低矮砌体结构隔震与非隔震振动台对比试验研究
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摘要
为将橡胶支座隔震技术应用到在我国村镇低矮砌体结构房屋,在室内地坪以上设置隔震层,设计和制作了隔震与非隔震结构模型试件,对其进行振动台对比试验。模型选取未设置构造柱圈梁的两层砖砌体结构,采用1/2的缩尺比例制作。通过对隔震和非隔震结构模型的动力特性、加速度反应、层间位移反应、层间剪力和结构剪重比进行对比分析,研究了低矮砌体结构隔震技术的减震效果,验证了相应构造措施的适用性。振动台试验表明:隔震结构模型在峰值加速度800gal(相当于10度设防)的地震波激励下,没有开裂和破坏,支座复位情况良好;设置隔震层可有效降低结构的自振频率,对加速度、层间位移、基底剪力的减震效果明显,在输入峰值加速度400gal的地震波时,顶层加速度减震率达67%,层间位移减小率为34%,基底剪力减震率达68%;随着地震动强度的增加,隔震结构的减震效果呈增加趋势。研究结果为低矮砌体结构民居隔震技术的应用和相关标准的编制提供参考。
In order to apply the rubber bearing based seismic isolation technology to the low-rise masonry structures in rural areas of China,a seismic isolation layer was set on the indoor floor and the isolated and non-isolated specimens for shaking table tests were designed and prepared for comparison. The 1/2 scale specimens or models were designed as twostorey masonry structure without constructional column and ring beam. The damping effect of the seismic isolation technology for low-rise masonry structure was investigated by analyzing and comparing the dynamic characteristics,acceleration response,storey drift,inter-storey shear force and shear-weight ratio of the isolated and non-isolated specimens. Furthermore,the applicability of the proposed construction measures was verified. The shaking table tests demonstrate that under the seismic wave with the peak acceleration of 800 gal,no cracks or damages occur in the isolated model,and the good restoration of bearings can be observed. Layout of the seismic isolation layer can effectively reduce the natural frequency of the model,and significantly promote the damping effects of the acceleration,storey drift and base shear. When inputting the seismic wave with the peak acceleration of 400 gal,the aseismic ratio of the acceleration of the top floor shall be 67%,the reduction of storey drift shall be 34% and the aseismic ratio of base shear shall be68%,and with the increase of intensity of ground motion,the damping effects of isolated structure become more apparent. The research results can be referred when applying the isolation technology to low-rise masonry structures and compiling relevant standards.
In order to apply the rubber bearing based seismic isolation technology to the low-rise masonry structures in rural areas of China,a seismic isolation layer was set on the indoor floor and the isolated and non-isolated specimens for shaking table tests were designed and prepared for comparison. The 1/2 scale specimens or models were designed as twostorey masonry structure without constructional column and ring beam. The damping effect of the seismic isolation technology for low-rise masonry structure was investigated by analyzing and comparing the dynamic characteristics,acceleration response,storey drift,inter-storey shear force and shear-weight ratio of the isolated and non-isolated specimens. Furthermore,the applicability of the proposed construction measures was verified. The shaking table tests demonstrate that under the seismic wave with the peak acceleration of 800 gal,no cracks or damages occur in the isolated model,and the good restoration of bearings can be observed. Layout of the seismic isolation layer can effectively reduce the natural frequency of the model,and significantly promote the damping effects of the acceleration,storey drift and base shear. When inputting the seismic wave with the peak acceleration of 400 gal,the aseismic ratio of the acceleration of the top floor shall be 67%,the reduction of storey drift shall be 34% and the aseismic ratio of base shear shall be68%,and with the increase of intensity of ground motion,the damping effects of isolated structure become more apparent. The research results can be referred when applying the isolation technology to low-rise masonry structures and compiling relevant standards.
