基于有序微造型的圆弧线槽干气密封性能分析
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摘要
基于激光技术的干气密封开槽方法,提出在圆弧线槽干气密封(A-DGS)槽底开设粗糙度量级的有序微造型,以提高开槽效率、降低成本。采用有限体积法对无微造型圆弧线槽干气密封进行仿真分析,通过与现有文献对比验证了仿真方法的正确性;对微造型结构进行分析和筛选,获得偏移迎风侧与偏移背风侧结构对密封性能影响基本无差,本研究基于偏移背风侧微造型结构进行深入研究;与无微造型圆弧线槽进行对比,分析了不同几何参数和工况参数下的开启力和泄漏量变化情况;最后对各参数的影响程度进行对比分析。结果表明:同工况下,具微造型圆弧线槽干气密封(MA-DGS)的开启力较A-DGS有一定提升,在低速高压及小槽深时提升效果最好;微造型深度和微造型宽间比对干气密封开启力的影响在给定情况下甚于膜厚与转速的影响;密封端面槽型结构优化参数不受槽底微造型设计的影响;基于Taguchi实验设计方法,可以便捷准确地获得不同影响因子的影响程度,帮助工程设计。
Based on the dry gas sealing and grooving method of laser technology, it is proposed to establish an orderly micro-shape of roughness level at the bottom of the circular arc groove dry gas seal(A-DGS) to improve the grooving efficiency and reduce the cost. Simulation based on the finite volume method was validated by comparing with other researches. After analyzing and filtering, it can be known there is little difference of seal performance between the windward micro-structure and leeward micro-structure, and then the opening force and leakage with different geometry and operation parameters of A-DGS based on the leeward-structure was studied,and the influence degree of all parameters was finally obtained and analyzed by a design of experiment based on Taguchi approach. The results show that the opening force is improved by orderly micro-structure, especially under low speed, high pressure and small groove depth conditions. Under given conditions, the influence of ratio of microstructure depth and width on the opening force is greater than the film thickness and speed. The optimal parameters of arc groove structure are not affected by the micro-structure design. Based on Taguchi approach, the influence degree of different impact factors could be easily and accurately obtained, which is helpful for engineering design.
Based on the dry gas sealing and grooving method of laser technology, it is proposed to establish an orderly micro-shape of roughness level at the bottom of the circular arc groove dry gas seal(A-DGS) to improve the grooving efficiency and reduce the cost. Simulation based on the finite volume method was validated by comparing with other researches. After analyzing and filtering, it can be known there is little difference of seal performance between the windward micro-structure and leeward micro-structure, and then the opening force and leakage with different geometry and operation parameters of A-DGS based on the leeward-structure was studied,and the influence degree of all parameters was finally obtained and analyzed by a design of experiment based on Taguchi approach. The results show that the opening force is improved by orderly micro-structure, especially under low speed, high pressure and small groove depth conditions. Under given conditions, the influence of ratio of microstructure depth and width on the opening force is greater than the film thickness and speed. The optimal parameters of arc groove structure are not affected by the micro-structure design. Based on Taguchi approach, the influence degree of different impact factors could be easily and accurately obtained, which is helpful for engineering design.
引文
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[13]Ma C B,Sun J J,Wang Y,et al.On the optimum dimple depthover-diameter ratio for textured surfaces[J].Advances in Mechanical Engineering,2017,9(9):1-8.
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[16]戴伟.一种用高能激光加工干气密封螺旋槽的方法[J].石油化工设备,2013,42(4):45-48.Dai W.A split lip seal method by high energy laser[J].PertoChemical Equipment,2013,42(4):45-48.
[17]毛文元,宋鹏云,邓强国,等.干气密封螺旋槽的激光加工工艺研究[J].工程科学与技术,2018,50(5):253-262.Mao W Y,Song P Y,Deng Q G,et al.Research on laser processing technology of spiral groove for dry gas seal[J].Advanced Engineering Sciences,2018,50(5):253-262.
[18]任晓,吴承伟,周平.粗糙表面的气体密封性能研究[J].机械工程学报,2010,46(16):176-181.Ren X,Wu C W,Zhou P.Dry gas seal technology conditions[J].Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2010,46(16):176-181.
[19]马晨波,朱华,孙见君.考虑粗糙度影响的表面织构最优参数设计模型[J].华中科技大学学报(自然科学版),2011,39(8):14-18(35).Ma C B,Zhu H,Sun J J.Optimal design model of surface texture with surface roughness considered[J].J.Huazhong Univ.of Sci.&Tech.(Natural Science Edition),2011,39(8):14-18(35).
[20]Chen C Y,Chung C J,Wu B H,et al.Microstructure and lubricating property of ultra-fast laser pulse textured silicon carbide seals[J].Applied Physics A:Materials Science&Processing,2012,107(2):345-350.
