单轴压缩条件下闪长岩的声发射特征
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摘要
外荷作用下的岩石变形破坏过程可以用岩石声发射特征来反映。本文以闪长岩为研究对象,将岩芯沿与岩芯轴线夹角分别为0°、45°、90°方向加工成直径为50 mm、高为100 mm的圆柱状试样,进行了试样的单轴压缩试验和声发射试验,将声发射特征参数(包括振铃计数、事件数、能量)用瞬时参数与累计参数来表征,分析了岩石变形破坏过程中声发射特征参数的变化情况,研究了传感器位置对声发射参数的影响,提出了Kaiser点的确定方法。结果表明,根据振铃计数与声发射事件数,声发射过程可分成声发射活跃期和声发射平静期;声发射活跃期共有三次,每次持续时间均短暂且均伴随着裂隙的产生与扩展,声发射平静期共有两次、分别发生于新生裂隙出现之后和岩石完全破坏之前;能量在岩石完全破坏前一段时间内释放较少,在岩石破坏时释放很多;传感器位于试样上部和下部时声发射特征参数整体变化趋势一致,但位于下部时声发射参数变化更具有明显的三次声发射活跃期和两次声发射平静期; Kaiser点可以结合声发射特征瞬时与累计参数准确确定。研究成果对分析岩石的变形破坏机理具有一定的参考价值。
The deformation and failure process of a rock under external load may be reflected by the acoustic emission features. Taking diorite as an example,the cylindrical specimens with a diameter of 50 mm and a height of 100 mm were made from the field core respectively with the angles of 0,45 and 90 degrees between the specimen and core axes. The laboratory uniaxial compression tests and acoustic emission tests were then performed. The acoustic emission features,including the ring count,event number and energy,were characterized with instantaneous and cumulative parameters. The changes in the acoustic emission parameters during the deformation/failure process of the rock were there after analyzed. The influences of the sensor position on the acoustic emission parameters were also investigated.The determination technique of the Kaiser point was further more proposed. It shows that according to the ringing count and event number,the acoustic emission process of diorite was divided into two stages,or active and quiet ones; the active stage occurred three times,and the duration of each time is much shortduring the generation and expansion of cracks,the quiet stage occurred two times,occurred respectively after the generation of new cracks and before the complete failure of the rock; the energy is less released before the complete failure of the rock and released with a large amount just as the rock failure; the change trend of the acoustic emission parameters was relatively consistent whether the sensors located in the upper or lower positions,whereas the trend of the three active stages and two quite stages was more obvious during the deformation and failure of the rock if the sensor is placed in the lower positions; the Kaiser point may be accurately determined if the combination of the instantaneous and cumulative acoustic emission parameters were used. The results presented here in may provide references for studying the deformation/failure mechanisms of the rock materials.
The deformation and failure process of a rock under external load may be reflected by the acoustic emission features. Taking diorite as an example,the cylindrical specimens with a diameter of 50 mm and a height of 100 mm were made from the field core respectively with the angles of 0,45 and 90 degrees between the specimen and core axes. The laboratory uniaxial compression tests and acoustic emission tests were then performed. The acoustic emission features,including the ring count,event number and energy,were characterized with instantaneous and cumulative parameters. The changes in the acoustic emission parameters during the deformation/failure process of the rock were there after analyzed. The influences of the sensor position on the acoustic emission parameters were also investigated.The determination technique of the Kaiser point was further more proposed. It shows that according to the ringing count and event number,the acoustic emission process of diorite was divided into two stages,or active and quiet ones; the active stage occurred three times,and the duration of each time is much shortduring the generation and expansion of cracks,the quiet stage occurred two times,occurred respectively after the generation of new cracks and before the complete failure of the rock; the energy is less released before the complete failure of the rock and released with a large amount just as the rock failure; the change trend of the acoustic emission parameters was relatively consistent whether the sensors located in the upper or lower positions,whereas the trend of the three active stages and two quite stages was more obvious during the deformation and failure of the rock if the sensor is placed in the lower positions; the Kaiser point may be accurately determined if the combination of the instantaneous and cumulative acoustic emission parameters were used. The results presented here in may provide references for studying the deformation/failure mechanisms of the rock materials.
