空气过滤用电纺聚偏氟乙烯-聚丙烯腈/熔喷聚丙烯无纺布复合材料的制备及过滤性能
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摘要
为开发高效低阻的空气过滤材料,采用静电纺丝技术制备了聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)-聚丙烯腈(PAN)复合纳米纤维,并与聚丙烯熔喷非织造布复合制得高效复合过滤材料,研究了PVDF与PAN的质量比对溶液性质、表面形貌、比表面积、透气性和过滤性能的影响。结果表明,当PVDF与PAN质量比为3∶5时,其溶液可纺性最好,所得纤维直径均匀,约为0.59μm;利用BET比表面积分析仪测试可得其比表面积约为PVDF与PAN质量比为2∶1时的两倍;利用滤料测试仪对PVDF-PAN/熔喷聚丙烯(PP)无纺布复合滤材的过滤性能进行测试,结果表明,静电纺PVDF-PAN纳米纤维层可显著提高聚丙烯熔喷非织造布的过滤性能,PVDF-PAN/熔喷PP无纺布过滤效率可达99.95%,明显高于熔喷无纺布的过滤效率(65%),过滤阻力为77 mmH2O (1 mmH2O=9.8Pa),过滤品质因子达0.0987,远高于熔喷无纺布的过滤品质因子0.0168,过滤效果得到显著提升。
The high filtration efficiency and low flow resistance of air filtration materials were successfully prepared by composing electrospinning poly(vinylidene fluoride)(PVDF)-polyacrylonitrile(PAN)nanofibers with polypropylene(PP)melt-blown nonwoven.The influence of the PVDF to PAN mass ratio on the solution properties,morphology,specific surface area and filtration properties were investigated.The results show that when the PVDF to PAN mass ratio is 3∶5,the solution has excellent spinnability and the well-distributed nanofibers with mean diameter of 0.59μm can be formed.BET test result shows that it goes for nearly double the specific surface area when PVDF to PAN mass ratio decreases from 2∶1 to 3∶5.Besides,the filtration efficient and resistance determined by TSI 8130 filter were tested.Results reveal that electrospinning PVDF-PAN nanofibers can significantly improve the filtration performance of polypropylene melt-blown nonwovens,the filtration efficiency of PVDF-PAN/melt-blown PP nonwoven reaches to 99.95%,significantly higher than that of melt-blown nonwoven with 65%,the filtration resistance is 77 mm H2 O(1 mm H2 O=9.8 Pa),the filter quality factor reaches 0.0987,which is more higher than0.0168 of melt-blow nonwoven.The filtration properties significantly enhance by composing electrosping PVDFPAN nanofiber with melt-blow nonwoven.
The high filtration efficiency and low flow resistance of air filtration materials were successfully prepared by composing electrospinning poly(vinylidene fluoride)(PVDF)-polyacrylonitrile(PAN)nanofibers with polypropylene(PP)melt-blown nonwoven.The influence of the PVDF to PAN mass ratio on the solution properties,morphology,specific surface area and filtration properties were investigated.The results show that when the PVDF to PAN mass ratio is 3∶5,the solution has excellent spinnability and the well-distributed nanofibers with mean diameter of 0.59μm can be formed.BET test result shows that it goes for nearly double the specific surface area when PVDF to PAN mass ratio decreases from 2∶1 to 3∶5.Besides,the filtration efficient and resistance determined by TSI 8130 filter were tested.Results reveal that electrospinning PVDF-PAN nanofibers can significantly improve the filtration performance of polypropylene melt-blown nonwovens,the filtration efficiency of PVDF-PAN/melt-blown PP nonwoven reaches to 99.95%,significantly higher than that of melt-blown nonwoven with 65%,the filtration resistance is 77 mm H2 O(1 mm H2 O=9.8 Pa),the filter quality factor reaches 0.0987,which is more higher than0.0168 of melt-blow nonwoven.The filtration properties significantly enhance by composing electrosping PVDFPAN nanofiber with melt-blow nonwoven.
引文
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[14]彭淑静,梁银峥.PVDF/SiO2复合纤维膜的制备及电化学性能[J].绝缘材料,2015,48(6):13-17.PENG S J,LIANG Y Z.Preparation and electrochemical properties of PVDF/SiO2composite fibrous membranes[J].Insulating Materials,2015,48(6):13-17(in Chinese).
