裂隙岩体等效力学参数结构效应的计算机模拟试验研究
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摘要
为研究裂隙岩体结构效应对其等效力学参数的影响,引入基于离散元的合成岩体技术,通过可控的改变三维岩体结构网络中的结构参数,制作相应的合成岩体试件,开展计算机模拟试验研究。结果表明:随岩体中裂隙体积密度增大,裂隙的变形参数和强度参数随裂隙密度增加而减少,其中等效弹性模量对结构面密度变化最为敏感;随岩体中裂隙倾角增加,岩体等效弹性模量随之单调增加,且等效弹性模量的离散程度(标准差)随倾角增加而减小,而各强度参数指标则先减少而后增加,形成一个U形变化规律;岩体等效力学参数均随结构面尺寸增加而减小,同时等效力学参数的离散程度(标准差)随结构面直径增加而增加,其中单轴抗压强度指标变化最为敏感;岩体等效力学参数对裂隙尺寸和产状的离散程度不敏感。该研究结论可为其他结构效应研究提供一种新思路。
The structural effect of fractured rock mass on equivalent mechanical parameters is studied by introducing a new synthetic rock mass technique based on the discrete element method(DEM). Through the controllable change of structural parameters in the three-dimensional(3D) rock mass structure network, the corresponding synthetic rock specimens are produced, and numerical simulations are carried out. The results indicate that equivalent mechanical parameters decrease with the increase of fracture density. Particularly, the equivalent elastic modulus is the most sensitive to the change of fracture density. With increasing the fracture dip angle, the equivalent elastic modulus increases and its standard deviation decreases. While strength parameters decrease first and then increase to form a U shape with increasing the dip angle. The equivalent mechanical parameters decrease with the increase of fracture size. Meanwhile, their standard deviations increase with the increase of the fracture diameter, and especially the uniaxial compressive strength is the most sensitive index. Moreover, the dispersions of the fracture size and dip angle have little influence on the equivalent mechanical parameters. This study can provide certain references for studying the structural effect of the fractured rock mass on equivalent mechanical parameters.
The structural effect of fractured rock mass on equivalent mechanical parameters is studied by introducing a new synthetic rock mass technique based on the discrete element method(DEM). Through the controllable change of structural parameters in the three-dimensional(3D) rock mass structure network, the corresponding synthetic rock specimens are produced, and numerical simulations are carried out. The results indicate that equivalent mechanical parameters decrease with the increase of fracture density. Particularly, the equivalent elastic modulus is the most sensitive to the change of fracture density. With increasing the fracture dip angle, the equivalent elastic modulus increases and its standard deviation decreases. While strength parameters decrease first and then increase to form a U shape with increasing the dip angle. The equivalent mechanical parameters decrease with the increase of fracture size. Meanwhile, their standard deviations increase with the increase of the fracture diameter, and especially the uniaxial compressive strength is the most sensitive index. Moreover, the dispersions of the fracture size and dip angle have little influence on the equivalent mechanical parameters. This study can provide certain references for studying the structural effect of the fractured rock mass on equivalent mechanical parameters.
引文
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[5]MIN Ki-bok,JING Lan-ru.Numerical determination of the equivalent elastic compliance tensor for fractured rock masses using the distinct element method[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2003,40(6):795-816.
[6]SITHARAMA T G,SRIDEVIB J,SHIMIZUC N.Practical equivalent continuum characterization of jointed rock masses[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2001,38(3):437-448.
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[9]崔臻,魏倩,侯靖,等.基于节理网络有限元的柱状节理岩体等效变形模量结构效应研究[J].岩土力学,2016,37(10):2921-2930.CUI Zhen,WEI Qian,HOU Jing,et al.Structural effect on equivalent modulus of deformation of columnar jointed rock mass with jointed finite element method[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2016,37(10):2921-2930.
[10]宁宇,徐卫亚,郑文棠,等.柱状节理岩体随机模拟及其表征单元体尺度研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(6):1202-1208.NING Yu,XU Wei-ya,ZHENG Wen-tang,et al.Study of random simulation of columnar jointed rock mass and its representative elementary volume scale[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2008,27(6):1202-1208.
[11]晏长根,伍法权,祁生文,等.随机节理岩体变形与强度参数及其尺寸效应的数值模拟研究[J].岩土工程学报,2009,31(6):879-885.YAN Chang-gen,WU Fa-quan,QI Sheng-wen,et al.Deformation and strength parameters and size effect of random jointed rock mass by numerical simulation[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2009,31(6):879-885.
