南极普里兹湾海域夏季表层水与绕极深层水年际变化
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摘要
利用中国第27、28、29和31次南极科学考察期间在普里兹湾海域获取的水文观测数据,分析了该海域的水团分布、夏季表层水年际变化及其原因和绕极深层水涌升的年际变化特征。研究发现:第27和31航次观测到的夏季表层水的温盐范围较大;第27航次观测到的夏季表层水温度相对较高,可达1.22℃;第29航次观测期间海冰较少,夏季表层水的厚度约为50 m(73.00°E、75.50°E和67.25°S断面),第31航次观测到的夏季表层水最深达到100 m;第28和29航次观测到较为明显的绕极深层水涌升,在73.00°E断面尤为突出;观测到的绕极深层水在第28航次向上涌升到90 m,在第29航次向南延伸较远,达到67.67°S;湾内气旋性环流对绕极深层水的涌升有明显的输运作用。
Based on the hydrographic data obtained from four CHINARE(Chinese National Antarctic Research Expedition) cruises(27th, 28 th, 29 th, 31st) in Prydz Bay, we analyze the distribution of water masses, the inter-annual variation of SSW(summer surface water) and the formation mechanisms, and the inter-annual variation of the upwelling CDW(circumpolar deep water). It is found that SSW has wide ranges of temperature and salinity, especially during the cruises of 27 th and 29 th and higher temperature up to 1.22 ℃ in the 27 th cruise. Due to less sea ice cover, the area of the SSW during the 29 th cruise was much larger. While the thickness of the SSW was 50 meters(in the sections of 73°E, 75.5°E and 67.25°S) during the 29 th cruise, the depth of the SSW during the 31 st cruise was 100 meters. The upwelling of CDW is clearly depicted especially in the section of 73°E in the cruises of 28 th and 29 th. It is observed that the CDW upwells to 90 m in the cruise of 28 th and extends southward to 67.67°S in the 29 th cruise. Cyclonic circulation has great effect on the transportation of the upwelling of CDW in the bay.
Based on the hydrographic data obtained from four CHINARE(Chinese National Antarctic Research Expedition) cruises(27th, 28 th, 29 th, 31st) in Prydz Bay, we analyze the distribution of water masses, the inter-annual variation of SSW(summer surface water) and the formation mechanisms, and the inter-annual variation of the upwelling CDW(circumpolar deep water). It is found that SSW has wide ranges of temperature and salinity, especially during the cruises of 27 th and 29 th and higher temperature up to 1.22 ℃ in the 27 th cruise. Due to less sea ice cover, the area of the SSW during the 29 th cruise was much larger. While the thickness of the SSW was 50 meters(in the sections of 73°E, 75.5°E and 67.25°S) during the 29 th cruise, the depth of the SSW during the 31 st cruise was 100 meters. The upwelling of CDW is clearly depicted especially in the section of 73°E in the cruises of 28 th and 29 th. It is observed that the CDW upwells to 90 m in the cruise of 28 th and extends southward to 67.67°S in the 29 th cruise. Cyclonic circulation has great effect on the transportation of the upwelling of CDW in the bay.
引文
1乐肯堂,史久新,于康玲,等.普里兹湾区水团和环流时空变化的若干问题[J].海洋科学集刊,1998,(40):43-54.
2侍茂崇,宁修仁.普里兹湾西部海域水文特征[J].青岛海洋大学学报,1995,25(S1):277-292.
3蒲书箴,董兆乾,胡筱敏,等.普里兹湾海域的夏季上层水及其北向运动[J].极地研究,2000,12(3):157-168.
4 Middleton J H,Humphries S E.Thermohaline structure and mixing in the region of Prydz Bay,Antarctica[J].Deep Sea Research Part A.Oceanographic Research Papers,1989,36(8):1255-1266.
5蒲书箴,董兆乾.普里兹湾附近物理海洋学研究进展[J].极地研究,2003,15(1):53-64.
6贺志刚,董兆乾,胡建宇.2003年夏季东南印度洋上层海洋的水文特征[J].极地研究,2003,15(3):195-206.
7赵松鹤,陈明剑.普里兹湾水文特征与变化[J].青岛海洋大学学报,1995,(S1):250-264.
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9 Smith N R,Dong Z,Kerry K R,et al.Water masses and circulation in the region of Prydz Bay,Antarctica[J].Deep Sea Research Part A.Oceanographic Research Papers,1984,31(9):1121-1147.
10严金辉,李锐祥,侍茂崇,等.2011年1月普里兹湾埃默里冰架附近水文特征[J].极地研究,2012,24(2):101-109.
11陈红霞,林丽娜,史久新.南极普里兹湾及其邻近海域水团研究[J].海洋学报,2014,36(7):1-8.
12孙日彦.南极普里兹湾海域夏季异常表层水温及其成因[J].青岛海洋大学学报,1994,24(4):593-598.
13 Williams G D,Nicol S,Aoki S,et al.Surface oceanography of BROKE-West,along the Antarctic margin of the south-west Indian Ocean(30°E-80°E)[J].Deep Sea Research PartⅡ,2010,57(9-10):738-757.
14 Williams G D,Nicol S,Raymond B,et al.Summertime mixed layer development in the marginal sea ice zone off the Mawson coast,East Antarctica[J].Deep-Sea Research PartⅡ:Topical Studies in Oceanography,2008,55(3-4):365-576.
