城市吸毒群体的社会风险与防范——基于N省789名强制戒毒人员的调查分析
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摘要
随着城市化的深入推进,城市经济社会结构迅速变迁,城市社会产生了一批边缘群体。他们既在精神心理上处于被边缘化的位置,还给城市社会带来各种潜在的风险,影响城市的安全与可持续发展。基于N省789名城市吸毒人员的问卷调查显示:城市吸毒群体呈现年轻化、文化程度偏低、流动人口多的特征,并且容易造成人身伤害与社会地位下降等两类风险;城市吸毒群体在行为和风险上存在群体差异,流动人口吸毒主要是为宣泄压力,城市人口则倾向于寻求刺激,流动人口比城市人口具有更高的风险;政府、社区、家庭的社会支持对吸毒群体社会风险的阻断具有显著作用,但是整合性的风险阻断措施尚未出台。应当搭建多元主体的风险防范平台,针对吸毒群体类型差异施策,加强就业指导和服务,完善心理建设工作,从而降低吸毒群体对城市造成社会风险的可能。
With the deepening of urbanization, the urban economic and social structure has changed rapidly, and urban society has produced a number of marginal groups. They are mentally psychologically marginalized, and bring various potential risks to urban society, affecting the safety and sustainable development of cities. Based on the questionnaire survey of 789 urban drug samples in N provinces, urban drug users are characterized by younger, less educated and more mobile populations, and are more likely to cause two types of risks: personal injury and social status decline; There are group differences in risk and risk. The mobile population is mainly for venting pressure, the urban population tends to seek stimuli, and the floating population has higher risks than the urban population. The social support of the government, the community and the family hinders the social risks of the drug users. Disruption has a significant role, but integrated risk-blocking measures have not yet been introduced. We should build a risk prevention platform for multiple entities, aim at different types of drug-using groups, strengthen employment guidance and services, and improve psychological construction, thus reducing the potential for drug users to cause social risks to cities.
With the deepening of urbanization, the urban economic and social structure has changed rapidly, and urban society has produced a number of marginal groups. They are mentally psychologically marginalized, and bring various potential risks to urban society, affecting the safety and sustainable development of cities. Based on the questionnaire survey of 789 urban drug samples in N provinces, urban drug users are characterized by younger, less educated and more mobile populations, and are more likely to cause two types of risks: personal injury and social status decline; There are group differences in risk and risk. The mobile population is mainly for venting pressure, the urban population tends to seek stimuli, and the floating population has higher risks than the urban population. The social support of the government, the community and the family hinders the social risks of the drug users. Disruption has a significant role, but integrated risk-blocking measures have not yet been introduced. We should build a risk prevention platform for multiple entities, aim at different types of drug-using groups, strengthen employment guidance and services, and improve psychological construction, thus reducing the potential for drug users to cause social risks to cities.
引文
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[2]Jr R M, Lee M T, Nielsen A L. SegmentedAssimilation, Local Context and Determinants ofDrug Violence in Miami and San Diego:DoesEthnicity and Immigration Matter?[J]. InternationalMigration Review, 2004(1):131-157.
[3]石扬.国家禁毒办公布《2017中国禁毒报告》[EB/OL].http://www.nncc626.com/2017-03/23/c_129516372.htm,2017-03-23.
[4]杨金科,肖玉琴,杨波.暴力犯攻击行为与焦虑的关系:CU特质的调节作用[J].心理与行为研究,2015(2):283-288.
[5]Loudin J L, Loukas A, Robinson S. Relationalaggression in college students:Examining the rolesof social anxiety and empathy[J]. AggressiveBehavior, 2003(5):430-439.
[6]夏国美,杨秀石,李骏,等.新型毒品滥用的成因与后果[J].社会科学,2009(3):73-81.
[7]Elbassel N, Gilbert L, Wu E, et al. Relationshipbetween drug abuse and intimate partner violence:a longitudinal study among women receivingmethadone[J]. American Journal of Public Health,2005(3):465-470.
[8]骆华松,莫国芳,吴瑛.流动人口高危行为的理论分析[J].思想战线,2002(2):114-116.
[9]韩丹.城市吸毒人群吸毒行为成因的个案研究:以南京市为例[J].中国青年研究,2008(12):68-72.
[10]宋克侠,闫玉秋,李遵清.人文关怀式健康教育在吸毒者中的康复作用[J].中国药物滥用防治杂志, 2006(3):158-161.
[11]王玮,肇恒伟,李晨,等.辽宁省甲基苯丙胺成瘾者暴力攻击行为影响因素分析[J].中国公共卫生,2017(5):810-814.