迷迭香优良无性系选育
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摘要
本研究以云南省石林县的迷迭香人工林为研究对象,通过对其生长指标和抗氧化含量指标的测定与分析,开展迷迭香优良无性系选育技术研究。采用5株优势木对比法进行迷迭香优株初选,选取48株迷迭香候选优株,240株优势木进行调查与测定,制定初选标准为:迷迭香优树树高、冠幅、生物量分别大于5株对比优势木平均值的15%、12%和11%,共选择出迷迭香优树22株,入选率为45.8%。将初选的22株迷迭香优树在昆明中国林科院资源昆虫研究所大棚进行迷迭香区域试验林营建,以迷迭香株高、冠幅、地径、分枝数、生物量、鼠尾草酸、鼠尾草酚和迷迭香酸作为选优指标,根据迷迭香选优指标的均值、标准差和极差建立迷迭香优树综合评分法,从22株初筛迷迭香选优树中选出迷迭香优树11株。本研究一方面为迷迭香优树选择提供了科学方法,达到了良好的选优效果;另一方面为迷迭香无性系选育提供了科学依据。
In this study, rosemary plantation in Shilin county of Yunnan Province was selected as the research object. In order to study the selection and breeding techniques of rosemary superior clones, the indexes of growth and antioxidant content were used to determine and analyze. The preliminary selection of superior plants of rosemary by five-dominant trees comparative method, 48 candidate superior plants and 240 dominant trees were used to investigate and measure. It was proposed that the criterion of superior tree selection for Rosmarinus officinalis involved as follows: The tree height, crown width and biomass individual superior tree were respectively15%, 12% and 11%, greater than that of five-dominant trees. 22 of 48 candidate trees were selected according to this criterion and the selected ratio was 45.8%. The 22 primary selected rosemary superior trees were planted in Research Institute of Resource Insects, Chinese Academy of Forestry greenhouse to construct rosemary forest area test. Selection indexes included plant height, crown width, ground diameter, number of branches, biomass,carnosicacid, carnosol and rosmarinicacid. As a result, 11 plus trees were screened from 22 preliminarily chosen candidate trees by the comprehensive scoring method, according to the average value, standard deviation and range difference of rosemary selection indexes. This research might provide a scientific way and achieve preferable effects for plus trees selection, and provide a theoretical basis for further clones breeding of Rosmarinus officinalis.
In this study, rosemary plantation in Shilin county of Yunnan Province was selected as the research object. In order to study the selection and breeding techniques of rosemary superior clones, the indexes of growth and antioxidant content were used to determine and analyze. The preliminary selection of superior plants of rosemary by five-dominant trees comparative method, 48 candidate superior plants and 240 dominant trees were used to investigate and measure. It was proposed that the criterion of superior tree selection for Rosmarinus officinalis involved as follows: The tree height, crown width and biomass individual superior tree were respectively15%, 12% and 11%, greater than that of five-dominant trees. 22 of 48 candidate trees were selected according to this criterion and the selected ratio was 45.8%. The 22 primary selected rosemary superior trees were planted in Research Institute of Resource Insects, Chinese Academy of Forestry greenhouse to construct rosemary forest area test. Selection indexes included plant height, crown width, ground diameter, number of branches, biomass,carnosicacid, carnosol and rosmarinicacid. As a result, 11 plus trees were screened from 22 preliminarily chosen candidate trees by the comprehensive scoring method, according to the average value, standard deviation and range difference of rosemary selection indexes. This research might provide a scientific way and achieve preferable effects for plus trees selection, and provide a theoretical basis for further clones breeding of Rosmarinus officinalis.
