北京市部分地区教师和医生吸烟行为及影响因素调查
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摘要
目的描述北京市部分区县教师和医生的吸烟情况,探讨吸烟行为的影响因素。方法采用多阶段分层整群抽样的方法抽取各级医院和各类学校的医生和教师各390人,采取问卷调查方法,调查内容包括人口统计学资料、吸烟情况、对烟草的知识和态度三个方面。描述两人群吸烟率,并用非条件logistic回归方法分析其吸烟的影响因素。结果本次调查的两职业人群中,均没有女性吸烟。男性教师的现在吸烟率为34.19%(40/117),男性医生现在吸烟率为30.56%(44/144)。在吸烟知识、态度等方面,不吸烟者得分或者知晓率均高于吸烟者,且多具有统计学意义。家里禁烟规定越松,吸烟的可能性越大(OR=3.895,95%CI2.456~6.179);受教育水平越高(OR=0.733,95%CI0.617~0.871)、二手烟与疾病关联知晓率得分越高(OR=0.733,95%CI0.617~0.871),吸烟的可能性均越低。结论北京市教师和医生的吸烟率相对于2008年有所下降,但仍需采取针对性的措施,如加强家庭戒烟规定的宣传,加强二手烟危害宣传等,进一步降低吸烟率。
Objective To understand the current situation of smoking among doctors and teachers in Beijing,and to discuss its influencing factors. Methods Three hundred and ninety doctors and 390 teachers were randomly selected by multi-stage cluster sampling method from 5districts of Beijing and a questionnaire survey was conducted to collect demographical and smoking information.Unconditional logistic regression was used for data analysis. Results No single female smoker was found in the survey.30.56% of male doctors and34.19% of male teachers were smokers.The awareness rate of smoking knowledge was higher among nonsmokers.Those who were less likely to smoke were high educated(OR=0.733,95%CI:0.617-0.871),strictly banned smoking at home(OR=3.895,95%CI:2.456-6.179)and scored higher on awareness of the harm of second-hand smoking(OR=0.733,95%CI:0.617-0.871). Conclusions Although the number of doctors and teachers who smoke has slightly decreased since 2008 in Beijing,specific intervention and education still need to be enhanced in order to further decrease the number of smokers.
Objective To understand the current situation of smoking among doctors and teachers in Beijing,and to discuss its influencing factors. Methods Three hundred and ninety doctors and 390 teachers were randomly selected by multi-stage cluster sampling method from 5districts of Beijing and a questionnaire survey was conducted to collect demographical and smoking information.Unconditional logistic regression was used for data analysis. Results No single female smoker was found in the survey.30.56% of male doctors and34.19% of male teachers were smokers.The awareness rate of smoking knowledge was higher among nonsmokers.Those who were less likely to smoke were high educated(OR=0.733,95%CI:0.617-0.871),strictly banned smoking at home(OR=3.895,95%CI:2.456-6.179)and scored higher on awareness of the harm of second-hand smoking(OR=0.733,95%CI:0.617-0.871). Conclusions Although the number of doctors and teachers who smoke has slightly decreased since 2008 in Beijing,specific intervention and education still need to be enhanced in order to further decrease the number of smokers.
引文
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[2]吴曦,杨焱,姜垣,等.我国青少年被动吸烟现状及其影响因素分析[J].中国健康教育,2008,24(9):661-664.
[3]Kylie J,Hill DJ,南娟,等.医生在推动中国烟草控制中的作用[J].中国肺癌杂志,2010,13(6):632-636.
[4]冯国泽,姜垣,李新华,等.中国教师吸烟相关知识、态度和行为[J].中国慢性病预防与控制,2009,17(3):228-230.
[5]姜垣,李新华,吴曦,等.中国医生吸烟与戒烟行为[J].中国慢性病预防与控制,2009,17(3):224-227.
[6]曹远,刘秀荣,李玉青,等.北京市不同类型学校教师控烟相关知识态度行为[J].中国学校卫生,2010,31(8):923-925.
[7]杨功焕.2010全球成人烟草调查——中国报告[M].北京:中国三峡出版社,2011.
[8]祝淑珍,杨树旺,夏江,等.武汉市医生吸烟状况及其影响因素调查[J].公共卫生与预防医学,2012,23(3):71-72.
[9]刘熹,田红梅,洪英,等.成都市医生吸烟现状及男性医生吸烟行为影响因素研究[J].中国健康教育,2010,26(4):283-285.
[10]郑宝.河南省控烟重点人群吸烟态度和相关行为调查[D].郑州:郑州大学,2011.
[11]孙桐,侯家祥,李斐斐,等.山东省重点人群吸烟状况及影响因素[J].中国慢性病预防与控制,2009,17(3):237-239.
[12]田红梅,刘熹,洪英,等.成都市男性公务员吸烟行为与影响因素的研究[J].中国卫生事业管理,2010(8):560-561.
[13]彭丽,李俊林,黄远霞,等.武汉市医疗卫生单位吸烟及控烟状况调查[J].公共卫生与预防医学,2012,23(3):94-95.
[14]Glanz K,Rimer BK,Viswarath K.Health behavior and health education:thoery,research,and practice[M].4th ed.San Francisco:Jossey-Bass,2008.
[15]马晓.健康教育学[M].2版.北京:人民卫生出版社,2012.