基于叠加原理的隧道爆破近区振动规律研究
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摘要
为了改善隧道近区振动强度预测的准确性,以线性叠加理论的假设条件为基础,建立了符合现场实际的隧道近区振速计算模型。以北京兴延高速公道浇花峪右线隧道,里程为YK28+190到YK28+354范围内实测数据验证模型的可行性,并对隧道近区振动规律进行研究。研究表明:(1)基于波形叠加的爆破振动预测模型适用于隧道近区振动预测;(2)随着单孔装药量的增加,平行于掌子面的隧道截面上能量密度增加,振速等值线的强度增大,轮廓形态出现变化,中心测线振速的增长幅度大于两边,在爆破近区这种现象尤为明显;隧道已开挖区垂直掌子面的测线方向上,随着离爆源的距离增加,振速的衰减速度逐渐变小。(3)随掏槽孔孔数目的增多,相同数值的等值线外移,且等值线逐渐平缓;平行于掌子面的隧道截面上,振速的增加幅度逐渐减小。
In order to improve the correctness of vibration intensity prediction in a tunnel's fieldnear blasting,a calculation model for the vibration velocity of the field was established based on the assumption of the linear superposition theory. Based on the measured vibration data in Beijing's Xing-yan highway tunnel within the mileage range of YK28 +190 to YK28 + 354,the feasibility of the calculation model was verified,the vibration law of the tunnel 's field near blasting was studied. The results showedthat(1) the blasting vibration prediction model based on the waveform superposition is suitable for the near field vibration prediction;(2) in the direction of the tunnel cross-section parallel to the tunnel face,with increase in a single-hole charge,the energy density of each tunnel cross-section increases,the intensity of vibration velocity contour sincreases; the vibration velocity growing rate of the central measuring line is larger than those of both sides,this phenomenon is specially obvious in blasting near area; on the measuring line perpendicular to the tunnel face,the vibration velocity attenuation speed decreases gradually with increase in the distance from blasting source;(3)with increase in the number of cut holes,the vibration velocity contours shift outwards and become flat gradually; in the direction of the tunnel cross-section parallel to the tunnel face,the vibration velocity growing rate decreases gradually.
In order to improve the correctness of vibration intensity prediction in a tunnel's fieldnear blasting,a calculation model for the vibration velocity of the field was established based on the assumption of the linear superposition theory. Based on the measured vibration data in Beijing's Xing-yan highway tunnel within the mileage range of YK28 +190 to YK28 + 354,the feasibility of the calculation model was verified,the vibration law of the tunnel 's field near blasting was studied. The results showedthat(1) the blasting vibration prediction model based on the waveform superposition is suitable for the near field vibration prediction;(2) in the direction of the tunnel cross-section parallel to the tunnel face,with increase in a single-hole charge,the energy density of each tunnel cross-section increases,the intensity of vibration velocity contour sincreases; the vibration velocity growing rate of the central measuring line is larger than those of both sides,this phenomenon is specially obvious in blasting near area; on the measuring line perpendicular to the tunnel face,the vibration velocity attenuation speed decreases gradually with increase in the distance from blasting source;(3)with increase in the number of cut holes,the vibration velocity contours shift outwards and become flat gradually; in the direction of the tunnel cross-section parallel to the tunnel face,the vibration velocity growing rate decreases gradually.
引文
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[12]薛孔宽,唐光荣,曹恒安,等.分段微差爆破地震效应的叠加分析[J].爆破,1990,3(2):67-71.XUE Kongkuan,TANG Guangrong,CAO Hengan,et al.Segmented overlay analysis of differential blasting seismic effect[J].Blasting,1990,3(2):67-71.
[13]卢文波.爆源中远区的爆破振动场模拟[J].爆破,1996,13(3):8-11.LU Wenbo.A simulation of blasting vibration in middle and far field of explosion source[J].Blasting,1996,13(3):8-11.
[14]徐全军,毛志远,张庆,等.深孔微差爆破振动预报浅析[J].爆炸与冲击,1998,18(2):182-186.XU Quanjun,MAO Zhiyuan,ZHANG Qing,et al.Deep hole millisecond blasting vibration prediction analyses[J].Explosion and Shock Waves,1998,18(2):182-186.
[15]龚敏,吴昊骏,孟祥栋,等.密集建筑物下隧道开挖微振控制爆破方法与振动分析[J].爆炸与冲击,2015,35(3):350-358.GONG Min,WU Haojun,MENG Xiangdong,et al.A precisely-controlled blasting for tunnel excavation method and vibration analysis under dense buildings[J].Explosion and Shock Waves,2015,35(3):350-358.
[16]张在晨,林从谋,黄志波,等.隧道爆破近区振动的预测方法[J].爆炸与冲击,2014,34(3):367-372.ZHANG Zaichen,LIN Congmou,HUANG Zhibo,et al.Prediction of blasting vibration of area near tunnel blasting source[J].Explosion and Shock Waves,2014,34(3):367-372.