引文
Chen X.Y.,and Shen X.H.,eds.,2005,Forest tree breeding,Higher Education Press,Beijing,China,pp.66-70(陈晓阳,沈熙环,编著,2005,林木育种学,高等教育出版社,中国,北京,pp.66-70)
Hu A.H.,Dong Y.Z.,Li Y.,Wang Z.Y.,and Pan C.D.,2011,E-valuation on walnut nut characters of superior tree in Xinjiang Wushi County,Xinjiang Nongye Kexue(Xinjiang A-gricultural Sciences),48(1):53-59(胡安鸿,董玉芝,李月,王肇延,潘存德,2011,新疆乌什县核桃优树坚果性状评价,新疆农业科学,48(1):53-59)
Li C.,Zeng H.,Liu X.,Xiang Y.Z.,and Guo Y.,2016,Evaluation on nut characters of alternative superior tree of Juglans regia Guizhou Province,Zhongzi(Seed),35(7):83-87(李超,曾辉,刘晓,向仰州,郭颖,2016,贵州省核桃待选优树坚果综合性状评价,种子,35(7):83-87)
Li X.C.,Wang Z.S.,Li X.W.,Li J.H.,Xu W.M.,Zhu Y.Z.,and Lin J.,2009,Study on introduction and cultivation of Rosmarinus officinalis,Guangdong Linye Keji(Guangdong Forestry Science and Technology),25(5):54-58(李小川,王振师,李兴伟,李建辉,许伟明,朱永钊,林军,2009,迷迭香的引种栽培研究,广东林业科技,25(5):54-58)
Liang Y.,and Wang H.X.,2008,Comparative study on the abilities of scavenging free radical of some natural antioxidants,Anhui Nongye Kexue(Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences),36(6):2181-2183(梁云,王洪新,2008,几种天然抗氧化剂清除自由基能力的比较研究,安徽农业科学,36(6):2181-2183)
Lin X.E.,Zhou Z.X.,Ge Y.,Dai M.J.,Wei C.B.,Xiao Z.X.,and Ma W.H.,2015,Comparative analysis on main fruit characters of rambutan(Nephelium lappaceum L.)cultivars,Jiyinzuxue Yu Yingyong Shengwuxue(Genomics and Applied Biology),35(9):1993-2002(林兴娥,周兆禧,葛宇,戴敏洁,魏长宾,肖正新,马蔚红,2015,海南岛红毛丹栽培品系资源主要果实性状的比较分析,基因组学与应用生物学,35(9):1993-2002)
Liu J.,Fan Z.Y.,He J.,Pan L.,Pang J.,Chen W.,and Xu D.B.2010,Selection of Camellia oleifera superior individual plants in Guangnan and Funing of Yunnan province,Xibu Linye Kexue(Journal of West China Forestry Science),39(3):51-55(刘娇,范志远,和菊,潘莉,庞静,陈伟,徐德兵,2010广南、富宁两地油茶优良单株的选择初报,西部林业科学,39(3):51-55)
Liu G.J.,Chen H.H.,Guo W.F.,Jia H.Y.,and Ma Y.,2012Study on riterion for selecting Betula alnoides superior trees,Linye Kexue Yanjiu(Forestry Research),25(4):438-441(刘光金,谌红辉,郭文福,贾宏炎,马跃,2012,西南桦优树选择技术研究,林业科学研究,25(4):438-441)
Peng X.M.,Wu J.C.,Cheng J.H.,Zheng Y.X.,Luo Z.,and Zhang Y.P.,2010,A study on method and standard of Azadirachta indica superior tree selection for pesticide raw material production plantations,Fujian Linxueyuan Xuebao(Journal of Fujian College of Forestry),30(3):265-269(彭兴民,吴疆翀,程金焕,郑益兴,罗彰,张燕平,2010,印楝农药原料优树选择方法与标准,福建林学院学报,30(3):265-269)
Ren C.M.,Cao W.X.,Fang X.P.,and Tian S.M.,2013,Research progress on natural antioxidants of rosemary,Liangshi Yu Shipin Gongye(Cereal and Food Industry),20(5):56-58(任春明,曹万新,方晓璞,田淑梅,2013,迷迭香天然抗氧化剂的研究进展,粮食与食品工业,20(5):56-58)
