乳木果油的超声波辅助提取工艺优化及脂肪酸组成分析
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摘要
以乳木果核为原料对其所含油脂进行超声波辅助溶剂(正己烷)提取工艺优化及脂肪酸组成分析。在单因素试验的基础上,采用Plackett-Burman(PB)设计对影响乳木果油提取的5个因素(液料比、超声温度、超声时间、粒度、超声功率)进行筛选,根据PB试验优选结果,再以液料比和超声时间为考察因素,运用Central Composite响应面法对乳木果油的超声波辅助溶剂提取工艺进一步优化。结果表明:乳木果油的最佳提取工艺条件为液料比25. 7∶1、超声温度50℃、超声时间52min、粒度20目、超声功率320 W,在此条件下乳木果油得率为42. 36%。经分析测定乳木果油由8种脂肪酸(棕榈酸、棕榈一烯酸、硬脂酸、油酸、亚油酸、亚麻酸、花生酸、花生一烯酸)组成,其中以硬脂酸和油酸为主。乳木果油皂化值(KOH)为178 mg/g,不皂化物含量为11%。
The ultrasound-assisted solvent( n-hexane) extraction of oil from Shea kernel was optimized and the fatty acid composition of Shea butter was analyzed. On the basis of single factor experiment,five factors( liquid to material ratio,ultrasonic temperature,ultrasonic time,particle size and ultrasonic power) influencing Shea butter extraction were studied by Plackett-Burman( PB) test. According to the results of PB test,with liquid to material ratio and ultrasonic time as the investigation factors,the ultrasound-assisted solvent extraction process of Shea butter was further optimized by central composite response surface methodology. The results showed that the optimal extraction conditions of the Shea butter were obtained as follows: liquid to material ratio 25. 7 ∶ 1,ultrasonic temperature 50 ℃,ultrasonic time52 min,particle size 20 meshes and ultrasonic power 320 W. Under the optimal conditions,the yield of Shea butter was 42. 36%. The Shea butter consisted of eight kinds of fatty acids( palmitoleic acid,palmitic acid,stearic acid,oleic acid,linoleic acid,linolenic acid,arachidic acid,eicosenoic acid),in which stearic acid and oleic acid were the main fatty acid. The saponification value and content of unsaponifiable matter were 178 mgKOH/g and 11%,respectively.
The ultrasound-assisted solvent( n-hexane) extraction of oil from Shea kernel was optimized and the fatty acid composition of Shea butter was analyzed. On the basis of single factor experiment,five factors( liquid to material ratio,ultrasonic temperature,ultrasonic time,particle size and ultrasonic power) influencing Shea butter extraction were studied by Plackett-Burman( PB) test. According to the results of PB test,with liquid to material ratio and ultrasonic time as the investigation factors,the ultrasound-assisted solvent extraction process of Shea butter was further optimized by central composite response surface methodology. The results showed that the optimal extraction conditions of the Shea butter were obtained as follows: liquid to material ratio 25. 7 ∶ 1,ultrasonic temperature 50 ℃,ultrasonic time52 min,particle size 20 meshes and ultrasonic power 320 W. Under the optimal conditions,the yield of Shea butter was 42. 36%. The Shea butter consisted of eight kinds of fatty acids( palmitoleic acid,palmitic acid,stearic acid,oleic acid,linoleic acid,linolenic acid,arachidic acid,eicosenoic acid),in which stearic acid and oleic acid were the main fatty acid. The saponification value and content of unsaponifiable matter were 178 mgKOH/g and 11%,respectively.
引文
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[11]陈程,梁宇柱,张存劳,等.基于PB设计和BBD响应面法优化牡丹籽饼中油脂的超声辅助提取工艺[J].中国油脂,2018,43(2):14-18.
[12]杜双奎,于修烛,王青林,等.超声波辅助提取亚麻籽油的研究[J].中国粮油学报,2009,24(4):70-73.
[13]周琦,黄凤洪,杨湄,等.番茄籽油的挥发性成分分析[J].中国油脂,2016,41(9):46-50.
[14]周梅梅,马锦琦,苗春雨,等.牡丹籽油的理化指标和脂肪酸成分分析[J].中国油脂,2009,34(7):72-74.
[15]张亚萍,陈彦,王萌萌,等.超声辅助提取西兰花种子油及其脂肪酸组成分析[J].中国油脂,2015,40(12):18-21.
[2]吴海大.化妆品及其原料的安全性[J].日用化学品科学,2002(2):18-19.
[3]黄贤校,邹彦平,高媛媛,等.乳木果液油中生物活性物质提取工艺的研究[J].中国油脂,2015,40(4):69-73.
[4]陈培丰.乳木果油在化妆品中的应用[J].福建轻纺,2003(12):1-4.
[5]陈培丰.清洗型护发素研制探讨[J].福建轻纺,2007(4):1-4.
[6]凌夫.乳木果油在化妆品中的应用[J].中国化妆品:专业版,2004(6):86-87
[7]杜雨,李晓楠.化妆品用天然植物油脂[J].日用化学品科学,2010,33(2):42-45.
[8]金俊,PEMBE Warda Mwinyi,郑立友,等. 5种亟待开发的类可可脂木本油料脂肪[J].中国油脂,2017,42(4):1-7.
[9]李建林,魏冰,孟橘,等.乳木果油制取工艺及设备探讨[J].粮食与食品工业,2015,22(6):22-26.
[10]贺绍琴,张君萍,阿布力米提·伊力,等.莴苣籽油的超临界CO2萃取工艺及其脂肪酸组成分析[J].中国油脂,2015,40(1):1-5.
[11]陈程,梁宇柱,张存劳,等.基于PB设计和BBD响应面法优化牡丹籽饼中油脂的超声辅助提取工艺[J].中国油脂,2018,43(2):14-18.
[12]杜双奎,于修烛,王青林,等.超声波辅助提取亚麻籽油的研究[J].中国粮油学报,2009,24(4):70-73.
[13]周琦,黄凤洪,杨湄,等.番茄籽油的挥发性成分分析[J].中国油脂,2016,41(9):46-50.
[14]周梅梅,马锦琦,苗春雨,等.牡丹籽油的理化指标和脂肪酸成分分析[J].中国油脂,2009,34(7):72-74.
[15]张亚萍,陈彦,王萌萌,等.超声辅助提取西兰花种子油及其脂肪酸组成分析[J].中国油脂,2015,40(12):18-21.