论有意识的知识溢出对产业集群创新绩效的促进机制——基于集群衍生的视角
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摘要
文章考察了集群企业基于知识溢出的合作创新带来的共同收益问题,认为集群情境不仅存在着主动的和有目的的知识溢出活动,而且这类知识溢出对集群的创新绩效具有独特的影响机制。文章将样本范围锁定以"创新型企业"为核心形成的产业集群,选择向科技部等国家部委在2008～2012年颁布的五批次"创新型企业"发放调研问卷,在综合考虑行业特征、部分企业的特殊性和数据可获得性的基础上,最终收集和筛选了275份有效样本,并建立结构方程模型,用于验证以创新型企业为核心的产业集群,通过企业衍生和技术衍生活动对集群创新绩效产生促进作用,以揭示产业集群中有意识的知识溢出对创新绩效影响的过程。最后,依据实证结果对产业集群整体创新活动予以管理启示,提出相关政策建议。
In recent years, the influence of knowledge spillover among cluster enterprises on the innovation performance has become a hot topic in the field of cluster innovation. This article reviews the unique context of cluster. It believes that it has two aspects of positive and negative effect when standing in the different starting points of knowledge overflow. The effect of active and purposeful knowledge spillover on cluster innovation performance has a unique mechanism. Our samples are focused on "innovative enterprise" as the core of industrial cluster. It chose five batches of "innovative companies" list of survey questionnaire released in 2008-2012 by the Ministry of Science and Technology National Ministries and other commissions, and in consideration of the particular industry characteristics, it has established a structural equation model with 275 effective samples collected and screened at last. It demonstrates the process how the conscious knowledge spillover has its effect on innovation performance in the industrial cluster. Finally, this paper puts forward some management enlightenment and policy suggestions for industrial cluster innovation activity based on the empirical results.
In recent years, the influence of knowledge spillover among cluster enterprises on the innovation performance has become a hot topic in the field of cluster innovation. This article reviews the unique context of cluster. It believes that it has two aspects of positive and negative effect when standing in the different starting points of knowledge overflow. The effect of active and purposeful knowledge spillover on cluster innovation performance has a unique mechanism. Our samples are focused on "innovative enterprise" as the core of industrial cluster. It chose five batches of "innovative companies" list of survey questionnaire released in 2008-2012 by the Ministry of Science and Technology National Ministries and other commissions, and in consideration of the particular industry characteristics, it has established a structural equation model with 275 effective samples collected and screened at last. It demonstrates the process how the conscious knowledge spillover has its effect on innovation performance in the industrial cluster. Finally, this paper puts forward some management enlightenment and policy suggestions for industrial cluster innovation activity based on the empirical results.
引文
① 杨皎平、侯楠、王乐:《集群内知识溢出、知识势能与集群创新绩效》,《管理工程学报》2016年第3期。
(1)蔡惠芬、张建三、魏大鹏:《丰田供应商关系战略的演变》,《商业时代》2006年第24期。
(2)P.P.Combes,G.Duranton,“Labour Pooling,Labour Poaching,and Spatial Clustering,” Regional Science & Urban Economics 36.1 (2001):1-28.
(3)H.Gersbach,A.Schmutzler,“Endogenous Technological Spillovers:Causes and Consequences,” Journal of Economics & Management Strategy 12.2 (2003):179-205.
(4)高雪莲:《产业集群衍生效应的若干理论问题探讨——以高科技产业集群为例》,《云南师范大学学报》(哲学社会科学版)2008年第4期。
(5)马力、臧旭恒:《企业衍生:高技术产业集群成长的动力》,《现代经济探讨》2012年第4期。
(6)G.G.Bell,A.Zaheer,“Benefiting from Network Position:Firm Capabilities,Structural Holes,and Performance,” Strategic Management Journal 26.9 (2005):809-825.
(7)P.P.Combes,G.Duranton,“Labour Pooling,Labour Poaching,and Spatial Clustering,” Regional Science & Urban Economics 36.1 (2001):1-28.