[17]李保珍.露天深孔爆破地震效应的研究[J].长沙矿山研究院季刊,1989,9(4):84-94.LI Baozhen.The study of deep hole blasting seismic effect in the open air[J].Changsha Mining Research Institute Quarterly,1989,9(4):84-94.
[18]杨年华.爆破振动理论与测控技术[M].北京:中国铁道出版社,2014:48.
[19]HIZEN K G.Modelling of blast vibrations[J].Rock Mech.Min.Sci.&Geomech,1988,25(6):439-445.
[2]陈庆,王宏图,胡国忠,等.隧道开挖施工的爆破振动监测与控制技术[J].岩土力学,2005,26(6):964-967.CHEN Qing,WANG Hongtu,HU Guozhong,et al.Monitoring and controlling technology for blastingvibration induced by tunnel excavation[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2005,26(6):964-967.
[3]刘玉山,陈建平.大轩岭小净距隧道爆破振动监测与分析[J].爆破,2008,25(2):92-94.LIU Yushan,CHEN Jianping.Monitoring and analysis of blasting vibration in da xuanling tunnel with small clear space[J].Blasting,2008,25(2):92-94.
[4]傅洪贤,赵勇,谢晋水,等.隧道爆破近区爆破振动测试研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2011,30(2):335-340.FU Hongxian,ZHAO Yong,XIE Jinshui,et al.Study of blasting vibration test of area near tunnel blasting source[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2011,30(2):335-340.
[5]YANG G L,ROCQUE P,BAWDEN W F,et al.Measyrement and analysis of near-field blast vibration and damage[J].Geotechnical and Geological Engineering,1994,12(2):169-182.
[6]钟光复.岩石、混凝土介质中爆破近区破坏规律的研究[D].合肥:中国科学技术大学,2006.
[7]ANDERSON D.A.Amethod site-specific prediction and control of ground vibration fromblasting[J].Proc.1st Symp.On Explosives and Blasting Research,1985:28-42.
[8]HIZEN K G.Modelling of blast vibrations[J].Rock Mech.Min.Sci.&Geomech,1988,25(6):439-445.
[9]WHEELER R M.Controlling blast vibration effects with on-site analysis of single hole signatures“Anewapproach”[J].Proc.5thSymp.On Explosive and Blasting Researeh,1989:123-134.
[10]RHOLL S A.Computer simulation to determine the effect of firing time scatter[J].Pro.18thconf.Explosives and Blasting Techniques,1999:213-222.
[11]BLAIR D P.Blast vibration controlling the presence of delay scatter and random fluctu-actions between blast holes[J].Int.J.Numer.Anal.Method Geomeeh,1993,19(2):95-118.
[12]薛孔宽,唐光荣,曹恒安,等.分段微差爆破地震效应的叠加分析[J].爆破,1990,3(2):67-71.XUE Kongkuan,TANG Guangrong,CAO Hengan,et al.Segmented overlay analysis of differential blasting seismic effect[J].Blasting,1990,3(2):67-71.
[13]卢文波.爆源中远区的爆破振动场模拟[J].爆破,1996,13(3):8-11.LU Wenbo.A simulation of blasting vibration in middle and far field of explosion source[J].Blasting,1996,13(3):8-11.
[14]徐全军,毛志远,张庆,等.深孔微差爆破振动预报浅析[J].爆炸与冲击,1998,18(2):182-186.XU Quanjun,MAO Zhiyuan,ZHANG Qing,et al.Deep hole millisecond blasting vibration prediction analyses[J].Explosion and Shock Waves,1998,18(2):182-186.
[15]龚敏,吴昊骏,孟祥栋,等.密集建筑物下隧道开挖微振控制爆破方法与振动分析[J].爆炸与冲击,2015,35(3):350-358.GONG Min,WU Haojun,MENG Xiangdong,et al.A precisely-controlled blasting for tunnel excavation method and vibration analysis under dense buildings[J].Explosion and Shock Waves,2015,35(3):350-358.
[16]张在晨,林从谋,黄志波,等.隧道爆破近区振动的预测方法[J].爆炸与冲击,2014,34(3):367-372.ZHANG Zaichen,LIN Congmou,HUANG Zhibo,et al.Prediction of blasting vibration of area near tunnel blasting source[J].Explosion and Shock Waves,2014,34(3):367-372.
[17]李保珍.露天深孔爆破地震效应的研究[J].长沙矿山研究院季刊,1989,9(4):84-94.LI Baozhen.The study of deep hole blasting seismic effect in the open air[J].Changsha Mining Research Institute Quarterly,1989,9(4):84-94.
[18]杨年华.爆破振动理论与测控技术[M].北京:中国铁道出版社,2014:48.
[19]HIZEN K G.Modelling of blast vibrations[J].Rock Mech.Min.Sci.&Geomech,1988,25(6):439-445.