农村产业融合视角下的农户收入结构差异分析及其政策含义——来自湖北微观调查的证据
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摘要
农户收入结构持续优化和收入差异的合理控制是实现农村产业高质量融合和解决农村贫富差距问题的前提。本文基于湖北宜昌、随州732户微观调查数据,利用基尼系数和泰尔指数分解方法,对农村产业融合下农户收入状况及其结构性差异进行分解。结果表明:融合组的户均收入水平及不平等状况明显高于非融合组,而融合组和非融合组家庭增收渠道差异导致农户收入分布呈现出明显的结构异质性。进一步依据收入结构进行基尼系数分解后发现,融合组非农经营性收入对收入不平等的贡献高达70.63%,其边际贡献率为正且表现为收入差距扩大,是农村产业融合影响农户收入分配差距的重要诱因。而融合组农户农业经营性收入、工资性收入和转移性收入的边际贡献率为负,减轻了农户收入总体差异。此外,按产业融合和地区子群对泰尔指数分解后则证实了是否参与产业融合和不同主导产业子群的组内差距对农户收入不平等的贡献率明显大于组间差距。为此,在推动农村产业融合的同时,应当完善农户利益联结机制,并有效防控产业融合下农户内部收入差异。
The continuous optimization of farmers' income structure and the reasonable control of income differences are the prerequisites for achieving high-quality integration of rural industries and solving the gap between the rich and the poor in rural areas. Based on the micro-survey data of 732 farmer households in Yichang and Suizhou of Hubei Province,this paper examined the differences and the income structure of farmers by using the Theil index and Gini index. The results show that the household income and its inequality of the industrial-integration-group farmers are significantly higher than that of the non-industrial integration group,which means that the heterogeneity of the farmers' income source is an important reason for the income structure differences. According to the income source structure,the Gini coefficient is decomposed,and it is found that the non-agricultural income of the fusion group contributes 70.63% to the income inequality,and its marginal contribution rate is positive and the income gap is expanded,which may be the important incentive for rural industry integration to affect the income distribution gap of farmers. Furthermore,when the average non-agricultural operating income is increased 1%,its total Gini index may increase by 0. 2371%. The marginal contribution rate of farmer household agricultural income,wage income and transfer income is negative,which means that the total income inequality of farmers is reduced. Further decomposition of the Theil index by industry integration and regional subgroups confirms that the contribution rate of the industrial integration type and regional subgroups to the income inequality of farmers is significantly greater than the gap between the groups. The government should promote the integration of rural industries and explore the linkage mechanism of rural industrial chain to alleviate the inequality of farmers' income.
The continuous optimization of farmers' income structure and the reasonable control of income differences are the prerequisites for achieving high-quality integration of rural industries and solving the gap between the rich and the poor in rural areas. Based on the micro-survey data of 732 farmer households in Yichang and Suizhou of Hubei Province,this paper examined the differences and the income structure of farmers by using the Theil index and Gini index. The results show that the household income and its inequality of the industrial-integration-group farmers are significantly higher than that of the non-industrial integration group,which means that the heterogeneity of the farmers' income source is an important reason for the income structure differences. According to the income source structure,the Gini coefficient is decomposed,and it is found that the non-agricultural income of the fusion group contributes 70.63% to the income inequality,and its marginal contribution rate is positive and the income gap is expanded,which may be the important incentive for rural industry integration to affect the income distribution gap of farmers. Furthermore,when the average non-agricultural operating income is increased 1%,its total Gini index may increase by 0. 2371%. The marginal contribution rate of farmer household agricultural income,wage income and transfer income is negative,which means that the total income inequality of farmers is reduced. Further decomposition of the Theil index by industry integration and regional subgroups confirms that the contribution rate of the industrial integration type and regional subgroups to the income inequality of farmers is significantly greater than the gap between the groups. The government should promote the integration of rural industries and explore the linkage mechanism of rural industrial chain to alleviate the inequality of farmers' income.
引文
[1]苏毅清,游玉婷,王志刚.农村一二三产业融合发展:理论探讨、现状分析与对策建议[J].中国软科学,2016(8):17-28.
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[5]张宽,邓鑫,沈倩岭,漆雁斌.农业技术进步、农村劳动力转移与农民收入———基于农业劳动生产率的分组PVAR模型分析[J].农业技术经济,2017(6):28-41.
[6]张荐华,高军.发展农业生产性服务业会缩小城乡居民收入差距吗?———基于空间溢出和门槛特征的实证检验[J].西部论坛,2019,29(1):45-54.
