不同岩石单轴压缩破裂全过程声发射序列分形特征研究
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摘要
通过对青砂岩和花岗岩两种岩性岩石的单轴压缩声发射试验,获取岩石破裂全过程的基本力学特征及声发射时域特征参数,观察两种岩石破裂时的破坏情况,着重对比了两种岩石的声发射事件率及能率时域特征,并探讨了声发射事件率及能率的分形特征。试验结果表明:声发射事件率及能率均可很好地描述岩石破裂损伤的整个过程,青砂岩事件率变化特征有明显的"上升期"和"下降期",花岗岩则无明显变化特征,两种岩石能率变化特征均存在两个"活跃期(Ⅰ,Ⅱ)"和一个"缓慢释放期";青砂岩事件率分形特征与花岗岩差异明显,相比较花岗岩而言,青砂岩分形维数D值存在多处转折点;能率分形特征,两种岩石较为相似,分形维数D值均表现为随着加载应力比的增大而波动增加,在试样破裂前又突降至最低值。
Through the uniaxial compression acoustic emission test of two lithologic rocks of blue sandstone and granite, the basic mechanical characteristics and acoustic emission time domain characteristic parameters of rock failure process are obtained. By observing the failure of two kinds of rocks during fracture, the time domain characteristics of AE event rate and energy rate of two kinds of rocks are compared emphatically, and the fractal characteristics of AE event rate and energy rate are discussed. The experimental results show that the acoustic emission event rate and energy rate can well describe the whole process of rock rupture damage. The variation characteristics of the blue sandstone event rate have obvious "rise period" and "down period", and the granite has no obvious change characteristics. There are two"active periods(I, II)"and a"slow release period"for the variation of rock energy rate. The fractal characteristics of the sandstone event rate are significantly different from those of granite. Compared with granite, there are many turning points in the fractal dimension of blue sandstone fractal dimension. The fractal characteristics of the energy rate are similar. The D values of the fractal dimension are all fluctuated with the increase of the load stress ratio, and then drop to the lowest value before the sample breaks.
Through the uniaxial compression acoustic emission test of two lithologic rocks of blue sandstone and granite, the basic mechanical characteristics and acoustic emission time domain characteristic parameters of rock failure process are obtained. By observing the failure of two kinds of rocks during fracture, the time domain characteristics of AE event rate and energy rate of two kinds of rocks are compared emphatically, and the fractal characteristics of AE event rate and energy rate are discussed. The experimental results show that the acoustic emission event rate and energy rate can well describe the whole process of rock rupture damage. The variation characteristics of the blue sandstone event rate have obvious "rise period" and "down period", and the granite has no obvious change characteristics. There are two"active periods(I, II)"and a"slow release period"for the variation of rock energy rate. The fractal characteristics of the sandstone event rate are significantly different from those of granite. Compared with granite, there are many turning points in the fractal dimension of blue sandstone fractal dimension. The fractal characteristics of the energy rate are similar. The D values of the fractal dimension are all fluctuated with the increase of the load stress ratio, and then drop to the lowest value before the sample breaks.
引文
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[16]吴贤振,刘祥鑫,梁正召,等.不同岩石破裂全过程的声发射序列分形特征试验研究[J].岩土力学,2012,33(12):3561-3569.WU Xianzhen,LIU Xiangxin,LIANG Zhengzhao,et al.Experimental study of fractal dimension of AE serials of different rocks under uniaxial compression[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2012,33(12):3561-3569.
[17]曾鹏,刘阳军,纪洪广,等.单轴压缩下粗砂岩临界破坏的多频段声发射耦合判据和前兆识别特征[J].岩土工程学报,2017,39(3):509-517.ZENG Peng,LIU Yangjun,JI Hongguang,et al.Coupling criteria and precursor identification characteristics of multi-band acoustic emission of gritstone fracture under uniaxial compression[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2017,39(3):509-517.
[2]王云飞,杨文选,焦华喆,等.花岗岩脆延破坏过程声发射与损伤特性模拟研究[J].长江科学院院报,2016,33(7):76-80,86.WANG Yunfei,YANG Wenxuan,JIAO Huazhe,et al.Simulation of acoustic emission and damage properties of granite in brittle and ductile failure processes[J].Journal of Yangtze River Scientific Research Institute,2016,33(7):76-80,86.
[3]张东明,白鑫,尹光志,等.含层理岩石单轴损伤破坏声发射参数及能量耗散规律[J].煤炭学报,2018,43(3):646-656.ZHANG Dongming,BAI Xin,YIN Guangzhi,et al.Analysis of acoustic emission parameters and energy dissipation characteristics and damage evolution of bedding rock failure process under uniaxial compression[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2018,43(3):646-656.