15 Meijers A J S,Klocker A,Bindoff N L,et al.The circulation and water masses of the Antarctic shelf and continental slope between30°E and 80°E[J].Deep-Sea Research PartⅡ:Topical Studies in Oceanography,2010,57(9-10):723-737.
16高郭平,董兆乾,侍茂崇,等.南极普里兹湾关键物理海洋学问题研究进展及未来趋势[J].上海海洋大学学报,2013,22(2):313-320.
17 Carmack E C.Water characteristics of the Southern Ocean south of Polar Front[M]//Angel M.A Voyage of Discovery.Oxford:Pergamon Press,1977:15-37.
18蒲书箴,胡筱敏,董兆乾,等.普里兹湾附近绕极深层水和底层水及其运动特征[J].海洋学报,2002,24(3):1-8.
19高郭平,董兆乾,侍茂崇.南极普里兹湾附近73°E断面水文结构及多年变化[J].中国海洋大学学报:(自然科学版),2003,33(4):493-502.
20于洪华,苏纪兰,苗育田.南极普里兹湾及其邻近海域的水文结构特征和底层水的来源[J].海洋学报,1998,20(1):11-20.
21林丽娜,陈红霞,刘娜.2013年夏季普里兹湾变性绕极深层水涌升陆架特征分析[J].海洋学报,2016,38(1):46-55.
22郑少军.海冰和冰架对南极普里兹湾海洋过程的影响研究[D].青岛:中国海洋大学,2011.
23 Yabuki T,Suga T,Hanawa K,et al.Possible source of the Antarctic bottom water in the Prydz Bay region[J].Journal of Oceanography,2006,62(5):649-655.
2侍茂崇,宁修仁.普里兹湾西部海域水文特征[J].青岛海洋大学学报,1995,25(S1):277-292.
3蒲书箴,董兆乾,胡筱敏,等.普里兹湾海域的夏季上层水及其北向运动[J].极地研究,2000,12(3):157-168.
4 Middleton J H,Humphries S E.Thermohaline structure and mixing in the region of Prydz Bay,Antarctica[J].Deep Sea Research Part A.Oceanographic Research Papers,1989,36(8):1255-1266.
5蒲书箴,董兆乾.普里兹湾附近物理海洋学研究进展[J].极地研究,2003,15(1):53-64.
6贺志刚,董兆乾,胡建宇.2003年夏季东南印度洋上层海洋的水文特征[J].极地研究,2003,15(3):195-206.
7赵松鹤,陈明剑.普里兹湾水文特征与变化[J].青岛海洋大学学报,1995,(S1):250-264.
8史久新,赵进平.中国南大洋水团、环流和海冰研究进展(1995-2002)[J].海洋科学进展,2002,20(4):116-126.
9 Smith N R,Dong Z,Kerry K R,et al.Water masses and circulation in the region of Prydz Bay,Antarctica[J].Deep Sea Research Part A.Oceanographic Research Papers,1984,31(9):1121-1147.
10严金辉,李锐祥,侍茂崇,等.2011年1月普里兹湾埃默里冰架附近水文特征[J].极地研究,2012,24(2):101-109.
11陈红霞,林丽娜,史久新.南极普里兹湾及其邻近海域水团研究[J].海洋学报,2014,36(7):1-8.
12孙日彦.南极普里兹湾海域夏季异常表层水温及其成因[J].青岛海洋大学学报,1994,24(4):593-598.
13 Williams G D,Nicol S,Aoki S,et al.Surface oceanography of BROKE-West,along the Antarctic margin of the south-west Indian Ocean(30°E-80°E)[J].Deep Sea Research PartⅡ,2010,57(9-10):738-757.
14 Williams G D,Nicol S,Raymond B,et al.Summertime mixed layer development in the marginal sea ice zone off the Mawson coast,East Antarctica[J].Deep-Sea Research PartⅡ:Topical Studies in Oceanography,2008,55(3-4):365-576.
15 Meijers A J S,Klocker A,Bindoff N L,et al.The circulation and water masses of the Antarctic shelf and continental slope between30°E and 80°E[J].Deep-Sea Research PartⅡ:Topical Studies in Oceanography,2010,57(9-10):723-737.
16高郭平,董兆乾,侍茂崇,等.南极普里兹湾关键物理海洋学问题研究进展及未来趋势[J].上海海洋大学学报,2013,22(2):313-320.
17 Carmack E C.Water characteristics of the Southern Ocean south of Polar Front[M]//Angel M.A Voyage of Discovery.Oxford:Pergamon Press,1977:15-37.
18蒲书箴,胡筱敏,董兆乾,等.普里兹湾附近绕极深层水和底层水及其运动特征[J].海洋学报,2002,24(3):1-8.
19高郭平,董兆乾,侍茂崇.南极普里兹湾附近73°E断面水文结构及多年变化[J].中国海洋大学学报:(自然科学版),2003,33(4):493-502.
20于洪华,苏纪兰,苗育田.南极普里兹湾及其邻近海域的水文结构特征和底层水的来源[J].海洋学报,1998,20(1):11-20.
21林丽娜,陈红霞,刘娜.2013年夏季普里兹湾变性绕极深层水涌升陆架特征分析[J].海洋学报,2016,38(1):46-55.
22郑少军.海冰和冰架对南极普里兹湾海洋过程的影响研究[D].青岛:中国海洋大学,2011.
23 Yabuki T,Suga T,Hanawa K,et al.Possible source of the Antarctic bottom water in the Prydz Bay region[J].Journal of Oceanography,2006,62(5):649-655.