(8)H.Gersbach,A.Schmutzler,“Endogenous Technological Spillovers:Causes and Consequences,” Journal of Economics & Management Strategy 12.2 (2003):179-205.
(9)H.Gersbach,A.Schmutzler,“Endogenous Technological Spillovers:Causes and Consequences,” Journal of Economics & Management Strategy 12.2 (2003):179-205.
(10)C.Fershtman,& N.Gandal,“Direct and Indirect Knowledge Spillovers:the “Social Network” of Open-source Projects,” The RAND Journal of Economics 42.1 (2011):70-91.
(11)李卫国、钟书华:《创新集群绩效评价:以欧洲IT集群为例》,《科技与经济》2010年第3期。
(12)王明华、高勇:《企业集群知识溢出对创新的影响》,《工业技术经济》2009年第12期。
(13)Feldman,P.Maryann,“The New Economics of Innovation,Spillovers and Agglomeration:A Review of Empirical Studies,” Economics of Innovation & New Technology 8.1-2 (1999):5-25.
(14)陈福娣:《产业集群内知识溢出的途径、效应与对策分析》,《商业经济研究》2014年第13期。
(15)宋霞:《美国硅谷开发史》,《比较开发史》2002年第3期。
(16)S.Kristiansen,“Social Networks and Business Success:The Role of Subcultures in an African Context,” American Journal of Economics & Sociology 63.5 (2004):1149-1171.
(17)杨勇、周勤:《集群网络、知识溢出和企业家精神——基于美国高科技产业集群的证据》,《管理工程学报》2013年第2期。
(18)L.G.Zucker,M.R.Darby,A.Jeff,“Geographically Localized Knowledge:Spillovers or Markets?” Economic Inquiry 36.1 (1998):65-86.
(19)冯艳飞、江小明:《基于项目合作的企业技术能力提高模式》,《科学学与科学技术管理》2004年第10期。
(20)P.Almeida,B.Kogut,“Localization of Knowledge and the Mobility of Engineers in Regional Networks,” Management Science 45.7 (1999):905-917.
(21)王旭升:《高新技术产业自主创新和产业集群协同发展对策研究》,《中外企业家》2015年第4期。
(22)G.Buenstorf,“Creation and Pursuit of Entrepreneurial Opportunities:An Evolutionary Economics Perspective,” Small Business Economics 28.4 (2007):323-337.
(23)G.Parker,M.V.Alstyne,“Innovation,Openness & Platform control,” ACM Conference on Electronic Commerce 1.1(2010):95-96.
(24)吴林海:《论硅谷的创新模式及对我国技术创新的启示》,《科技进步与对策》 2001年第8期。
(25)C.G.Brush,“From Initial Idea to Unique Advantage:The Entrepreneurial Challenge of Constructing a Resource Base,” The Academy of Management Executive (1993-2005) 15.1 (2001):64-80.
(26)J.M.Utterback,W.J.Abernathy,“A Dynamic Model of Process and Product Innovation,” Omega 3.6 (1975):639-656.
(27)J.C.Nunnally,“An Overview of Psychological Measurement,” Clinical Diagnosis of Mental Disorders,1978.
(28)冯彩玲、张丽华、时勘:《领导风格会提高员工的工作积极性和创新性吗?——企业家导向的跨层次调节作用》,《研究与发展管理》 2014年第3期。
(1)蔡惠芬、张建三、魏大鹏:《丰田供应商关系战略的演变》,《商业时代》2006年第24期。
(2)P.P.Combes,G.Duranton,“Labour Pooling,Labour Poaching,and Spatial Clustering,” Regional Science & Urban Economics 36.1 (2001):1-28.
(3)H.Gersbach,A.Schmutzler,“Endogenous Technological Spillovers:Causes and Consequences,” Journal of Economics & Management Strategy 12.2 (2003):179-205.