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[9]陈学云,程长明.乡村振兴战略的三产融合路径:逻辑必然与实证判定[J].农业经济问题,2018(11):91-100.
[10]李乾,芦千文,王玉斌.农村一二三产业融合发展与农民增收的互动机制研究[J].经济体制改革,2018(4):96-101.
[11]姜峥.农村一二三产业融合发展水平评价、经济效应与对策研究[D].东北农业大学,2018.
[12]徐志刚,宁可,朱哲毅,李明.市场化改革、要素流动与我国农村内部收入差距变化[J].中国软科学,2017(9):38-49.
[13]杨晶,丁士军.农村产业融合、人力资本与农户收入差距[J].华南农业大学学报(社会科学版),2017(6):1-10.
[14]潘文轩,王付敏.改革开放后农民收入增长的结构性特征及启示[J].西北农林科技大学学报(社会科学版),2018,18(3):2-11.
[15]洪兴建.基尼系数理论研究[M].经济科学出版社,2008.
[16]刘纯彬,陈冲.我国省际间农民收入差距的地区分解与结构分解:1996—2008[J].中央财经大学学报,2010(12):67-72.
[17]范从来,巩师恩.城镇居民不同来源收入的不平等效应[J].江苏社会科学,2015(2):11-17.
[18] FEI J C H,RAINIS G,KUO S W Y. Growth and the family distribution of income by additive factor components[J]. Quarterly Journal of Economics,1978,92(1):17-53.
[19]丁士军,杨晶,张科静,周晶.征地与农户收入结构变化:对九江和襄阳农户数据的分析[J].华中农业大学学报(社会科学版),2015(5):1-8.
[2]姜长云.推进农村产业融合的主要模式及其对农民增收的影响[J].农业经济与管理,2017(4):5-10.
[3]王小华,温涛.农民收入超常规增长的要素优化配置目标、模式与实施[J].农业经济问题,2017,38(11):30-39.
[4]曹祎遐,黄艺璇,耿昊裔.农村一二三产融合对农民增收的门槛效应研究———基于2005—2014年31个省份面板数据的实证分析[J].华东师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2019,51(2):172-182.
[5]张宽,邓鑫,沈倩岭,漆雁斌.农业技术进步、农村劳动力转移与农民收入———基于农业劳动生产率的分组PVAR模型分析[J].农业技术经济,2017(6):28-41.
[6]张荐华,高军.发展农业生产性服务业会缩小城乡居民收入差距吗?———基于空间溢出和门槛特征的实证检验[J].西部论坛,2019,29(1):45-54.
[7]李云新,戴紫芸,丁士军.农村一二三产业融合的农户增收效应研究———基于对345个农户调查的PSM分析[J].华中农业大学学报(社会科学版),2017(4):37-44.
[8]李明贤,唐文婷.地域特点、资源整合与农村一二三产业深度融合———来自湖南省涟源市的经验[J].农业现代化研究,2017,38(6):963-970.
[9]陈学云,程长明.乡村振兴战略的三产融合路径:逻辑必然与实证判定[J].农业经济问题,2018(11):91-100.
[10]李乾,芦千文,王玉斌.农村一二三产业融合发展与农民增收的互动机制研究[J].经济体制改革,2018(4):96-101.
[11]姜峥.农村一二三产业融合发展水平评价、经济效应与对策研究[D].东北农业大学,2018.
[12]徐志刚,宁可,朱哲毅,李明.市场化改革、要素流动与我国农村内部收入差距变化[J].中国软科学,2017(9):38-49.
[13]杨晶,丁士军.农村产业融合、人力资本与农户收入差距[J].华南农业大学学报(社会科学版),2017(6):1-10.
[14]潘文轩,王付敏.改革开放后农民收入增长的结构性特征及启示[J].西北农林科技大学学报(社会科学版),2018,18(3):2-11.
[15]洪兴建.基尼系数理论研究[M].经济科学出版社,2008.
[16]刘纯彬,陈冲.我国省际间农民收入差距的地区分解与结构分解:1996—2008[J].中央财经大学学报,2010(12):67-72.
[17]范从来,巩师恩.城镇居民不同来源收入的不平等效应[J].江苏社会科学,2015(2):11-17.
[18] FEI J C H,RAINIS G,KUO S W Y. Growth and the family distribution of income by additive factor components[J]. Quarterly Journal of Economics,1978,92(1):17-53.
[19]丁士军,杨晶,张科静,周晶.征地与农户收入结构变化:对九江和襄阳农户数据的分析[J].华中农业大学学报(社会科学版),2015(5):1-8.