引文
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[9] ZHAO XG,WANG J, MA LK, et al. Acoustic emissions of the Beishan granite under uniaxial and triaxial compression conditions(C). In:Rock Characterisation,Modelling and Engineering Design Methods,Feng XT,Hudson,Tan(editors):2013:75-80.
[10]乔兰,王旭,李远.深部花岗闪长岩破坏过程声发射及特征应力特性试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2014,33(S1):2773-2778.QIAO Lan,WANG Xu,LI Yuan. Study of acoustic emission and characteristic stress in deep granodiorite failure process[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2014,33(S1):2773-2778.
[11]纪洪广,卢翔.常规三轴压缩下花岗岩声发射特征及其主破裂前兆信息研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2015,34(4):694-702.JI Hongguang,LU Xiang. Characteristic of acoustic emission and rock fracture precursors of granite under conventional of triaxial compression[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2015,34(4):694-702.
[12]李庶林,尹贤刚,王泳嘉,等.单轴受压岩石破坏全过程声发射特征研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(15):2499-2503.LI Shulin, YIN Xiangang, WANG Yongjia, et al.Studies on acoustic emission characteristics of uniaxial compressive rock failure[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 2004, 23(15):2499-2503.
[13] ZHANG Zhizhen,GAO Feng,SHANG Xiaoji. Rock burst proneness prediction by acoustic emission test during rock deformation[J]. Journal of Central South University,2014,21(1):373-380.
[14]吴贤振,刘建伟,刘祥鑫,等.岩石声发射振铃累计计数与损伤本构模型的耦合关系探究[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2015,32(1):28-35.WU Xianzhen,LIU Jianwei,LIU Xiangxin,et al.Study on the coupled relationship between AE accumulative ring-down count and damage constitutive model of rock[J]. Journal of Mining and Safety Engineering,2015,32(1):28-35.
[15]付小敏.典型岩石单轴压缩变形及声发射特性试验研究[J].成都理工大学学报(自然科学版),2005,32(1):17-21.FU Xiaomin. Experimental study on uniaxial compression deformation and acoustic emission property of typical rocks[J]. Journal of Chengdu University of Technology(Science and Technology Edition),2005,32(1):17-21.
[16]谢强,张永兴,余贤斌.石灰岩在单轴压缩条件下的声发射特性[J].重庆建筑大学学报,2002,24(1):19-22,58.XIE Qiang,ZHANG Yongxing,Yu Xianbin. Study on acoustic emission of limestone in uniaxial compression test[J]. Journal of Chongqing Jianzhu University,2002,24(1):19-22,58.
[17]吴永胜,余贤斌.单轴压缩条件下岩石声发射特性的实验研究[J].金属矿山,2008(10):25-28.WU Yongsheng,YU Xianbin. Experimental study on the acoustic emission characteristics of rocks at uniaxial compression[J]. Metal Mine,2008(10):25-28.
[18]左建平,裴建良,刘建锋,等.煤岩体破裂过程中声发射行为及时空演化机制[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2011,30(8):1564-1570.ZUO Jianping,PEI Jianliang,LIU Jianfeng,et al.Investigation on acoustic emission behavior and its time-space evolution mechanism in failure process of coal-rock combined body[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2011,30(8):1564-1570.
[2] NOMIKOS PP, SAKKAS KM, SOFIANOS AI.Acoustic emission of Dionysos marble specimens in uniaxial compression(C). In:Harmonising Rock Engineering and the Environment, Qian, Zhou(editors),2012:352-353.
[3] RODRíGUEZ P, ARAB PB, CELESTINO TB.Characterization of rock cracking patterns in diametral compression tests by acoustic emission and petrographic analysis[J]. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2016,83:73-85.
[4] ZHOU Xuan. Experimental study on the characteristics of acoustic emission in damage evolution process of marble under uniaxial compressive load[J]. IETI Transactions on Computers,2016,2(3):118-128.
[5]李俊平,周创兵.岩体的声发射特征试验研究[J].岩土力学,2004,25(3):374-378.LI Junping, ZHOU Chuangbing. Experimental research on acoustic emission characteristics of rock mass[J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics,2004,25(3):374-378.