[21]王建荣,顾永泉,陈弘.圆弧槽气体润滑非接触式机械封密的特性[J].流体机械,1991,(3):1-6.Wang J R,Gu Y Q,Chen H.Characteristics of arc-groove noncontact mechanical seal with gas lubrication[J].Fluid Machinery,1991,(3):1-6.
[22]王福军.计算流体动力学分析--CFD软件原理与应用[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2004.Wang F J.Computational Fluid Dynamics Analysis-Theory and Application of CFD Software[M].Beijing:Tsinghua University Press,2005.
[23]Bo R.Finite element analysis of the spiral groove gas face seal at the slow speed and the low pressure conditions slip flow consideration[J].Tribology Transactions,2000,43(3):411-418.
[24]王衍,孙见君,马晨波,等.改良圆弧线槽干气密封多参数CFD数值分析[J].中南大学学报,2014,45(6):1834-1840.Wang Y,Sun J J,Ma C B,et al.Multi parameter CFD numerical analysis of improved T-groove dry gas seal[J].Tribology,2014,45(6):1834-1840.
[25]王衍,孙见君,陶凯,等.圆弧线槽干气密封数值分析及槽型优化[J].摩擦学学报,2014,34(4):420-427.Wang Y,Sun J J,Tao K,et al.Numerical analysis of T-groove dry gas seal and groove optimization[J].Tribology,2014,34(4):420-427.
[26]Gabriel R P.Fundamentals of spiral groove non-contacting face seals[J].Lubrication Engineering,1994,50(3):215-224.
[27]Wang B,Zhang H Q,Cao H J.Flow dynamics of a spiral groove dry gas seal[J].Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2013,26(1):78-84.
[28]Maleque M A,Bello K A,Adebisi A A,et al.Optimization of tribological performance of SiC embedded composite coating via Taguchi analysis approach[C]//International Conference on Mechanical,Automotive and Aerospace Engineering.Malaysia:IOP Publishing,2017,184:1-8.
[29]Pulivarti S R,Birru A K,Department M E.Optimization of green sand mould system using Taguchi based grey relational analysis[J].China Foundry,2018,15(2):152-159.
[30]彭旭东,李纪云,盛颂恩,等.表面粗糙度对螺旋槽干式气体端面密封性能预测与结构优化的影响[J].摩擦学学报,2007,27(6):567-572.Peng X D,Li J Y,Sheng S E,et al.Effect of surface roughness on performance prediction and geometric optimization of a spiralgroove face seal[J].Tribology,2007,27(6):567-572.
[2]Patir N,Cheng H S.An average flow model for determining effects of three-dimensional roughness on partial hydrodynamic lubrication[J].Journal of Lubrication Technology,Transactions of ASME,1978,100(1):12-17.
[3]Patir N,Cheng H S.Application of average flow model to lubrication between rough sliding surfaces[J].ASME Journal of Lubrication Technology,1979,101:220-230.
[4]JB/T11289-2012.干气密封技术条件[S].北京:机械工业出版社,2012.JB/T11289-2012.Specification for dry gas seal[S].Beijing:Mechanical Industry Press,2012.
[5]冯向忠,彭旭东.表面粗糙度对螺旋槽干式气体密封性能的影响[J].润滑与密封,2006,(1):20-22.Ma X Z,Peng X D.Effect of surface roughness on performance of a spiral groove gas seal[J].Lubrication Engineering,2006,(1):20-22.
[6]Glienicke J,Luanert A,Schlums H.Non-contacting gas lubricated face seals for high PV-values[C]//NASA.Lewis Research Center,Seals Flow Code Development.US,1993:367-378
[7]Wang Y M,Wang J L,Yang H X,et al.Development of shaft sealing technology of high-speed turbo-compressors in process industries[C]//8th Asian International Conference on Fluid Machinery.Yichang,China,2005.
[8]彭旭东,李纪云,白少先,等.三维似羽毛织构底面型槽气体端面密封结构:200910102184.1[P].2009-08-20.Peng X D,Li J Y,Bai S X,et al.Three-dimensional gas end face seal with feather-like texture on the groove bottom:200910102184.1[P].2009-08-20.
[9]彭旭东,李纪云,白少先,等.三维似鱼鳞织构底面型槽流体动压型液体机械密封结构:200910101512.6[P].2009-08-06.Peng X D,Li J Y,Bai S X,et al.Three-dimensional fluid dynamic liquid mechanical seal with ichthyoid-like texture on the groove bottom:200910101512.6[P].2009-08-06.
[10]毛文元,宋鹏云,邓国强,等.螺旋槽底表面粗糙度对干气密封性能的影响[J].润滑与密封,2017,42(1):27-33.Mao W Y,Song P Y,Deng G Q,et al.Influence of surface roughness of dpiral groove bottom on dry gas seal performance[J].Lubrication Engineering,2017,42(1):27-33.