Sun X.,Wang J.C.,Li H.T.,Du G.C.,and Guo D.S.,2005,Study on the antibacterial mechanism of rosmarinic acid,Qingdao Daxue Xuebao(Journal of Qingdao University),18(4):41-45(孙峋,汪靖超,李洪涛,杜桂彩,郭道森,2005,迷迭香酸的抗菌机理研究,青岛大学学报,18(4):41-45)
Weng X.T.,2017,Overviews on rosmarinic acid,Dangda Huagong Yanjiu(Modern Chemical Research),16(4):17-18(翁夕婷,2017,迷迭香酸的研究进展,当代化工研究,16(4):17-18)
Yan S.,Hu D.H.,Ru P.,Wang R.H.,Liu J.,He H.B.,and Zeng JX.,2011,Criteria for selecting superior trees of Paraserianthes falcataria,Linye Kexue Yanjiu(Forestry Research),24(2):272-276(晏殊,胡德活,如萍,王润辉,柳军,何汉波,曾建雄,2011,南洋楹优树选择标准研究,林业科学研究,24(2):272-276)
Yang P.H.,Guo J.R.,Xie B.,Bi C.X.,Chen J.W.,Tao Q.Y.,Xu S.M.,and Li A.P.,2000,Study on selection method criteria of Pinus tabulaeformis in Shanxi,Xibei Zhiwu Xuebao(Acta Botanica Boreali Occidentalia Sinica),20(5):720-726(杨培华,郭俊荣,谢斌,毕春侠,陈建文,陶全盈,徐书民,李安平,2000,油松优树选择方法的研究,西北植物学报,20(5):720-726)
Yao X.H.,Huang Y.,Wang K.L.,Cao Y.Q.,and Ma J.L.,2012,Selection and comprehensive evaluation of superior germplasm resources in Camellia meiocarpa,Jingjilin Yanjiu(Nonwood Forest Research),30(4):1-8(姚小华,黄勇,王开良,曹永庆,马锦林,2012,小果油茶优良种质资源筛选与综合评价,经济林研究,30(4):1-8)
Yin G.D.,Wu J.C.,Gao Z.,and Zhang Y.P.,2013,A comparative study on seed germination characteristics of Rosmarinus officinalis of different provenances,Yunnan Nongye Daxue Xuebao(Journal of yunnan Agricultural University),28(4):523-529(殷国栋,吴疆翀,高政,张燕平,2013,不同种源迷迭香(Rosmarinus officinalis)种子萌发特性比较研究,云南农业大学学报,28(4):523-529)
Zhang C.,Feng Y.H.,Zhou X.Q.,Li J.C.,Zhang Y.N.,and Zhang D.L.,2008,Analyzing components of essential oil of Rosmarinus officinalis L.,Hainan Daxue Xuebao(Journal of Hainan University),26(1):74-77(张冲,冯玉红,周雪晴,李嘉诚,张亚男,张德拉,2008,迷迭香挥发油成分分析,海南大学学报,26(1):74-77)
Zhao B.X.,Kang J.,Kang Y.X.,Yuan Y.J.,and Chen M.,2012,Plus tree selection from Cornus walteri plantations,Xibei Linxueyuan Xuebao(Journal of Northwest Forestry University),27(3):76-79(赵宝鑫,康晋,康永祥,贠玉洁,陈绵,2012,毛梾优树选择的研究,西北林学院学报,27(3):76-79)
Zhou H.L.,Liang W.X.,Xu D.L.,Chen Y.,Wang Y.,and Zhao P.W.,2015,Research progress on pharmacological action of rosemary active extract,Huanqiu Zhongyiyao(Global Traditional Chinese Medicine),8(12):1542-1545(周慧灵,梁婉娴,徐道立,陈雨,王莹,赵丕文,2015,迷迭香活性提取物的药理作用研究进展,环球中医药,8(12):1542-1545)
Zhou Y.G.,Deng G.J.,Luo G.Z.,Wang R.H.,Li T.,Zhou P.,and Li S.J.,2016,Selection and evaluation of superior Aleurites montana trees in Hunan,Jingjilin Yanjiu(Nonwood Forest Research),34(1):12-18(周义罡,邓国将,罗广忠,王瑞辉,李婷,周璞,李胜君,2016,湘南千年桐优树的选择与评价,经济林研究,34(1):12-18)