[6]张省军,刘建坡,石长岩,等.基于声发射实验岩石破坏前兆特征研究[J].金属矿山,2008(8):65-68.ZHANG Shengjun,LIU Jianpo,SHI Changyan,et al.Study on precursory characteristics of rock failure based on acoustic emission experiment[J]. Metal Mine,2008(8):65-68.
[7]赵兴东,唐春安,李元辉,等.花岗岩破裂全过程的声发射特性研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2006,25(S2):3673-3678.ZHAO Xingdong,TANG Chunan,LI Yuanhui,et al.Study on AE activity characteristics under uniaxial compression loading[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2006,25(S2):3673-3678.
[8]张茹,谢和平,刘建锋,等.单轴多级加载岩石破坏声发射特性试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2006,25(12):2584-2588.ZHANG Ru, XIE Heping, LIU Jianfeng, et al.Experimental study on acoustic emission characteristics of rock failure under uniaxial multilevel loadings[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2006,25(12):2584-2588.
[9] ZHAO XG,WANG J, MA LK, et al. Acoustic emissions of the Beishan granite under uniaxial and triaxial compression conditions(C). In:Rock Characterisation,Modelling and Engineering Design Methods,Feng XT,Hudson,Tan(editors):2013:75-80.
[10]乔兰,王旭,李远.深部花岗闪长岩破坏过程声发射及特征应力特性试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2014,33(S1):2773-2778.QIAO Lan,WANG Xu,LI Yuan. Study of acoustic emission and characteristic stress in deep granodiorite failure process[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2014,33(S1):2773-2778.
[11]纪洪广,卢翔.常规三轴压缩下花岗岩声发射特征及其主破裂前兆信息研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2015,34(4):694-702.JI Hongguang,LU Xiang. Characteristic of acoustic emission and rock fracture precursors of granite under conventional of triaxial compression[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2015,34(4):694-702.
[12]李庶林,尹贤刚,王泳嘉,等.单轴受压岩石破坏全过程声发射特征研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(15):2499-2503.LI Shulin, YIN Xiangang, WANG Yongjia, et al.Studies on acoustic emission characteristics of uniaxial compressive rock failure[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 2004, 23(15):2499-2503.
[13] ZHANG Zhizhen,GAO Feng,SHANG Xiaoji. Rock burst proneness prediction by acoustic emission test during rock deformation[J]. Journal of Central South University,2014,21(1):373-380.
[14]吴贤振,刘建伟,刘祥鑫,等.岩石声发射振铃累计计数与损伤本构模型的耦合关系探究[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2015,32(1):28-35.WU Xianzhen,LIU Jianwei,LIU Xiangxin,et al.Study on the coupled relationship between AE accumulative ring-down count and damage constitutive model of rock[J]. Journal of Mining and Safety Engineering,2015,32(1):28-35.
[15]付小敏.典型岩石单轴压缩变形及声发射特性试验研究[J].成都理工大学学报(自然科学版),2005,32(1):17-21.FU Xiaomin. Experimental study on uniaxial compression deformation and acoustic emission property of typical rocks[J]. Journal of Chengdu University of Technology(Science and Technology Edition),2005,32(1):17-21.
[16]谢强,张永兴,余贤斌.石灰岩在单轴压缩条件下的声发射特性[J].重庆建筑大学学报,2002,24(1):19-22,58.XIE Qiang,ZHANG Yongxing,Yu Xianbin. Study on acoustic emission of limestone in uniaxial compression test[J]. Journal of Chongqing Jianzhu University,2002,24(1):19-22,58.
[17]吴永胜,余贤斌.单轴压缩条件下岩石声发射特性的实验研究[J].金属矿山,2008(10):25-28.WU Yongsheng,YU Xianbin. Experimental study on the acoustic emission characteristics of rocks at uniaxial compression[J]. Metal Mine,2008(10):25-28.
[18]左建平,裴建良,刘建锋,等.煤岩体破裂过程中声发射行为及时空演化机制[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2011,30(8):1564-1570.ZUO Jianping,PEI Jianliang,LIU Jianfeng,et al.Investigation on acoustic emission behavior and its time-space evolution mechanism in failure process of coal-rock combined body[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2011,30(8):1564-1570.