[12]ESMAIELI K,HADJIGEORGIOU J,GRENON M.Estimating geometrical and mechanical REV based on synthetic rock mass models at Brunswick mine[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2010,47(6):915-926.
[13]IVARS D M,PIERCE M E,DARCEL C,et al.The synthetic rock mass approach for jointed rock mass modelling[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2011,48(12):219-244.
[14]吴顺川,周喻,高利立,等.等效岩体技术在岩体工程中的应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2010,29(7):1435-1442.WU Shun-chuan,ZHOU Yu,GAO Li-li,et al.Application of equivalent rock mass technique to rock mass engineering[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2010,29(7):1435-1442.
[15]吴琼,唐辉明,王亮清,等.基于三维离散元仿真试验的复杂节理岩体力学参数尺寸效应及空间各向异性研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2014,33(12):2419-2433.WU Qiong,TANG Hui-ming,WANG Liang-qing,et al.Three-dimensional distinct element simulation of size effect and spatial anisotropy of mechanical parameters of jointed rock mass[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2014,33(12):2419-2433.
[16]Itasca Consulting Group Inc.3DEC(3 dimensional distinct element code)discrete fracture networks in3DEC[R].5.0 version.Minneapolis:Itasca Consulting Group Inc.,2014.
[17]KULATILAKE P H S W,UCPIRTI H,WANG S,et al.Use of the distinct element method to perform stress analysis in rock with non-persistent joints and to study the effect of joint geometry parameters on the strength and deformability of rock masses[J].Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering,1992,25(4):253-274.
[18]WU Qiong,KULATILAKE P H S W.REV and its properties on fracture system and mechanical properties,and an orthotropic constitutive model for a jointed rock mass in a dam site in China[J].Computers&Geotechnics,2012,43(1):124-142.
[19]张占荣.裂隙岩体变形特性研究[D].武汉:中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所,2010.ZHANG Zhan-rong.Study on deformation characteristics of fractured rock mass[D].Wuhan:Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,2010.
[20]付志亮.岩石力学试验教程[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2011.FU Zhi-liang.Course of rock mechanics test[M].Beijing:Chemical Industry Press,2011.
[21]朱泽奇,盛谦,李红霞.多组贯穿节理岩体正交各向异性变形参数研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报.2013,32(增刊2):3022-3028.ZHU Ze-qi,SHENG Qian,LI Hong-xia.Study of orthogonal anisotropy deformation parameters of rock mass with multiple persistent crack sets[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2013,32(Supp.2):3022-3028.
[22]耶格J C,库克N G W.岩石力学基础[M].3版.中国科学院工程力学研究所译.北京:科学出版社,1983.JAEGER J C,COOK N G W.Fundamentals of rock mechanics[M].3rd ed.Translated by Institute of Engineering Mechanics,Chinese Academy of Sciences.Beijing:Science Press,1983.
[23]崔臻.岩体尺寸效应研究及其工程应用:以雅砻江杨房沟水电站为例[R].杭州:中国电建集团华东勘测设计研究院有限公司,2015.CUI Zhen.Study on the size effect of rock mass and its engineering application:Taking Yangfanggou hydropower station as an example[R].Hangzhou:PowerChina Huadong Engineering Co.,Ltd.,2015.
[2]GOODMAN R E.Introduction to rock mechanics[M].2nd ed.New York:John Wiley&Sons,1989.
[3]盛谦,杨启贵,陈胜宏.节理岩体宏观力学参数的计算机模拟试验[J].地下空间,1999,19(5):482-487.SHENG Qian,YANG Qi-gui,CHEN Sheng-hong.Computer simulations of jointed rock mass macroscopic mechanical parameters[J].Underground Space,1999,19(5):482-487.
[4]周火明,盛谦,邬爱清.三峡工程永久船闸边坡岩体宏观力学参数的尺寸效应研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报.2001,20(5):661-664.ZHOU Huo-ming,SHENG Qian,WU Ai-qing.Size effect analysis on macro-mechanics parameters for the rock masses of the TGP shiplock slope[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2001,20(5):661-664.
[5]MIN Ki-bok,JING Lan-ru.Numerical determination of the equivalent elastic compliance tensor for fractured rock masses using the distinct element method[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2003,40(6):795-816.
[6]SITHARAMA T G,SRIDEVIB J,SHIMIZUC N.Practical equivalent continuum characterization of jointed rock masses[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2001,38(3):437-448.
[7]MAGHOUS S,HINTON E.Non-linear global elastic behaviour of a periodically jointed material[J].Mechanics Research Communications,2002,29(1):4-51.
