精准扶贫进程中地方政府的动员式治理及其改进——鄂西H县政府扶贫行为分析
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摘要
在当前精准扶贫进程中,动员式治理成为地方政府扶贫工作的政策工具和治理策略。地方政府在扶贫动员中,常以行政动员来表达政治意志,用利益互惠策略来动员社会参与,以基层动员来实现秩序维系和扶贫目标。这种运作过程内涵了地方政府的国家意志表达和行政意志体现的政治逻辑,也体现了地方政府在基层实践中的治理规则实现和治理方式转变的治理逻辑。在面对上级政府的政治意志时以及与各利益主体的博弈中,地方政府在扶贫中的过度化动员会带来地方治理困境,因此,地方政府为推进精准扶贫,需要综合运用回应性与情感式治理等来消解过度动员治理的限度。
The governance mobilization has become a policy tool and a governance strategy of local government poverty alleviation in the current process of accurate poverty alleviation. Local government often makes use of administrative mobilization to express its political will,and to mobilize the social participation with the strategy of "reciprocity of interest",and makes use of grassroots mobilization to achieve the order maintenance and poverty alleviation goals in the process of poverty alleviation mobilization.This process of operation contains the political logic of the national will expression and administration and reflects the actualization of local government administration,and also reflects the governance logic of the governance rules implementation and the governance oriented change in the grass root practice.When local government faces the political wills of the superior government and the game with various interest subjects,the excessive poverty alleviation will create dilemma to local governance. In order to promote accurate poverty alleviation,local government need to comprehensively use the responsive and emotional governance to break through the limitation of mobilization governance.
The governance mobilization has become a policy tool and a governance strategy of local government poverty alleviation in the current process of accurate poverty alleviation. Local government often makes use of administrative mobilization to express its political will,and to mobilize the social participation with the strategy of "reciprocity of interest",and makes use of grassroots mobilization to achieve the order maintenance and poverty alleviation goals in the process of poverty alleviation mobilization.This process of operation contains the political logic of the national will expression and administration and reflects the actualization of local government administration,and also reflects the governance logic of the governance rules implementation and the governance oriented change in the grass root practice.When local government faces the political wills of the superior government and the game with various interest subjects,the excessive poverty alleviation will create dilemma to local governance. In order to promote accurate poverty alleviation,local government need to comprehensively use the responsive and emotional governance to break through the limitation of mobilization governance.
引文
[1]祁凡骅,李声宇.“精准扶贫”的治理理念、治理能力与治理工具——基于政府治理创新视角[J].行政科学论坛,2016(6):36-41.
[2]唐贤兴.政策工具的选择与政府的社会动员能力——对“运动式治理的一个解释”[J].学习与探索,2009(3):59-65.
[3]狄金华.通过运动进行治理:乡镇基层政权的治理策略[J].社会,2010(3):83-106.
[4]汪三贵,刘未.“六个精准”是精准扶贫的本质要求——习近平精准扶贫系列论述探析[J].毛泽东邓小平理论研究,2016(1):40-44.
[5]陈辉,张全红.基于多维贫困测度的贫困精准识别及精准扶贫对策——以粤北山区为例[J].广东财经大学学报,2016(3):64-71.
[6]邢成举.背景、要义及结构性困境[J].云南行政学院学报,2017(3):7-13.
[7]林俐.供给侧结构性改革背景下精准扶贫机制创新研究[J].经济体制改革,2016(5):190-194.
[8]贺东航,牛宗岭.精准扶贫成效的区域比较研究[J].中共福建省委党校学报,2015(11):58-65.
[9]莫光辉,张玉雪.大数据背景下的精准扶贫模式创新路径[J].理论与改革,2017(1):119-124.
[10]陈爱雪,刘艳.层次分析法的我国精准扶贫实施绩效评价研究[J].华侨大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2017(1):116-129.
[11]黄科.运动式治理:基于国内研究文献的述评[J].学术论坛,2013(10):107-112.
[12]周雪光.权威体制与有效治理:当代中国国家治理的制度逻辑[J].开放时代,2011(10):67-85.
