颈椎静脉丛的解剖特点及其临床意义
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摘要
<正>脊柱全长分布有密集的静脉丛,包括位于脊柱外周的椎外静脉丛和位于椎管内的椎内静脉丛。椎外静脉丛又包括椎外前静脉丛和椎外后静脉丛;椎内静脉丛又包括椎内前静脉丛和椎内后静脉丛。颈椎周围静脉丛除了上述静脉丛外还有横突孔内静脉丛。与脊柱其它部分相比,颈椎结构复杂,病变多发,手术难度大。本文重点介绍颈椎静脉丛及其相关的临床应用,为临床准确诊断,充分术前准备和降低颈椎相关手术中出血危险提供依据。1颈椎椎外静脉丛
引文
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[2]Baird CJ,Conway JE,Sciubba DM,et al.Radiographic and anatomic basis of endoscopic anterior craniocervical decompression:a comparison of endonasal,transoral,and transcervical approaches[J].Neurosurgery,2009,65(6):158-163.
[3]Wen HT,Rhoton AL Jr,Katsuta T,et al.Microsurgical anatomy of the transcondylar,supracondylar and paracondylar extensions of the far lateral approach[J].Neurosurgery,1997,87(4):555-585.
[4]Arnautovic KI,Al-Mefty O,Pait TG,et al.The suboccipital cavernous sinus[J].Neurosurgery,1997,86(2):252-262.
[5]Caruso RD,Rosenbaum AE,Chang JK,et al.Craniocervical junction venous anatomy on enhanced MR images:the suboccipital cavernous sinus[J].AJNR Am J Neuroradiol,1999,20(6):1127-1131.
[6]Tanoue S,Kiyosue H,Sagara Y,et al.Venous structures at the craniocervical junction:anatomical variations evaluated by multidetector row CT[J].Br J Radiol,2010,83(994):831-840.
[7]Wang ZW,Wang XW,Wu H,et al.C2 dumbbell-shaped peripheral nerve sheath tumors:Surgical management and relationship with venous structures[J].Clin Neurol and Neurosurg,2016,151:96-101.
[8]Batson OV.The function of the vertebral veins and their role in the spread of metastases[J].Clin Orthop,1995,(312):4-9.
[9]盛希忠,刘作勤.枕下海绵窦的研究及其临床意义[J].医学影像学杂志,2005,15(12):1101-1103.
[10]刘宗良,邹智荣,赵严,等.上颈椎后外侧入路的应用解剖学研究[J].昆明医学院学报,2007,28(1):9-13.
[11]Goel A,Desai KI,Muzumdar DP.Atlantoaxial fixation using plateand screw method:a report of 160 treated patients[J].Neurosurgery,2002,51(6):1351-1357.
[12]Harms J,Melcher RP.Posterior C1-C2 fusion with polyaxial screw and rod fixation[J].Spine,2001,26(22):2467-2471.
[13]Duan SY,He HW,Lv SM,et al.Three-dimensional CT study on the anatomy of vertebral artery at atlantoaxial and intracranial segment[J].Surg Radiol Anat,2010,32(1):39-44.
[14]Duan SY,Lv SM,Ye F,et al.Imaging anatomy and variation of vertebral artery and bone structure at craniocervical junction[J].European Spine Journal,2009,18(8):1102-1108.
[15]马向阳,尹庆水,吴增晖,等.寰椎椎弓根与枢椎侧块关系的解剖与临床研究[J].中华骨科杂志,2004,24(5):295-298.
[16]马向阳,尹庆水,钟世镇,等.寰枢关节后部神经血管丛与寰椎椎弓根螺钉固定的解剖关系[J].中国临床解剖学杂志,2005,23(5):454-457.
[17]曾铁功,易德保,罗特坚,等.内镜引导经后路第三和四颈椎椎弓根螺钉内固定的解剖学研究[J].解剖学研究,2010,32(5):349-350.
[18]张树泉,尹若峰,吴敏飞.陈旧性创伤性椎管内脊髓硬膜外血肿急性发作1例报告及文献分析[J].中国实验诊断学,2012,16(10):1930-1932
[19]李志辉,张亦工,王彦伟,等.颈椎前路手术中出血原因分析及防治对策[J].中国骨与关节损伤杂志,2013,28(11):1044-1045
[20]刘丰,尹庆水,吴锐辉,等.颈椎前路减压与椎内静脉丛相关的应用解剖学研究[J].中国临床解剖学杂志,2008,26(3):262-264
[21]尹利强,聂新富,秦海江,等.颈椎后纵韧带和椎内前静脉丛镜下形态学及其临床意义[J].吉林大学学报:医学版,2015,41(5):986-989
[22]Magro E,Gentric JC,Talagas M,.Venous organization in the transverse foramen:dissection,histology,and magnetic resonance imaging[J].J Neurosurg,2015,123(1):118-125
[23]Burke JP,Gerszten PC,Welch WC.Iatrogenic vertebral artery injury during anterior cervical spine surgery[J].Spine J,2005,5(5):508-514.
[24]Peng CW,Chou BT,Bendo JA,et al.Vertebral artery injury in cervical spine surgery:anatomical considerations,management,and preventive measures[J].Spine J,2009,9(1):70-76.
[25]Debette S,Leys D.Cervical-artery dissections:predisposing factors,diagnosis,and outcome[J].Lancet Neurol,2009,8(7):668-678.
[26]Kim YK,Schulman S.Cervical artery dissection:pathology,epidemiology and management[J],Thromb Res,2009,123(6):810-821.
[27]Dumas JL,Stanescu R,Goldlust D,et al.Vertebral vein imaging with MR angiography[J].AJNR Am J Neuroradiol,1997,18(6):1190-1192.
[28]Leclerc X,Lucas C,Godefroy O,et al.Preliminary experience using contrast-enhanced MR angiography to assess vertebral artery structure for the follow-up of suspected dissection[J].AJNR Am J Neuroradiol,1999,20(8):1482-1490.