阶梯水价的居民节水效益及水费支出的测算
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摘要
为了合理地制定阶梯水价政策,对阶梯水价的节水效益以及居民水费支出的测算进行了研究,并以大连市为例对测算结果进行分析.首先,提出了用双正态叠加分布拟合居民用水量偏态分布的方法,以及基于价格弹性和居民用水量分布的节水效益和居民水费支出的测算方法.其次,利用收集到的居民月均用水量数据,应用笔者提出的方法,计算了阶梯水价方案实施前后大连市居民的节水比例以及居民水费支出.最后,分析了第1阶梯水价、第1阶梯水量对节水比例和居民水费支出占收入比例的影响方式,并得到不同预期节水比例和不同居民水费支出占收入比例条件下阶梯水价的可行方案集,得出的结论可为阶梯水价政策的制定提供参考.
To make the increasing block rate(IBR)water price structure rational,this article studies the method of calculating the residential water-saving effect and water fee expenditure under IBR water price structure,and analyzes the calculating results taking Dalian as an example.First,this article presents a method that fits the distribution of the residential water demand by using two normal distributions added,and a method calculating the residential water-saving effect and water fee expenditure based on price elasticity and the distribution of the residential water demand.And then the method proposed in this article is applied to calculate the residential water-saving effect and the proportion of residential water fee expenditure to disposable income.Finally,the article analyzes the way that the first step water price and the first step water volume affect the residential water-saving effect and the proportion of residential water fee expenditure to disposable income,as as to get the feasible scheme sets under different expected water-saving effect and proportion of residential water fee expenditure to disposable income.The conclusions can guide the policy making of IBR water price.
To make the increasing block rate(IBR)water price structure rational,this article studies the method of calculating the residential water-saving effect and water fee expenditure under IBR water price structure,and analyzes the calculating results taking Dalian as an example.First,this article presents a method that fits the distribution of the residential water demand by using two normal distributions added,and a method calculating the residential water-saving effect and water fee expenditure based on price elasticity and the distribution of the residential water demand.And then the method proposed in this article is applied to calculate the residential water-saving effect and the proportion of residential water fee expenditure to disposable income.Finally,the article analyzes the way that the first step water price and the first step water volume affect the residential water-saving effect and the proportion of residential water fee expenditure to disposable income,as as to get the feasible scheme sets under different expected water-saving effect and proportion of residential water fee expenditure to disposable income.The conclusions can guide the policy making of IBR water price.
引文
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[9]李翠梅,陶涛,刘遂庆.苏州市居民生活用水量价格弹性研究[J].给水排水,2010,36(5):171-174.
[10]潘莉,朱世晨.某地区阶梯水价的定价合理性研究[J].人民黄河,2015,37(10):62-65.Pan Li,Zhu Shichen.Rationality study on differential water pricing of region[J].Yellow River,2015,37(10):62-65.
[11]柳长顺,陈献,刘昌明,等.华北地区城镇居民水费支出占收入与消费的比例研究[J].水利经济,2005,23(3):27-32.Liu Changshun,Chen Xian,Liu Changming,et al.Study of the proportion of residential water fee expenditure to disposable income of urban residents of North China[J].Journal of Economics of Water Resources,2005,23(3):27-32.
[12]Rosenblatt M.Remarks on some nonparametric estimates of a density function[J].Annals of Mathematical Statistics,1956,27(6):832-837.
[13]Parzen E.On estimation of a probability density function and mode[J].Annals of Mathematical Statistics,1962,33(8):1065-1076.
[14]Robert S Pindyck,Daniel L Rubinfeld.Microeconomics[M].北京:中国人民大学出版社,2013:31-36.
[15]唐要家,李增喜.居民递增型阶梯水价政策有效性研究[J].产经评论,2015,6(1):103-113.Tang Yaojia,Li Zengxi.A study on the effectiveness of the Increasing block water tariffs[J].Industrial E-conomics Review,2015,6(1):103-113.
[2]贾国宁,黄平.居民用水阶梯式水价及其节水效果测算模型研究[J].自然资源学报,2013,28(10):1789-1796.Jia Guoning,Huang Ping.Staged water price and the water-saving effect calculation mode for domestic water[J].Journal of Natural Resource,2013,28(10):1789-1796.
[3]魏丽丽,付强,陈丽燕.哈尔滨市居民生活用水需求弹性分析[J].东北农业大学学报,2008,39(7):34-37.Wei Lili,Fu Qiang,Chen Liyan.Elastic analysis on the water demand of urban residential of Harbin[J].Journal of Northeast Agricultural University,2008,39(7):34-37.
[4]尹建丽,袁汝华.南京市居民生活用水需求弹性分析[J].南水北调与水利科技,2005,3(1):46-48.Yin Jianli,Yuan Ruhua.Analysis of the Nanjing domestic water demand[J].South-to-North Water Transfers and Water Science&Technology,2005,3(1):46-48.
[5]沈大军,杨小柳,王浩,等.我国城镇居民家庭生活需水函数的推求及分析[J].水利学报,1999,30(12):6-10.Shen Dajun,Yang Xiaoliu,Wang Hao,et al.Analysis of urban residential water demand functions in China[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,1999,30(12):6-10.
[6]张宁,章胜.基于双对数模型的城市居民用水需求弹性分析[J].工业技术经济,2010,29(3):50-53.Zhang Ning,Zhang Sheng.Elastic analysis on the water demand of urban residents based on log-log model[J].Journal of Industrial Technological Economics,2010,29(3):50-53.
[7]邢秀凤,吴艳丽.城市居民生活用水需求弹性实证分析[J].技术经济与管理研究,2007,(2):35-36.Xing Xiufeng,Wu Yanli.Empirical analysis on the water demand elasticity of urban residents[J].Technoeconomics&Management Research,2007,(2):35-36.
[8]董凤丽,韩洪云.沈阳市城镇居民生活用水需求影响因素分析[J].水利经济,2006,24(3):23-27.Dong Fengli,Han Hongyun.Analysis of influencing factors for demand of domestic water for dwellers in Shenyang City[J].Journal of Economics of Water Resources,2006,24(3):23-27.
[9]李翠梅,陶涛,刘遂庆.苏州市居民生活用水量价格弹性研究[J].给水排水,2010,36(5):171-174.
[10]潘莉,朱世晨.某地区阶梯水价的定价合理性研究[J].人民黄河,2015,37(10):62-65.Pan Li,Zhu Shichen.Rationality study on differential water pricing of region[J].Yellow River,2015,37(10):62-65.
[11]柳长顺,陈献,刘昌明,等.华北地区城镇居民水费支出占收入与消费的比例研究[J].水利经济,2005,23(3):27-32.Liu Changshun,Chen Xian,Liu Changming,et al.Study of the proportion of residential water fee expenditure to disposable income of urban residents of North China[J].Journal of Economics of Water Resources,2005,23(3):27-32.
[12]Rosenblatt M.Remarks on some nonparametric estimates of a density function[J].Annals of Mathematical Statistics,1956,27(6):832-837.
[13]Parzen E.On estimation of a probability density function and mode[J].Annals of Mathematical Statistics,1962,33(8):1065-1076.
[14]Robert S Pindyck,Daniel L Rubinfeld.Microeconomics[M].北京:中国人民大学出版社,2013:31-36.
[15]唐要家,李增喜.居民递增型阶梯水价政策有效性研究[J].产经评论,2015,6(1):103-113.Tang Yaojia,Li Zengxi.A study on the effectiveness of the Increasing block water tariffs[J].Industrial E-conomics Review,2015,6(1):103-113.