石油烃类污染物对中肋骨条藻和微型原甲藻的毒性效应研究
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摘要
选择中肋骨条藻(Skeletonema costatum),微型原甲藻(Prorocentrum minimum)作为受试生物,测定了原油、燃料油分散液(WAF)以及添加溢油分散剂后的乳化液(DWAF)对两种微藻的毒性效应参数。结果表明:低浓度的原油WAF和DWAF以及燃料油DWAF均对中肋骨条藻的生长起促进作用,其中,当原油WAF浓度为0.3 mg/L时,促进作用最强;而原油DWAF浓度低于0.5 mg/L时,开始促进生长,当浓度低至0.1 mg/L时,种群增长速率最大。两种微藻在4种不同石油烃类污染物体系中的96 h-EC50差异较大,96 h-EC50值介于0.07~30.77 mg/L之间;其中燃料油DWAF毒性最强,对中肋骨条藻和微型原甲藻的96 h-EC50分别为0.45 mg/L和0.07 mg/L;而微型原甲藻对原油WAF毒性效应敏感性最低,其96 h-EC50高达30.77 mg/L。
This study takes Skeletonema costatum and Prorocentrum minimum as subjects to test the toxicity of crude and fuel oil water accommodated fractions(WAF) and their dispersed water accommodated fractions(DWAF). According to the result,low concentration crude WAF,crude DWAF,and fuel oil DWAF are benefiting to the growth of Skeletonema costatum. As for crude WAF,it shows the best growth promoting effect with the concentration of 0. 3 mg/L. While crude DWAF are not able to be effective if its concentration is higher than 0. 5 mg/L and maximum population growth rate can be reached at 0. 1 mg/L. Moreover,in the acute toxicity test,the value 96 h-EC50 of four different oil spill pollutants to this two microalgae are quite different,ranging from 0. 07 mg/L to 30. 77 mg/L. Fuel oil DWAF is the most poisonous one among them,which 96 h-EC50 for Skeletonema costatum and Prorocentrum minimum are 0. 45 mg/L and 0. 07 mg/L respectively. While Prorocentrum minimum is the most insensitive for the toxicity of crude WAF with the highest 96 h-EC50 of 30. 77 mg/L.
This study takes Skeletonema costatum and Prorocentrum minimum as subjects to test the toxicity of crude and fuel oil water accommodated fractions(WAF) and their dispersed water accommodated fractions(DWAF). According to the result,low concentration crude WAF,crude DWAF,and fuel oil DWAF are benefiting to the growth of Skeletonema costatum. As for crude WAF,it shows the best growth promoting effect with the concentration of 0. 3 mg/L. While crude DWAF are not able to be effective if its concentration is higher than 0. 5 mg/L and maximum population growth rate can be reached at 0. 1 mg/L. Moreover,in the acute toxicity test,the value 96 h-EC50 of four different oil spill pollutants to this two microalgae are quite different,ranging from 0. 07 mg/L to 30. 77 mg/L. Fuel oil DWAF is the most poisonous one among them,which 96 h-EC50 for Skeletonema costatum and Prorocentrum minimum are 0. 45 mg/L and 0. 07 mg/L respectively. While Prorocentrum minimum is the most insensitive for the toxicity of crude WAF with the highest 96 h-EC50 of 30. 77 mg/L.
引文
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[3]高亚丽,吕昕璐,杨柏林,等.消油剂处理溢油对海洋浮游生物的毒性效应影响[J].大连海事大学学报,2014,40(1):78-82.
[4]穆景利,靳非,王菊英,等.基于物种敏感性分布的保护海水水生生物的石油烃急性毒性基准研究[J].生态毒理学报,2015,10(1):169-181.
[5]FINGAS M.Oil spill clean up[M].New York:Lewis Publishers,2001.
[6]姚念娣.消油剂处理燃料油对两种海洋生物的毒性效应影响研究[D].大连:大连海事大学,2012.
[7]GULEC I,LEONARD B,HOLDWAY D A.Oil and dispersed oil toxicity to amphipods and snails[J].Spill Science&Technology Bulletin,1997,4(1):1-6.
[8]KOYAMA J,KAKUNO A.Toxicity of heavy fuel oil,dispersant and oil-dispersant mixtures to a marine fish,Pagrusmajor[J].Fisheries Science,2004,70(4):587-594.
[9]COOK C B,KNAP A H.Effects of crude oil and chemical dispersant on photosynthesis in the brain coral Diploriastrigosa[J].Marine Biology,1983,78(1):21-27.
[10]LIM H H,SHIN H S.Simultaneous determination of 2-naphthol and 1-hydroxypyrene in fish and shellfish contaminated with crude oil by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry[J].Food Chemistry,2013,138(2/3):791-796.
[11]LONG S M,HOLDWAY D A.Acute toxicity of crude and dispersed oil to Octopus pallidus,(Hoyle,1885)hatchlings[J].Water Research,2002,36(11):2769-2776.
[12]ECHEVESTE P,AGUSTS,DACHS J.Cell size dependent toxicity thresholds of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons to natural and cultured phytoplankton populations[J].Environmental Pollution,2010,158(1):299-307.
[13]HEMMER M J,BARRON M G,GREENE R M.Comparative toxicity of eight oil dispersants,Louisiana sweet crude oil(LSC),and chemically dispersed LSC to two aquatic test species[J].Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry,2011,30(10):2244-2252.
[14]BATE G C,CRAFFORD S D.Inhibition of phytoplankton photosynthesis by the WSF of used lubricating oil[J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,1985,16(10):401-404.
[15]OECD.OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals[J].Methods in Molecular Biology,2004,947:37-56.
[16]MENG W,WANG L P,ZHENG B H.Photoinduced toxicity single and binary mixtures of four polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons to the marine diatom Skeletonemacostatum[J].Acta Oceanologica Sinica,2007,26(6):41-50.
[17]马帅.原油和四种溢油分散剂对青岛大扁藻和小新月菱形藻毒性效应的研究[D].青岛:中国海洋大学,2013.
[18]WELLS P G,ABERNETHY S,MACKAY D.Study of oil-water partitioning of a chemical dispersant using an acute bioassay with marine crustaceans[J].Chemosphere,1982,11(11):1071-1086.