[4]曹安业,井广成,窦林名,等.不同加载速率下岩样损伤演化的声发射特征研究[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2015,32(6):923-928,935.CAO Anye,JING Guangcheng,DOU Linming,et al.Damage evolution law based on acoustic emission of sandy mudstone under different uniaxial loading rate[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2015,32(6):923-928,935.
[5]杨永杰,王德超,郭明福,等.基于三轴压缩声发射试验的岩石损伤特征研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2014,33(1):98-104.YANG Yongjie,WANG Dechao,GUO Mingfu,et al.Study of rock damage characteristics based on acoustic emission tests under triaxial compression[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2014,33(1):98-104.
[6]李浩然,杨春和,李佰林,等.三轴多级荷载下盐岩声波声发射特征与损伤演化规律研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2016,35(4):682-691.LI Haoran,YANG Chunhe,LI Bailin,et al.Damage evolution and characteristics of ultrasonic velocity and acoustic emission for salt rock under triaxial multilevel loading test[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2016,35(4):682-691.
[7]尹贤刚,李庶林,唐海燕.岩石破坏声发射强度分形特征研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005(19):114-118.YIN Xiangang,LI Shulin,TANG Haiyan.Study on strength fractal features of acoustic emission in process of rock failure[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005(19):114-118.
[8]张黎明,任明远,马绍琼,等.大理岩卸围压破坏全过程的声发射及分形特征[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2015,34(增刊1):2862-2867.ZHANG Liming,REN Mingyuan,MA Shaoqiong,et al.Acoustic emission and fractal characteristics of marble during unloading failure process[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2015,34(supply1):2862-2867.
[9]李元辉,刘建坡,赵兴东,等.岩石破裂过程中的声发射b值及分形特征研究[J].岩土力学,2009,30(9):2559-2563,2574.LI Yuanhui,LIU Jianpo,ZHAO Xingdong,et al.Study on b-value and fractal dimension of acoustic emission during rock failure process[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2009,30(9):2559-2563,2574.
[10]裴建良,刘建锋,张茹,等.单轴压缩条件下花岗岩声发射事件空间分布的分维特征研究[J].四川大学学报(工程科学版),2010,42(6):51-55.PEI Jianliang,LIU Jianfeng,ZHANG Ru,et al.Fractal study on spatial distribution of acoustic emission evernts of granite specimens under uniaxial compression[J].Journal of Sichuan University(Engineering Science Edition),2010,42(6):51-55.
[11]丛宇,冯夏庭,郑颖人,等.不同应力路径大理岩声发射破坏前兆的试验研究[J].岩土工程学报,2016,38(7):1193-1201.CONG Yu,FENG Xiating,ZHENG Yingren,et al.Experimental study on acoustic emission failure precursors of marble under different stress paths[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2016,38(7):1193-1201.
[12]何满潮,赵菲,张昱,等.瞬时应变型岩爆模拟试验中花岗岩主频特征演化规律分析[J].岩土力学,2015,36(1):1-8,33.HE Manchao,ZHAO Fei,ZHANG Yu,et al.Feature evolution of dominant frequency components in acoustic emissions of instantaneous strain-type granitic rockburst simulation tests[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2015,36(1):1-8,33.
[13]李庶林,林朝阳,毛建喜,等.单轴多级循环加载岩石声发射分形特性试验研究[J].工程力学,2015,32(9):92-99.LI Shulin,LIN Chaoyang,MAO Jianxi,et al.Experimental study on fractal dimension characteristics of acoustic emission of rock under multilevel uniaxial cyclic loading[J].Engineering Mechanics,2015,32(9):92-99.
[14]赵奎,王更峰,王晓军,等.岩石声发射Kaiser点信号频带能量分布和分形特征研究[J].岩土力学,2008(11):3082-3088.ZHAO Kui,WANG Gengfeng,WANG Xiaojun,et al.Research on energy distributions and fractal characteristics of Kaiser signal of acoustic emission in rock[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2008(11):3082-3088.
[15]吕金虎.混沌时间序列分析及应用[M].武汉:武汉大学出版社,2002:106-108.
[16]吴贤振,刘祥鑫,梁正召,等.不同岩石破裂全过程的声发射序列分形特征试验研究[J].岩土力学,2012,33(12):3561-3569.WU Xianzhen,LIU Xiangxin,LIANG Zhengzhao,et al.Experimental study of fractal dimension of AE serials of different rocks under uniaxial compression[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2012,33(12):3561-3569.
[17]曾鹏,刘阳军,纪洪广,等.单轴压缩下粗砂岩临界破坏的多频段声发射耦合判据和前兆识别特征[J].岩土工程学报,2017,39(3):509-517.ZENG Peng,LIU Yangjun,JI Hongguang,et al.Coupling criteria and precursor identification characteristics of multi-band acoustic emission of gritstone fracture under uniaxial compression[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2017,39(3):509-517.