湖流域景观格局及其脆弱性[J].应用生态学报,2018,29(2):635-642.[XU Yan,SUN Xiao-yin,ZHANG Da-zhi,et al. Landscape Pattern and Its Vulnerability of Nansihu Lake Basin During 1980-2015[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2018,29(2):635-642.]
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