[8]赵吉东,尹健民,周维垣,等.节理岩体断裂损伤模型在三峡坝基岩体力学参数模拟和预测中的应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2002,21(2):176-179.ZHAO Ji-dong,YIN Jian-min,ZHOU Wei-yuan,et al.Fracture-damage model of jointed rockmass and its application to the numerical parameters predicting of the dam-bed-rock of the three gorges project[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2002,21(2):176-179.
[9]崔臻,魏倩,侯靖,等.基于节理网络有限元的柱状节理岩体等效变形模量结构效应研究[J].岩土力学,2016,37(10):2921-2930.CUI Zhen,WEI Qian,HOU Jing,et al.Structural effect on equivalent modulus of deformation of columnar jointed rock mass with jointed finite element method[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2016,37(10):2921-2930.
[10]宁宇,徐卫亚,郑文棠,等.柱状节理岩体随机模拟及其表征单元体尺度研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(6):1202-1208.NING Yu,XU Wei-ya,ZHENG Wen-tang,et al.Study of random simulation of columnar jointed rock mass and its representative elementary volume scale[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2008,27(6):1202-1208.
[11]晏长根,伍法权,祁生文,等.随机节理岩体变形与强度参数及其尺寸效应的数值模拟研究[J].岩土工程学报,2009,31(6):879-885.YAN Chang-gen,WU Fa-quan,QI Sheng-wen,et al.Deformation and strength parameters and size effect of random jointed rock mass by numerical simulation[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2009,31(6):879-885.
[12]ESMAIELI K,HADJIGEORGIOU J,GRENON M.Estimating geometrical and mechanical REV based on synthetic rock mass models at Brunswick mine[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2010,47(6):915-926.
[13]IVARS D M,PIERCE M E,DARCEL C,et al.The synthetic rock mass approach for jointed rock mass modelling[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2011,48(12):219-244.
[14]吴顺川,周喻,高利立,等.等效岩体技术在岩体工程中的应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2010,29(7):1435-1442.WU Shun-chuan,ZHOU Yu,GAO Li-li,et al.Application of equivalent rock mass technique to rock mass engineering[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2010,29(7):1435-1442.
[15]吴琼,唐辉明,王亮清,等.基于三维离散元仿真试验的复杂节理岩体力学参数尺寸效应及空间各向异性研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2014,33(12):2419-2433.WU Qiong,TANG Hui-ming,WANG Liang-qing,et al.Three-dimensional distinct element simulation of size effect and spatial anisotropy of mechanical parameters of jointed rock mass[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2014,33(12):2419-2433.
[16]Itasca Consulting Group Inc.3DEC(3 dimensional distinct element code)discrete fracture networks in3DEC[R].5.0 version.Minneapolis:Itasca Consulting Group Inc.,2014.
[17]KULATILAKE P H S W,UCPIRTI H,WANG S,et al.Use of the distinct element method to perform stress analysis in rock with non-persistent joints and to study the effect of joint geometry parameters on the strength and deformability of rock masses[J].Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering,1992,25(4):253-274.
[18]WU Qiong,KULATILAKE P H S W.REV and its properties on fracture system and mechanical properties,and an orthotropic constitutive model for a jointed rock mass in a dam site in China[J].Computers&Geotechnics,2012,43(1):124-142.
[19]张占荣.裂隙岩体变形特性研究[D].武汉:中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所,2010.ZHANG Zhan-rong.Study on deformation characteristics of fractured rock mass[D].Wuhan:Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,2010.
[20]付志亮.岩石力学试验教程[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2011.FU Zhi-liang.Course of rock mechanics test[M].Beijing:Chemical Industry Press,2011.
[21]朱泽奇,盛谦,李红霞.多组贯穿节理岩体正交各向异性变形参数研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报.2013,32(增刊2):3022-3028.ZHU Ze-qi,SHENG Qian,LI Hong-xia.Study of orthogonal anisotropy deformation parameters of rock mass with multiple persistent crack sets[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2013,32(Supp.2):3022-3028.
[22]耶格J C,库克N G W.岩石力学基础[M].3版.中国科学院工程力学研究所译.北京:科学出版社,1983.JAEGER J C,COOK N G W.Fundamentals of rock mechanics[M].3rd ed.Translated by Institute of Engineering Mechanics,Chinese Academy of Sciences.Beijing:Science Press,1983.
[23]崔臻.岩体尺寸效应研究及其工程应用:以雅砻江杨房沟水电站为例[R].杭州:中国电建集团华东勘测设计研究院有限公司,2015.CUI Zhen.Study on the size effect of rock mass and its engineering application:Taking Yangfanggou hydropower station as an example[R].Hangzhou:PowerChina Huadong Engineering Co.,Ltd.,2015.