[15] HAO J,LEI G,LI Z,et al.A novel polyethylene terephthalate nonwoven separator based on electrospinning technique for lithium ion battery[J].Journal of Membrance Science,2013,428:11-16.
[16] KONG L Y,GREGORY R Z.Role of molecular entanglements in starch fiber formation by electrospinning[J].Biomacromolecules,2012,13(8):2247-2253.
[17] HUANG C B,CHEN S L,RENEKER D H,et al.Highstrength mats from electrospun poly(p-phenylene biphenyltetracarboximide)nanafibers[J]. Advanced Materials,2006,18(5):668-671.
[18]于伟利,董相廷,王进贤,等.静电纺丝技术制备PVP纳米纤维与表征[J].长春理工大学学报(自然科学版),2007,30(4):10-14.YU W L,DONG X T,WANG J X,et al.Fabrication and characterization of PVP nanofibers via electroapinning technique[J].Journal of Changchun University of Science and Technology(Natural Science Edition),2007,30(4):10-14(in Chinese).
[19]曹盛光,胡炳环,刘海清.静电纺制备纳米孔结构聚乳酸(PLLA)超细纤维[J].高分子学报,2010,1(10):1193-1198.CAO S G,HU B H,LIU H Q.Fabrication of nano-porous structured polylactide(PLLA)fibers through electrospinning[J].Acta Polymerica Sinica,2010,1(10):1193-1198(in Chinese).
[20] AMIT R,HARSHVARDHAN S.Pore size distribution of hybrid nonwoven geotextiles[J].Geotextiles and Geomembranes,2011,29(3):363-367.
[21] HUA T,LI Y Y,ZHAO X L,et al.Stable low resistance air filter under high humidity endowed by selfemission farinfrared for effective PM2.5capture[J].Composites Communications,2017,6:29-33.
[22] QIN X H,WANG S Y.Filtration properties of electrospinning nanofibers[J].Journal of Applied Polymer Science,2006,102(2):1285-1290.
[23] GAO H C,YANG Y Q,AKAMPUMUZA O,et al.A low filtration resistance three-dimensional composite membrane fabricated via free surface electrospinning for effective PM2.5capture[J].Environmental Science Nano,2017,4:864-875.
[2] YIN G B,ZHAO Q,ZHAO Y H,et al.The electrospun polyamide 6nanofiber membranes used as high efficiency filter materials:Filtration potential,thermal treatment,and their continuous production[J].Journal Applied Polymer Science,2013,128(2):1061-1069.
[3] MEI Y,WANG Z,LI X.Improving filtration performance of electrospun nanofiber mats by a bimodal method[J].Journal Applied Polymer Science,2013,128(2):1089-1094.
[4] SAMBAR W,ZATLOUKAL M,KIMMER D.3Dmodeling of filtration process via polyurethane nanofiber based nonwoven filters prepared by electrospinning process[J].Chemical Engineering Science,2011,66(4):613-623.
[5]张红涛,胡昊,顾波,等.聚偏氟乙烯-沸石复合锂电隔膜的制备及性能[J].复合材料学报,2017,34(3):625-631.ZHANG H T,HU H,GU B,et al.Preparation and performances of PVDF-zeolite composite separator for lithiumion batteries[J].Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica,2017,34(3):625-631(in Chinese).
[6] WANG Y S,YAO L,WANG L L,et al.Mechanism for the formation of the January 2013heavy haze pollution episode over central and eastern China[J].Science China Earth Science,2014,57(1):14-25.
[7]王春红,贺文婷,王瑞.利用静电纺丝技术制备纳米黏土/聚乳酸复合纳米纤维与其表征[J].复合材料学报,2015,32(2):378-384.WANG C H,HE W T,WANG R.Preparation and characterization of nanoclay/polyactidecomposite nanofibers via electro-spinning technique[J].Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica,2015,32(2):378-384(in Chinese).
[8]赵剑蒙.锂离子电池用PVDF/PMMA静电纺复合隔膜的制备与改性研究[D].上海:东华大学,2014.ZHAO J M.Fabrication and modification of electrospun PVDF/PMMA composite membrane as Lithium-ion battery separator[D].Shanghai:Donghua University,2014(in Chinese).