Hu A.H.,Dong Y.Z.,Li Y.,Wang Z.Y.,and Pan C.D.,2011,E-valuation on walnut nut characters of superior tree in Xinjiang Wushi County,Xinjiang Nongye Kexue(Xinjiang A-gricultural Sciences),48(1):53-59(胡安鸿,董玉芝,李月,王肇延,潘存德,2011,新疆乌什县核桃优树坚果性状评价,新疆农业科学,48(1):53-59)
Li C.,Zeng H.,Liu X.,Xiang Y.Z.,and Guo Y.,2016,Evaluation on nut characters of alternative superior tree of Juglans regia Guizhou Province,Zhongzi(Seed),35(7):83-87(李超,曾辉,刘晓,向仰州,郭颖,2016,贵州省核桃待选优树坚果综合性状评价,种子,35(7):83-87)
Li X.C.,Wang Z.S.,Li X.W.,Li J.H.,Xu W.M.,Zhu Y.Z.,and Lin J.,2009,Study on introduction and cultivation of Rosmarinus officinalis,Guangdong Linye Keji(Guangdong Forestry Science and Technology),25(5):54-58(李小川,王振师,李兴伟,李建辉,许伟明,朱永钊,林军,2009,迷迭香的引种栽培研究,广东林业科技,25(5):54-58)
Liang Y.,and Wang H.X.,2008,Comparative study on the abilities of scavenging free radical of some natural antioxidants,Anhui Nongye Kexue(Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences),36(6):2181-2183(梁云,王洪新,2008,几种天然抗氧化剂清除自由基能力的比较研究,安徽农业科学,36(6):2181-2183)
Lin X.E.,Zhou Z.X.,Ge Y.,Dai M.J.,Wei C.B.,Xiao Z.X.,and Ma W.H.,2015,Comparative analysis on main fruit characters of rambutan(Nephelium lappaceum L.)cultivars,Jiyinzuxue Yu Yingyong Shengwuxue(Genomics and Applied Biology),35(9):1993-2002(林兴娥,周兆禧,葛宇,戴敏洁,魏长宾,肖正新,马蔚红,2015,海南岛红毛丹栽培品系资源主要果实性状的比较分析,基因组学与应用生物学,35(9):1993-2002)
Liu J.,Fan Z.Y.,He J.,Pan L.,Pang J.,Chen W.,and Xu D.B.2010,Selection of Camellia oleifera superior individual plants in Guangnan and Funing of Yunnan province,Xibu Linye Kexue(Journal of West China Forestry Science),39(3):51-55(刘娇,范志远,和菊,潘莉,庞静,陈伟,徐德兵,2010广南、富宁两地油茶优良单株的选择初报,西部林业科学,39(3):51-55)
Liu G.J.,Chen H.H.,Guo W.F.,Jia H.Y.,and Ma Y.,2012Study on riterion for selecting Betula alnoides superior trees,Linye Kexue Yanjiu(Forestry Research),25(4):438-441(刘光金,谌红辉,郭文福,贾宏炎,马跃,2012,西南桦优树选择技术研究,林业科学研究,25(4):438-441)
Peng X.M.,Wu J.C.,Cheng J.H.,Zheng Y.X.,Luo Z.,and Zhang Y.P.,2010,A study on method and standard of Azadirachta indica superior tree selection for pesticide raw material production plantations,Fujian Linxueyuan Xuebao(Journal of Fujian College of Forestry),30(3):265-269(彭兴民,吴疆翀,程金焕,郑益兴,罗彰,张燕平,2010,印楝农药原料优树选择方法与标准,福建林学院学报,30(3):265-269)
Ren C.M.,Cao W.X.,Fang X.P.,and Tian S.M.,2013,Research progress on natural antioxidants of rosemary,Liangshi Yu Shipin Gongye(Cereal and Food Industry),20(5):56-58(任春明,曹万新,方晓璞,田淑梅,2013,迷迭香天然抗氧化剂的研究进展,粮食与食品工业,20(5):56-58)
