拉拔作用下锚杆复合土钉支护协同作用细观机制研究
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摘要
锚杆复合土钉墙支护以机动灵活、支护能力强、工期短、造价低等特点被广泛运用,但是对此支护形式的机制研究,一直落后于工程实践。基于PFC3D离散元数值模拟并结合室内模型试验,从细观层面探究砂土颗粒的位移场、运动轨迹、锚杆抗拔力、土体孔隙率以及剪应力的变化规律,结果表明:在锚杆拉拔过程中,锚板直径越大,其竖向影响范围越大,并呈现出具有收敛性的喇叭口状位移场;锚杆和土钉之间的砂土颗粒以旋转移动和平行滑移为主,可划分为3个区域,但每一区域内颗粒的主要运动形式又不尽相同;在砂土中,当钉锚间距为两倍锚板直径时,锚杆复合土钉协同支护达到最佳效果;同时,在此过程中土体会出现明显的剪胀与剪缩现象,孔隙率变化呈正弦式波动曲线,并且在钉锚协同支护中,最小的孔隙率发生在土钉周围区域;颗粒间的挤压作用和颗粒运动受到土钉阻挡,共同加强了锚杆复合土钉之间的协同作用。该研究成果可为完善锚杆复合土钉支护设计理论提供参考。
Composite soil nail-anchor supporting walls have been widely used in practice because of their flexibility,strong supporting capacity,short construction period and low cost. However,researches of composite soil nail-anchor supporting walls leg engineering practices and the working mechanisms are not fully understood,which may lead to some uncertainties in design. Combining three-dimensional(3D) discrete element method(DEM) and experimental model test,displacement field,motion trace,porosity and shear stress of sand particles as well as anchorage resistance during the process of pulling anchor were investigated at the mesoscopic level. The results reveal that the larger the diameter of the anchorage plate,the larger the vertical influence range,and that the displacement field has a convergent bell-mouth shape. During the process of anchor-pulling,sand particles between anchors and soil nails tending to rotate or slide can be divided into three zones with different particle movements for each zone. When the anchor spacing is twice the diameter of the anchorage plate,the composite soil nailing method can achieve an optimum result. Meanwhile,dilatation and contraction occur in sand. The change of the porosity can be described by sinusoidal wave curve and the minimum porosity appears around the nails. Sand particles are squeezed together and blocked by the soil nails,which enhances the synergistic effect of composite soil nail-anchor supporting system. The results presented in this study may provide useful references for upgrading current design methodology of composite soil nail-prestressed anchor supporting system.
Composite soil nail-anchor supporting walls have been widely used in practice because of their flexibility,strong supporting capacity,short construction period and low cost. However,researches of composite soil nail-anchor supporting walls leg engineering practices and the working mechanisms are not fully understood,which may lead to some uncertainties in design. Combining three-dimensional(3D) discrete element method(DEM) and experimental model test,displacement field,motion trace,porosity and shear stress of sand particles as well as anchorage resistance during the process of pulling anchor were investigated at the mesoscopic level. The results reveal that the larger the diameter of the anchorage plate,the larger the vertical influence range,and that the displacement field has a convergent bell-mouth shape. During the process of anchor-pulling,sand particles between anchors and soil nails tending to rotate or slide can be divided into three zones with different particle movements for each zone. When the anchor spacing is twice the diameter of the anchorage plate,the composite soil nailing method can achieve an optimum result. Meanwhile,dilatation and contraction occur in sand. The change of the porosity can be described by sinusoidal wave curve and the minimum porosity appears around the nails. Sand particles are squeezed together and blocked by the soil nails,which enhances the synergistic effect of composite soil nail-anchor supporting system. The results presented in this study may provide useful references for upgrading current design methodology of composite soil nail-prestressed anchor supporting system.
引文
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[2]杨育文.复合土钉墙实例分析和变形评估[J].岩土工程学报,2012,34(4):735-741.(YANG Yuwen.Case studies of composite soil-nailing walls and movement estimate[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2012,34(4):735-741.(in Chinese))
[3]杨志银,张俊.复合土钉墙技术在深圳的应用和发展[J].岩土工程学报,2006,28(增1):1 673-1 676.(YANG Zhiyin,ZHANGJun.Development and application of composite soil nailing walls in Shenzhen[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2006,28(Supp.1):1 673-1 676.(in Chinese))
[4]陈长流,叶帅华,朱彦鹏.预应力锚杆与土钉联合支护体系在兰州深基坑工程中的应用与监测分析[J].岩土工程学报,2012,34(增1):484-489.(CHEN Changliu,YE Shuaihua,ZHU Yanpeng.Application and monitoring analysis of combined supporting system by prestressed anchors and soil nails for a deep excavation in Lanzhou[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2012,34(Supp.1):484-489.(in Chinese))
[5]宋二祥,陈肇元.土钉支护及其有限元分析[J].工程勘察,1996,(2):1-5.(SONG Erxiang,CHEN Zhaoyuan.Soil nailing and FEManalysis[J].Geotechnical Investigation and Surveying,1996,(2):1-5.(in Chinese))