[13]孙立平,晋军.动员与参与[M].杭州:浙江人民出版社,1999:186.
[14]李博.乡村治理转型与农村精准扶贫[J].山西农业大学学报(社会科学版),2016(8):534-538.
[15]古德诺,弗兰克J.政治与行政:一个对政府的研究[M].上海:复旦大学出版社,2011:6.
[16]王雨磊.精准扶贫何以“瞄不准”?——扶贫政策落地的三重对焦[J].国家行政学院学报,2017(1):56-61.
[17]James N R,Ernst-Otto C. Governance without Government:Order and Change in World Politics[M]. Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,1992:5.
[18]俞可平.论国家治理现代化[M].北京:社会科学文献出版社,2014:21.
[19]Francis F. What is Government[R].Working Paper,2012.
[20]汪卫华.群众动员与动员式治理——理解中国国家治理风格的新视角[J].上海交通大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2014(5):42-53.
(1)与H县扶贫办向主任访谈,2017年9月26日。
(1)“四新八无”,即倡导新风尚,发展新文化,培育新公民,建设新家园;达到无非法上访,无阻扰施工,无安全责任事故,无政策外生育,无违规整酒,无违规建房,无群体性事件,无重大治安、刑事案件。
[2]唐贤兴.政策工具的选择与政府的社会动员能力——对“运动式治理的一个解释”[J].学习与探索,2009(3):59-65.
[3]狄金华.通过运动进行治理:乡镇基层政权的治理策略[J].社会,2010(3):83-106.
[4]汪三贵,刘未.“六个精准”是精准扶贫的本质要求——习近平精准扶贫系列论述探析[J].毛泽东邓小平理论研究,2016(1):40-44.
[5]陈辉,张全红.基于多维贫困测度的贫困精准识别及精准扶贫对策——以粤北山区为例[J].广东财经大学学报,2016(3):64-71.
[6]邢成举.背景、要义及结构性困境[J].云南行政学院学报,2017(3):7-13.
[7]林俐.供给侧结构性改革背景下精准扶贫机制创新研究[J].经济体制改革,2016(5):190-194.
[8]贺东航,牛宗岭.精准扶贫成效的区域比较研究[J].中共福建省委党校学报,2015(11):58-65.
[9]莫光辉,张玉雪.大数据背景下的精准扶贫模式创新路径[J].理论与改革,2017(1):119-124.
[10]陈爱雪,刘艳.层次分析法的我国精准扶贫实施绩效评价研究[J].华侨大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2017(1):116-129.
[11]黄科.运动式治理:基于国内研究文献的述评[J].学术论坛,2013(10):107-112.
[12]周雪光.权威体制与有效治理:当代中国国家治理的制度逻辑[J].开放时代,2011(10):67-85.
[13]孙立平,晋军.动员与参与[M].杭州:浙江人民出版社,1999:186.
[14]李博.乡村治理转型与农村精准扶贫[J].山西农业大学学报(社会科学版),2016(8):534-538.
[15]古德诺,弗兰克J.政治与行政:一个对政府的研究[M].上海:复旦大学出版社,2011:6.
[16]王雨磊.精准扶贫何以“瞄不准”?——扶贫政策落地的三重对焦[J].国家行政学院学报,2017(1):56-61.
[17]James N R,Ernst-Otto C. Governance without Government:Order and Change in World Politics[M]. Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,1992:5.
[18]俞可平.论国家治理现代化[M].北京:社会科学文献出版社,2014:21.
[19]Francis F. What is Government[R].Working Paper,2012.
[20]汪卫华.群众动员与动员式治理——理解中国国家治理风格的新视角[J].上海交通大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2014(5):42-53.
(1)与H县扶贫办向主任访谈,2017年9月26日。
(1)“四新八无”,即倡导新风尚,发展新文化,培育新公民,建设新家园;达到无非法上访,无阻扰施工,无安全责任事故,无政策外生育,无违规整酒,无违规建房,无群体性事件,无重大治安、刑事案件。