Sun X.,Wang J.C.,Li H.T.,Du G.C.,and Guo D.S.,2005,Study on the antibacterial mechanism of rosmarinic acid,Qingdao Daxue Xuebao(Journal of Qingdao University),18(4):41-45(孙峋,汪靖超,李洪涛,杜桂彩,郭道森,2005,迷迭香酸的抗菌机理研究,青岛大学学报,18(4):41-45)
Weng X.T.,2017,Overviews on rosmarinic acid,Dangda Huagong Yanjiu(Modern Chemical Research),16(4):17-18(翁夕婷,2017,迷迭香酸的研究进展,当代化工研究,16(4):17-18)
Yan S.,Hu D.H.,Ru P.,Wang R.H.,Liu J.,He H.B.,and Zeng JX.,2011,Criteria for selecting superior trees of Paraserianthes falcataria,Linye Kexue Yanjiu(Forestry Research),24(2):272-276(晏殊,胡德活,如萍,王润辉,柳军,何汉波,曾建雄,2011,南洋楹优树选择标准研究,林业科学研究,24(2):272-276)
Yang P.H.,Guo J.R.,Xie B.,Bi C.X.,Chen J.W.,Tao Q.Y.,Xu S.M.,and Li A.P.,2000,Study on selection method criteria of Pinus tabulaeformis in Shanxi,Xibei Zhiwu Xuebao(Acta Botanica Boreali Occidentalia Sinica),20(5):720-726(杨培华,郭俊荣,谢斌,毕春侠,陈建文,陶全盈,徐书民,李安平,2000,油松优树选择方法的研究,西北植物学报,20(5):720-726)
Yao X.H.,Huang Y.,Wang K.L.,Cao Y.Q.,and Ma J.L.,2012,Selection and comprehensive evaluation of superior germplasm resources in Camellia meiocarpa,Jingjilin Yanjiu(Nonwood Forest Research),30(4):1-8(姚小华,黄勇,王开良,曹永庆,马锦林,2012,小果油茶优良种质资源筛选与综合评价,经济林研究,30(4):1-8)
Yin G.D.,Wu J.C.,Gao Z.,and Zhang Y.P.,2013,A comparative study on seed germination characteristics of Rosmarinus officinalis of different provenances,Yunnan Nongye Daxue Xuebao(Journal of yunnan Agricultural University),28(4):523-529(殷国栋,吴疆翀,高政,张燕平,2013,不同种源迷迭香(Rosmarinus officinalis)种子萌发特性比较研究,云南农业大学学报,28(4):523-529)
Zhang C.,Feng Y.H.,Zhou X.Q.,Li J.C.,Zhang Y.N.,and Zhang D.L.,2008,Analyzing components of essential oil of Rosmarinus officinalis L.,Hainan Daxue Xuebao(Journal of Hainan University),26(1):74-77(张冲,冯玉红,周雪晴,李嘉诚,张亚男,张德拉,2008,迷迭香挥发油成分分析,海南大学学报,26(1):74-77)
Zhao B.X.,Kang J.,Kang Y.X.,Yuan Y.J.,and Chen M.,2012,Plus tree selection from Cornus walteri plantations,Xibei Linxueyuan Xuebao(Journal of Northwest Forestry University),27(3):76-79(赵宝鑫,康晋,康永祥,贠玉洁,陈绵,2012,毛梾优树选择的研究,西北林学院学报,27(3):76-79)
Zhou H.L.,Liang W.X.,Xu D.L.,Chen Y.,Wang Y.,and Zhao P.W.,2015,Research progress on pharmacological action of rosemary active extract,Huanqiu Zhongyiyao(Global Traditional Chinese Medicine),8(12):1542-1545(周慧灵,梁婉娴,徐道立,陈雨,王莹,赵丕文,2015,迷迭香活性提取物的药理作用研究进展,环球中医药,8(12):1542-1545)
Zhou Y.G.,Deng G.J.,Luo G.Z.,Wang R.H.,Li T.,Zhou P.,and Li S.J.,2016,Selection and evaluation of superior Aleurites montana trees in Hunan,Jingjilin Yanjiu(Nonwood Forest Research),34(1):12-18(周义罡,邓国将,罗广忠,王瑞辉,李婷,周璞,李胜君,2016,湘南千年桐优树的选择与评价,经济林研究,34(1):12-18)