[6]张明聚,宋二祥,陈肇元.基坑土钉支护稳定分析方法及其应用[J].工程力学,1998,15(3):36-43.(ZHANG Mingju,SONG Erxiang,CHEN Zhaoyuan.Astability analysis method and its application for soilnailing excavation[J].Engineering Mechanics,1998,15(3):36-43.(in Chinese))
[7]屠毓敏,郑坚,陈彪.土钉墙基坑支护机制研究[J].浙江水利水电专科学校学报,2001,(3):33-35.(TU Yumin,ZHENG Jian,CHEN Biao.Study on excavation protecting mechanism of soil nailing retaining wall[J].Journal of Zhejiang Water Conservancy and Hydropower College,2001,(3):33-35.(in Chinese))
[8]程良奎.岩土锚固的现状与发展[J].土木工程学报,2001,34(3):7-12.(CHENG Liangkui.Present status and development ofground anchorages[J].China Civil Engineering Journal,2001,34(3):7-12.(in Chinese))
[9]范秋雁,陈波,沈冰.考虑施工过程的基坑锚杆支护模型试验研究[J].岩土力学,2005,26(12):1 874-1 878.(FAN Qiuyan,CHEN Bo,SHEN Bing.Model test research of bolt supporting of foundation pit considering construction process[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2005,26(12):1 874-1 878.(in Chinese))
[10]周勇,朱彦鹏.黄土地区框架预应力锚杆支护结构设计参数的灵敏度分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2006,25(增1):3 115-3 122.(ZHOU Yong,ZHU Yanpeng.Sensitivity analysis of design parameters of grillage supporting structure with prestressed anchor in loess region[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2006,25(Supp.1):3 115-3 122.(in Chinese))
[11]尤志嘉,付厚利,尤春安,等.土层锚固体应力传递机制[J].岩土力学,2018,39(1):85-92.(YOU Zhijia,FU Houli,YOU Chun′an,et al.Stress transfer mechanism of soil anchor body[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2018,39(1):85-92.(in Chinese))
[12]TAN Y,CHOW C.Slope stabilization using soil nails:design assumptions and construction realities[C]//Proceedings of MalaysiaJapan Symposium on Geohazards and Geoenvironmental Engineering.Bangi:Malaysia,2004.
[13]龚晓南.土钉和复合土钉支护若干问题[J].土木工程学报,2003,36(10):80-83.(GONG Xiaonan.Some problems on soil nailing and composite soil nailing[J].China Civil Engineering Journal,2003,36(10):80-83.(in Chinese))
[14]汤连生,宋明健,廖化荣,等.预应力锚索复合土钉支护内力及变形分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(2):410-417.(TANGLiansheng,SONG Mingjian,LIAO Huarong,et al.Analysis of stress and deformation of prestressed anchor cable composite soil nailing[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2008,27(2):410-417.(in Chinese))
[15]肖毅,邹勇,俞季民.钉锚结合支护的模型试验研究[J].武汉水利电力大学学报,1999,32(1):74-78.(XIAO Yi,ZOU Yong,YU Jimin.Research of nail-anchored bracing by laboratory tests[J].Journal of Wuhan University of Hydraulic and Electric Engineering,1999,32(1):74-78.(in Chinese))
[16]王义重,王其勇,刘欢,等.土钉墙-锚杆支护技术模型试验及有限元研究[J].岩土力学,2011,32(增2):222-227.(WANGYizhong,WANG Qiyong,LIU Huan,et al.Laboratory model tests and finite element analysis of soil nails-anchors supporting technique of foundation pit excavation[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2011,32(Supp.2):222-227.(in Chinese))
[17]宋二祥,邱玥.复合土钉支护变形特性的有限元分析[J].建筑施工,2001,23(2):370-374.(SONG Erxiang,QIU Yue.The finite element analysis of composite soil nailing characteristic deformation[J].Building Construction,2001,23(2):370-374.(in Chinese))
[18]董诚,郑颖人,陈新颖,等.深基坑土钉和预应力锚杆复合支护方式的探讨[J].岩土力学,2009,30(12):3 793-3 796.(DONG Cheng,ZHENG Yingren,CHEN Xinying,et al.Research on composite support pattern of soil nails and prestressed anchors in deep foundation pits[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2009,30(12):3 793-3 796.(in Chinese))
[19]张化峰,张珊,王广超,等.山东某工程深基坑事故分析及坍塌区加固设计[J].安徽建筑,2017,24(5):65-67.(ZHANG Huafeng,ZHANG Shan,WANG Guangchao,et al.Accident analysis of deep foundation pit and reinforcement design of collapse area in a project in Shandong province[J].Anhui Architecture,2017,24(5):65-67.(in Chinese))
[20]杨校辉,朱彦鹏,郭楠,等.西宁地区几个基坑工程问题分析与处理[J].岩土工程学报,2014,36(增1):208-213.(YANG Xiaohui,ZHU Yanpeng,GUO Nan,et al.Analysis and treatment for several engineering problems of foundation pits in Xining area[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2014,36(Supp.1):208-213.(in Chinese))
[21]TAN Y,LU Y,XU C,et al.Investigation on performance of a large circular pit-in-pit excavation in clay-gravel-cobble mixed strata[J].Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology,2018,79(2):356-374.
[22]周健,郭建军,崔积弘,等.土钉拉拔接触面的细观模型试验研究与数值模拟[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009,28(9):1 936-1 944.(ZHOU Jian,GUO Jianjun,CUI Jihong,et al.Meso-testing and numerical simulation of nail-soil contacts during pull-out[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2009,28(9):1 936-1 944.(in Chinese))
[23]王家全,周健,吴辉琴,等.加筋土拉拔界面作用的离散元细观模拟[J].哈尔滨工程大学学报,2014,35(7):839-845.(WANGJiaquan,ZHOU Jian,WU Huiqin,et al.Discrete element mesosopic simulation of the reinforced soil pullout test interface effect[J].Journal of Harbin Engineering University,2014,35(7):839-845.(in Chinese))
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