云南引种乳木果现状及乳木果油脂肪酸组成分析
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摘要
乳木果适生于干旱或半干旱的环境,是科研及应用价值极高的木本油料植物。对引种地53年生乳木果树的生长状况及其种仁油乳木果油脂肪酸组成进行研究。结果表明:乳木果树能很好地适应云南干热河谷型生境,53年生乳木果树的平均胸径为28. 0 cm,西南坡长势最好,明显优于南坡、西坡和山顶;人工种植的乳木果树提前10年挂果,种仁含油率高于原产地,达60%;乳木果油脂肪酸组成及含量基本与原产地相同,主要为硬脂酸46. 80%、油酸42. 22%、亚油酸5. 41%。云南干热河谷型生境适合乳木果种植。
Vitellaria paradoxa C. F. Gaertn. is suitable for arid or semi-arid environments,and it is an oil tree with high scientific merit and application value. The growth condition of 53 year old V. paradoxa tree was investigated and fatty acid composition of shea butter was measured. The results showed that the V. paradoxa could be well adapt to habitat of Yunnan dry-hot valley region,and the average DBH was 28. 0 cm. The growth vigor of the tree grew on southwest slope was the best,signally better than those grew on the south slope,west slope and mountaintop. Artificially planted trees bore fruit before it's time for ten years,and the oil content in kernel was 60%,higher than the country of origin. Fatty acids composition and content of shea butter were the same as the origin,and the main ingredients were stearic acid (46. 80%),oleic acid (42. 22%),and linoleic acid (5. 41%). Yunnan dry-hot valley region was suitable for planting V. paradoxa.
Vitellaria paradoxa C. F. Gaertn. is suitable for arid or semi-arid environments,and it is an oil tree with high scientific merit and application value. The growth condition of 53 year old V. paradoxa tree was investigated and fatty acid composition of shea butter was measured. The results showed that the V. paradoxa could be well adapt to habitat of Yunnan dry-hot valley region,and the average DBH was 28. 0 cm. The growth vigor of the tree grew on southwest slope was the best,signally better than those grew on the south slope,west slope and mountaintop. Artificially planted trees bore fruit before it's time for ten years,and the oil content in kernel was 60%,higher than the country of origin. Fatty acids composition and content of shea butter were the same as the origin,and the main ingredients were stearic acid (46. 80%),oleic acid (42. 22%),and linoleic acid (5. 41%). Yunnan dry-hot valley region was suitable for planting V. paradoxa.
引文
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[15]尹丹丹,李珊珊,吴倩,等.我国6种主要木本油料作物的研究进展[J].植物学报,2018,53(1):110-125.
[2]金俊,PEMBE W M,郑立友,等.5种亟待开发的类可可脂木本油料脂肪[J].中国油脂,2017,42(4):1-7.
[3]TOM-DERY D,ELLER F,REISDORFF C,et al.Shea(Vitellaria paradoxa C.F.Gaertn.)at the crossroads:current knowledge and research gaps[J].Agroforest Syst,2017(5):1-19.
[4]黄贤校,邹彦平,高媛媛,等.乳木果液油中生物活性物质提取工艺的研究[J].中国油脂,2015,40(4):69-73.
[5]国家卫生和计划生育委员会.解读《乳木果油等10种新食品原料的公告》[J].饮料工业,2017,20(3):4-5.
[6]吴文澜,梁菊,董亚南,等.乳木果油的油脂成分分析及其体外促渗作用[J].武汉大学学报(理学版),2012,58(4):313-316.
[7]BOADU K O,ANANG M A,KYEI S K.Chemical characterization of shea butter oil soap(Butyrospermum parkii G.Don)[J].Int J Devel Sust,2017,6(10):1282-1292.
[8]李凡.乳木果脂研究初探[J].中国化妆品,2015(8):70-73.
[9]STEVEN M,WALTER K,ZEEV W,et al.Nutritional values and indigenous preferences for shea(Vitellaria paradoxa C.F.Gaertn.)fruits in African Agroforestry Parklands[J].Economic Botany,2004,58(4):588-600.
[10]AKPONA T J D,AKPONA H A,DJOSSA B A,et al.Impact of land use practices on traits and production of shea butter tree(Vitellaria paradoxa C.F.Gaertn.)in Pendjari Biosphere Reserve in Benin[J].Agroforest Syst,2015,90(4):1-9.
[11]ALEZA K,VILLAMOR G B,NYARKO B K,et al.Shea(Vitellaria paradoxa Gaertn C.F.)fruit yield assessment and management by farm households in the Atacora district of Benin[J].Plos One,2018,13(1):e0190234.
[12]邱琼,钟萍,刘际梅,等.乳木油果的引种适应性评价[J].山东林业科技,2017,47(5):39-41.
[13]ABOABA S,AKANDE A,FLAMINI G.Chemical composition and toxicity of essential oil of Vitellaria paradoxa(C.F.Gaertn.)from Nigeria[J].J Essent Oil Bear Plants,2014,17(1):126-130.
[14]SU M H,SHIH M C,LIN K H.Chemical composition of seed oils in native Taiwanese Camellia species[J].Food Chem,2014,156(3):369-373.
[15]尹丹丹,李珊珊,吴倩,等.我国6种主要木本油料作物的研究进展[J].植物学报,2018,53(1):110-125.