引文
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[9]Kelly J M,Marsico M R.Stability and post-buckling behavior in nonbolted elastomeric isolators[J].Seismic Isolation and Protective Systems,2010,1(1):41-54
[10]吴忠铁,杜永峰,朱前坤.不同边界条件下叠层橡胶支座的水平刚度分析[J].建筑结构学报,2014,35(4):208-214(Wu Zhongtie,Du Yongfeng,Zhu Qiankun.Analysis of horizontal stiffness of laminated rubber bearings for different boundary conditions[J].Journal of Building Structures,2014,35(4):208-214(in Chinese))
[11]张敏政,孟庆利,裴强.叠层橡胶隔震支座的动态稳定性和力学特性研究[J].地震工程与工程振动,2002,22(5):87-91(Zhang Minzheng,Meng Qingli,Pei Qiang.Dynamic stability and mechanical behaviors of laminated rubber bearings[J].Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,2002,22(5):87-91(in Chinese))
[12]王毅红,张又超,樊琨,等.村镇砌体结构叠层橡胶支座隔震试验研究[J].工程抗震与加固改造,2014,36(2):15-20(Wang Yihong,Zhang Youchao,Fan Kun,et al.Isolation performance test of laminated rubber isolator for rural masonry structure[J].Earthquake Resistant Engineering and Retrofitting,2014,36(2):15-20(in Chinese))
[13]刘文光,周福霖,庄学真,等.柱端隔震夹层橡胶垫力学性能试验研究[J].地震工程与工程振动,1999,19(3):121-126(Liu Wenguang,Zhou Fulin,Zhuang Xuezhen,et al.Mechanic characteristics of rubber bearings in column top isolation system[J].Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,1999,19(3):121-126(in Chinese))
[14]周锡元,韩淼,曾德民,等.橡胶支座与R/C柱串联隔震系统水平刚度系数[J].振动工程学报,1999,12(2):159-165(Zhou Xiyuan,Han Miao,Zeng Demin,et al.Horizontal rigidity coefficient of the serial system of rubber bearing with column[J].Journal of Vibration Engineering,1999,12(2):159-165(in Chinese))
[15]龚健,周云,邓雪松.某摩擦摆隔震框架结构地震反应分析[J].土木工程学报,2012,45(S2):146-150(Gong Jian,Zhou Yun,Deng Xuesong.Seismic response analysis of a fpb isolated frame structure[J].China Civil Engineering Journal,2012,45(S2):146-150(in Chinese))
[2]黄金胜.云南传统民居建筑抗震加固方法的研究[D].昆明:昆明理工大学,2007(Huang Jinsheng.Study on the reinforcement of traditional resident buildings in Yunnan province[D].Kunming:Kunming University of Science and Technology,2007(in Chinese))
[3]王毅红,韩岗,卜永红,等.村镇既有砌体结构民居建筑抗震性能现状分析[J].建筑结构,2010,40(12):101-104(Wang Yihong,Han Gang,Bu Yonghong,et al.Existing research on seismic behavior of masonry structure in village buildings[J].Building Structure,2010,40(12):101-104(in Chinese))
[4]Mcvay M,Bloomquist D,Vanderlinde D,et al.Centrifuge modeling of laterally loaded pile groups in sands[J].Geotechnical Testing Journal,ASTM,1994,17(2):129-137
[5]王毅红,梁楗,张项英,等.我国生土结构研究综述[J].土木工程学报,2015,48(5):98-107(Wang Yihong,Liang Jian,Zhang Xiangying,et al.Review of raw-soil structure in China[J].China Civil Engineering Journal,2015,48(5):98-107(in Chinese))
[6]刘军,褚俊英,赵金波,等.掺和料对生土墙体材料力学性能的影响[J].建筑材料学报,2010,13(4):446-451(Liu Jun,Chu Junying,Zhao Jinbo,et al.Effect of admixures on mechanical properties of raw clay material for wall[J].Journal of Building Materials,2010,13(4):446-451(in Chinese))
[7]Gent A N.Elastic stability of rubber compression springs[J].Journal of Engineering Mechanics,1964,6(4):318-326
[8]Koh C G,Kelly J M.A simple mechanical model for electrometric bearings used in base isolation[J].Journal of Engineering Mechanics,1988,30(12):933-943
[9]Kelly J M,Marsico M R.Stability and post-buckling behavior in nonbolted elastomeric isolators[J].Seismic Isolation and Protective Systems,2010,1(1):41-54
[10]吴忠铁,杜永峰,朱前坤.不同边界条件下叠层橡胶支座的水平刚度分析[J].建筑结构学报,2014,35(4):208-214(Wu Zhongtie,Du Yongfeng,Zhu Qiankun.Analysis of horizontal stiffness of laminated rubber bearings for different boundary conditions[J].Journal of Building Structures,2014,35(4):208-214(in Chinese))
[11]张敏政,孟庆利,裴强.叠层橡胶隔震支座的动态稳定性和力学特性研究[J].地震工程与工程振动,2002,22(5):87-91(Zhang Minzheng,Meng Qingli,Pei Qiang.Dynamic stability and mechanical behaviors of laminated rubber bearings[J].Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,2002,22(5):87-91(in Chinese))
[12]王毅红,张又超,樊琨,等.村镇砌体结构叠层橡胶支座隔震试验研究[J].工程抗震与加固改造,2014,36(2):15-20(Wang Yihong,Zhang Youchao,Fan Kun,et al.Isolation performance test of laminated rubber isolator for rural masonry structure[J].Earthquake Resistant Engineering and Retrofitting,2014,36(2):15-20(in Chinese))
[13]刘文光,周福霖,庄学真,等.柱端隔震夹层橡胶垫力学性能试验研究[J].地震工程与工程振动,1999,19(3):121-126(Liu Wenguang,Zhou Fulin,Zhuang Xuezhen,et al.Mechanic characteristics of rubber bearings in column top isolation system[J].Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,1999,19(3):121-126(in Chinese))
[14]周锡元,韩淼,曾德民,等.橡胶支座与R/C柱串联隔震系统水平刚度系数[J].振动工程学报,1999,12(2):159-165(Zhou Xiyuan,Han Miao,Zeng Demin,et al.Horizontal rigidity coefficient of the serial system of rubber bearing with column[J].Journal of Vibration Engineering,1999,12(2):159-165(in Chinese))
[15]龚健,周云,邓雪松.某摩擦摆隔震框架结构地震反应分析[J].土木工程学报,2012,45(S2):146-150(Gong Jian,Zhou Yun,Deng Xuesong.Seismic response analysis of a fpb isolated frame structure[J].China Civil Engineering Journal,2012,45(S2):146-150(in Chinese))