[11]Slawomir B,Andriy V Z.A parametric and dynamic analysis of non-contacting gas face seals with modified surfaces[J].Tribology International,2016,94:126-137.
[12]Ma C B,Gu W F,Tu Q A,et al.Experimental investigation on frictional property of mechanical seals with varying dimple diameter along the radial face[J].Advances in Mechanical Engineering.2016,8(8):1-9.
[13]Ma C B,Sun J J,Wang Y,et al.On the optimum dimple depthover-diameter ratio for textured surfaces[J].Advances in Mechanical Engineering,2017,9(9):1-8.
[14]Su H,Rahmani R,Rahnejat H.Performance evaluation of bidirectional dry gas seals with special groove geometry[J].Tribology Transactions,2017,60(1):58-69.
[15]Wang Y,Sun J J,Hu Q,et al.Orientation effect of orderly roughness micro structure on spiral groove dry gas seal[J].Tribology International,2018,126:97-105.
[16]戴伟.一种用高能激光加工干气密封螺旋槽的方法[J].石油化工设备,2013,42(4):45-48.Dai W.A split lip seal method by high energy laser[J].PertoChemical Equipment,2013,42(4):45-48.
[17]毛文元,宋鹏云,邓强国,等.干气密封螺旋槽的激光加工工艺研究[J].工程科学与技术,2018,50(5):253-262.Mao W Y,Song P Y,Deng Q G,et al.Research on laser processing technology of spiral groove for dry gas seal[J].Advanced Engineering Sciences,2018,50(5):253-262.
[18]任晓,吴承伟,周平.粗糙表面的气体密封性能研究[J].机械工程学报,2010,46(16):176-181.Ren X,Wu C W,Zhou P.Dry gas seal technology conditions[J].Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2010,46(16):176-181.
[19]马晨波,朱华,孙见君.考虑粗糙度影响的表面织构最优参数设计模型[J].华中科技大学学报(自然科学版),2011,39(8):14-18(35).Ma C B,Zhu H,Sun J J.Optimal design model of surface texture with surface roughness considered[J].J.Huazhong Univ.of Sci.&Tech.(Natural Science Edition),2011,39(8):14-18(35).
[20]Chen C Y,Chung C J,Wu B H,et al.Microstructure and lubricating property of ultra-fast laser pulse textured silicon carbide seals[J].Applied Physics A:Materials Science&Processing,2012,107(2):345-350.
[21]王建荣,顾永泉,陈弘.圆弧槽气体润滑非接触式机械封密的特性[J].流体机械,1991,(3):1-6.Wang J R,Gu Y Q,Chen H.Characteristics of arc-groove noncontact mechanical seal with gas lubrication[J].Fluid Machinery,1991,(3):1-6.
[22]王福军.计算流体动力学分析--CFD软件原理与应用[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2004.Wang F J.Computational Fluid Dynamics Analysis-Theory and Application of CFD Software[M].Beijing:Tsinghua University Press,2005.
[23]Bo R.Finite element analysis of the spiral groove gas face seal at the slow speed and the low pressure conditions slip flow consideration[J].Tribology Transactions,2000,43(3):411-418.
[24]王衍,孙见君,马晨波,等.改良圆弧线槽干气密封多参数CFD数值分析[J].中南大学学报,2014,45(6):1834-1840.Wang Y,Sun J J,Ma C B,et al.Multi parameter CFD numerical analysis of improved T-groove dry gas seal[J].Tribology,2014,45(6):1834-1840.
[25]王衍,孙见君,陶凯,等.圆弧线槽干气密封数值分析及槽型优化[J].摩擦学学报,2014,34(4):420-427.Wang Y,Sun J J,Tao K,et al.Numerical analysis of T-groove dry gas seal and groove optimization[J].Tribology,2014,34(4):420-427.
[26]Gabriel R P.Fundamentals of spiral groove non-contacting face seals[J].Lubrication Engineering,1994,50(3):215-224.
[27]Wang B,Zhang H Q,Cao H J.Flow dynamics of a spiral groove dry gas seal[J].Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2013,26(1):78-84.
[28]Maleque M A,Bello K A,Adebisi A A,et al.Optimization of tribological performance of SiC embedded composite coating via Taguchi analysis approach[C]//International Conference on Mechanical,Automotive and Aerospace Engineering.Malaysia:IOP Publishing,2017,184:1-8.
[29]Pulivarti S R,Birru A K,Department M E.Optimization of green sand mould system using Taguchi based grey relational analysis[J].China Foundry,2018,15(2):152-159.
[30]彭旭东,李纪云,盛颂恩,等.表面粗糙度对螺旋槽干式气体端面密封性能预测与结构优化的影响[J].摩擦学学报,2007,27(6):567-572.Peng X D,Li J Y,Sheng S E,et al.Effect of surface roughness on performance prediction and geometric optimization of a spiralgroove face seal[J].Tribology,2007,27(6):567-572.