小型无人机载大视场复眼相机光学系统设计
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摘要
针对小型无人机载大视场光学成像观测需求,设计了一款仿生复眼大视场微小型相机.该相机光学系统总焦距为4mm,F数为4,视场角可达106°,在500m的飞行高度分辨率可达0.5m.所设计系统由曲面排布的微透镜阵列、光学像面变换子系统、图像接收和数据采集处理单元三部分组成.仿生复眼中的子透镜采用双胶合透镜组合以减小系统像差,相邻子透镜在满足视场一定重叠率的前提下,可允许相邻多达7个子透镜同时对地面目标进行成像,达到目标定位和测速的目的.仿真结果表明无人机载大视场复眼相机系统在给定的公差范围内像质满足要求,每个通道的光学畸变可控制在1.2%以下.
A large field of view Unmanned Aerial Vehicle(UAV)camera imaging system,named curved compound eye camera for the small UAV,was designed.The system consists of three subsystems,a cured microlens arrays,an optical transformation subsystem,and a data processing unit with image sensors.The designed compound camera has a focal length of 4 mm,aFnumber of 4,and a field of view is 106°,which makes it can resolve the ground target with a feature size of 0.5 mat an altitude of 500 m.In the design,lenslets with a doublet form were used in curved compound eye to eliminate the optical abberations.Since there is an overlap in field of view for neighboring lenslets,lenslets as much as of 7 can view the same target at the same time from different view angles,which allows the object location and speed measurement.The simulation results show that the image quality of the entire compound eye camera system meets the requirements with an acceptable tolerance,and the maximum optical distortion can be controlled under 1.2%.
A large field of view Unmanned Aerial Vehicle(UAV)camera imaging system,named curved compound eye camera for the small UAV,was designed.The system consists of three subsystems,a cured microlens arrays,an optical transformation subsystem,and a data processing unit with image sensors.The designed compound camera has a focal length of 4 mm,aFnumber of 4,and a field of view is 106°,which makes it can resolve the ground target with a feature size of 0.5 mat an altitude of 500 m.In the design,lenslets with a doublet form were used in curved compound eye to eliminate the optical abberations.Since there is an overlap in field of view for neighboring lenslets,lenslets as much as of 7 can view the same target at the same time from different view angles,which allows the object location and speed measurement.The simulation results show that the image quality of the entire compound eye camera system meets the requirements with an acceptable tolerance,and the maximum optical distortion can be controlled under 1.2%.
引文
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[2]LEI Wei-ning,GUO Yun-zhi,GAO Ting-ting.Study on the structure of large field view detection system based on Bionic compound eye[J].Optics Optoelectronic Technology,2016,14(3):62-66.雷卫宁,郭云芝,高挺挺.基于仿生复眼的大视场探测系统结构研究[J].光学与光电技术,2016,14(3):62-66.
[3]GONG Xian-wei,YU Wei-xing,ZHANG Hong-xin,et al.Progress in design and fabrication of artificial compound eye optical systems[J].Chinese Optics,2013,6(1):34-45.巩宪伟,鱼卫星,张红鑫,等.仿生复眼成像系统设计与制作的研究进展[J].中国光学,2013,6(1):34-45.
[4]LEE Lun,HAO Yong-ping,DIAO Xiao-lei,et al.Aspherical compound eye optimization and positioning technology with variable focal length[J].Acta Photonica Sinica,2018,47(10):1022001.李伦,郝永平,刁晓蕾,等.可变焦距的非球面复眼优化及定位技术[J].光子学报,2018,47(10):1022001.
[5]PANG Kuo,FANG Feng-zhou,SONG Le,et al.Bionic compound eye for 3Dmotion detection using an optical freeform surface[J].Journal of the Optical Society of American,2017,34(5):B28-B35.
[6]HANG Chang-yuan.Study on optical system of high resolution space camera[J].Optics and Precision Engineering,2008,16(11):2165-2172.韩昌元.高分辨力空间相机的光学系统研究[J].光学精密工程,2008,16(11):2165-2172.
[7]JIANG Ning,JIA Ji-qiang,JIN Can-qiang,et al.Design for optical lens of the UAV plane array digital camera on the aircraft[J].Equipment and Technology,2012,6:35-37.蒋宁,贾继强,金灿强,等.无人机载面阵数字相机光学镜头设计[J].装备制造技术,2012,6:35-37.
[8]ZHU Hai-bin,ZHANG Yuan-jian,ZHU Da-lue,et al.Design of high resolution objective on small UAV[J].Electrooptic Technology Application,2016,31(3):5-8.朱海滨,张远健,朱大略,等.小型无人机载高分辨率物镜设计[J].光电技术应用,2016,31(3):5-8.
[9]PANG Wu-bin,HUANG Wei,WANG Xin-hua,et al.Research of micro-Ienses packing strategy on spherical surface[J].Acta Optica Sinica,2015,35(5):0522003.庞武斌,黄玮,王新华,等.微镜头阵列球面排布方法研究[J].光学学报,2015,35(5):0522003.
[10]TISDALE J,RYAN A,KIM Z,et al.A multiple system for vision-based search and location[C].American Control Conference,IEEE,2008:1985-1990.
[11]SHI Li-juan,XIONG Zhi,BAI Qing-qing,et al.Research on Multi-point location algorithm of UAV and its error characteristics[J].Aeronautical Computing Technique,2015,45(4):57-60.施丽娟,熊智,柏青青,等.无人机多点测距目标定位算法及其误差特性研究[J].航空计算技术,2015,45(4):57-60.
[12]YU Sha-sha,HUANG Hao,LIU Yang-jie,et al.Binocular stereovision technology based autonomous 3Dlocation method for unmanned aerial vehicles[J].Computer Measurement and Control,2018,26(9):223-231.余莎莎,黄浩,刘泱杰,等.基于双目技术的无人机自主三维定位方法研究[J].计算机测量与控,2018,26(9):223-231.
[13]CAO Zhao-lou,ZHAN Zhen-xian,WANG Ke-yi.Structural design of spherical compound eye lens for moving object detection[J].Infrared and Laster Engineering,2011,40(1):70-73.曹兆楼,詹珍贤,王克逸.用于运动目标探测的球面复眼透镜的结构设计[J].红外与激光工程,2011,40(1):70-73.