(4)高雪莲:《产业集群衍生效应的若干理论问题探讨——以高科技产业集群为例》,《云南师范大学学报》(哲学社会科学版)2008年第4期。
(5)马力、臧旭恒:《企业衍生:高技术产业集群成长的动力》,《现代经济探讨》2012年第4期。
(6)G.G.Bell,A.Zaheer,“Benefiting from Network Position:Firm Capabilities,Structural Holes,and Performance,” Strategic Management Journal 26.9 (2005):809-825.
(7)P.P.Combes,G.Duranton,“Labour Pooling,Labour Poaching,and Spatial Clustering,” Regional Science & Urban Economics 36.1 (2001):1-28.
(8)H.Gersbach,A.Schmutzler,“Endogenous Technological Spillovers:Causes and Consequences,” Journal of Economics & Management Strategy 12.2 (2003):179-205.
(9)H.Gersbach,A.Schmutzler,“Endogenous Technological Spillovers:Causes and Consequences,” Journal of Economics & Management Strategy 12.2 (2003):179-205.
(10)C.Fershtman,& N.Gandal,“Direct and Indirect Knowledge Spillovers:the “Social Network” of Open-source Projects,” The RAND Journal of Economics 42.1 (2011):70-91.
(11)李卫国、钟书华:《创新集群绩效评价:以欧洲IT集群为例》,《科技与经济》2010年第3期。
(12)王明华、高勇:《企业集群知识溢出对创新的影响》,《工业技术经济》2009年第12期。
(13)Feldman,P.Maryann,“The New Economics of Innovation,Spillovers and Agglomeration:A Review of Empirical Studies,” Economics of Innovation & New Technology 8.1-2 (1999):5-25.
(14)陈福娣:《产业集群内知识溢出的途径、效应与对策分析》,《商业经济研究》2014年第13期。
(15)宋霞:《美国硅谷开发史》,《比较开发史》2002年第3期。
(16)S.Kristiansen,“Social Networks and Business Success:The Role of Subcultures in an African Context,” American Journal of Economics & Sociology 63.5 (2004):1149-1171.
(17)杨勇、周勤:《集群网络、知识溢出和企业家精神——基于美国高科技产业集群的证据》,《管理工程学报》2013年第2期。
(18)L.G.Zucker,M.R.Darby,A.Jeff,“Geographically Localized Knowledge:Spillovers or Markets?” Economic Inquiry 36.1 (1998):65-86.
(19)冯艳飞、江小明:《基于项目合作的企业技术能力提高模式》,《科学学与科学技术管理》2004年第10期。
(20)P.Almeida,B.Kogut,“Localization of Knowledge and the Mobility of Engineers in Regional Networks,” Management Science 45.7 (1999):905-917.
(21)王旭升:《高新技术产业自主创新和产业集群协同发展对策研究》,《中外企业家》2015年第4期。
(22)G.Buenstorf,“Creation and Pursuit of Entrepreneurial Opportunities:An Evolutionary Economics Perspective,” Small Business Economics 28.4 (2007):323-337.
(23)G.Parker,M.V.Alstyne,“Innovation,Openness & Platform control,” ACM Conference on Electronic Commerce 1.1(2010):95-96.
(24)吴林海:《论硅谷的创新模式及对我国技术创新的启示》,《科技进步与对策》 2001年第8期。
(25)C.G.Brush,“From Initial Idea to Unique Advantage:The Entrepreneurial Challenge of Constructing a Resource Base,” The Academy of Management Executive (1993-2005) 15.1 (2001):64-80.
(26)J.M.Utterback,W.J.Abernathy,“A Dynamic Model of Process and Product Innovation,” Omega 3.6 (1975):639-656.
(27)J.C.Nunnally,“An Overview of Psychological Measurement,” Clinical Diagnosis of Mental Disorders,1978.
(28)冯彩玲、张丽华、时勘:《领导风格会提高员工的工作积极性和创新性吗?——企业家导向的跨层次调节作用》,《研究与发展管理》 2014年第3期。