[9]蒋淑东,廖师琴,魏取福.静电纺PVDF/SiO2原位复合隔膜的研究[J].化学新型材料,2011,39(10):18-50.JIANG S D,LIAO S Q,WEI Q F,et al.Study on electrospun polyvinylidene fluoride in situ SiO2composite membrane[J].New Chemical Materials,2011,39(10):18-50(in Chinese).
[10]漆东岳,刘延波,马营,等.PAN-PVDF复合增强静电纺锂离子电池隔膜[J].电源技术,2014,12:2231-2238.QI D Y,LIU Y B,MA Y,et al.Enhanced electrospun PAN-PVDF composite membrane for Li-ion battery[J].Chinese Journal of Power Sources,2014,38(12):2231-2238(in Chinese).
[11]李春艳.PVDF电纺纤维膜的成型及其性能研究[D].广州:华南理工大学,2014.LI C Y.The forming and properties of electrospun PVDF fiber membrane[D].Guangzhou:South China University of Technology,2014(in Chinese).
[12] TEOH M M,CHUNG T S.Membrane distillation with hydrophobic macrovoid-free PVDF-PTFE hollow fiber membranes[J].Separation and Purification Technology,2009,66(2):229-236.
[13]王志英,李建林,吴晓君,等.双凝固浴法制备高度疏水PVDF杂化微孔膜[J].天津工业大学学报,2013,32(3):8-13.WANG Z Y,LI J L,WU X J,et al.Fabrication of a high hydrophobic PVDF hybridized microporous membrane by dual-bath coagulation[J].Journal of Tianjin Polytechnic University,2013,32(3):8-13(in Chinese).
[14]彭淑静,梁银峥.PVDF/SiO2复合纤维膜的制备及电化学性能[J].绝缘材料,2015,48(6):13-17.PENG S J,LIANG Y Z.Preparation and electrochemical properties of PVDF/SiO2composite fibrous membranes[J].Insulating Materials,2015,48(6):13-17(in Chinese).
[15] HAO J,LEI G,LI Z,et al.A novel polyethylene terephthalate nonwoven separator based on electrospinning technique for lithium ion battery[J].Journal of Membrance Science,2013,428:11-16.
[16] KONG L Y,GREGORY R Z.Role of molecular entanglements in starch fiber formation by electrospinning[J].Biomacromolecules,2012,13(8):2247-2253.
[17] HUANG C B,CHEN S L,RENEKER D H,et al.Highstrength mats from electrospun poly(p-phenylene biphenyltetracarboximide)nanafibers[J]. Advanced Materials,2006,18(5):668-671.
[18]于伟利,董相廷,王进贤,等.静电纺丝技术制备PVP纳米纤维与表征[J].长春理工大学学报(自然科学版),2007,30(4):10-14.YU W L,DONG X T,WANG J X,et al.Fabrication and characterization of PVP nanofibers via electroapinning technique[J].Journal of Changchun University of Science and Technology(Natural Science Edition),2007,30(4):10-14(in Chinese).
[19]曹盛光,胡炳环,刘海清.静电纺制备纳米孔结构聚乳酸(PLLA)超细纤维[J].高分子学报,2010,1(10):1193-1198.CAO S G,HU B H,LIU H Q.Fabrication of nano-porous structured polylactide(PLLA)fibers through electrospinning[J].Acta Polymerica Sinica,2010,1(10):1193-1198(in Chinese).
[20] AMIT R,HARSHVARDHAN S.Pore size distribution of hybrid nonwoven geotextiles[J].Geotextiles and Geomembranes,2011,29(3):363-367.
[21] HUA T,LI Y Y,ZHAO X L,et al.Stable low resistance air filter under high humidity endowed by selfemission farinfrared for effective PM2.5capture[J].Composites Communications,2017,6:29-33.
[22] QIN X H,WANG S Y.Filtration properties of electrospinning nanofibers[J].Journal of Applied Polymer Science,2006,102(2):1285-1290.
[23] GAO H C,YANG Y Q,AKAMPUMUZA O,et al.A low filtration resistance three-dimensional composite membrane fabricated via free surface electrospinning for effective PM2.5capture[J].Environmental Science Nano,2017,4:864-875.