计及离散出力特征的火电机群固有运行灵活性评价方法
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摘要
考虑到未来一段时期传统火电机组依旧是主要的灵活性供给源,文章提出一种充分反映现有火电机群固有运行灵活性的定量评价方法。固有运行灵活性为火电机群自身通过爬坡或者改变开机组合来平衡负荷波动的能力,只与技术参数和负荷波动范围有关,与系统的运行方式无关。首先,在单台机组灵活调节特性的基础上,对多台机组构成的机群进行离散组合分析,获得机群层面的灵活调节参数。其次,由于开机状态的离散性,机群出力区间也是离散的,基于这一离散出力特征提出反映机群不同时间尺度的固有运行灵活性评价指标,并采用机组最小启停时间分类聚集的方法减少模型求解的计算量,形成"聚集-分段-交叉-评估"四阶段的指标求解方法。最后,模型的有效性和正确性通过数值算例进行验证,并对提出的评价方法进行了灵敏度分析。结果表明,火电机群固有运行灵活性与其自身的离散出力特征和承担的负荷区间有密切关系。
Considering that traditional thermal power units are still the main flexible resources in the future,this paper proposes a quantitative evaluation method that fully reflects the inherent operational flexibility of the existing thermal power fleet. The inherent operational flexibility defined here is the ability to balance load fluctuations by ramping or changing commitment of the fleet,only being related to the technical parameters and load fluctuation range,regardless of the operating mode of the system. Firstly,the paper analyzes the discrete combination characters of the thermal power fleet and obtains regulating parameters of the fleet on the basis of flexible parameters of single unit. Secondly,using the discrete output characteristics of the fleet,the evaluation model reflecting different time scales of the fleet's inherent operational flexibility is proposed. In addition,the model is solved by using the minimum start-stop time classification and aggregation method. The calculation method consists of about four stages namely " aggregation-segmentation-crossover-evaluation ". Finally,the validity and correctness of the model are verified by numerical examples,and the sensitivity analysis of the proposed evaluation method is carried out. The results showthat the inherent operational flexibility of the thermal power unit is closely related to its discrete output characteristics and the load range.
Considering that traditional thermal power units are still the main flexible resources in the future,this paper proposes a quantitative evaluation method that fully reflects the inherent operational flexibility of the existing thermal power fleet. The inherent operational flexibility defined here is the ability to balance load fluctuations by ramping or changing commitment of the fleet,only being related to the technical parameters and load fluctuation range,regardless of the operating mode of the system. Firstly,the paper analyzes the discrete combination characters of the thermal power fleet and obtains regulating parameters of the fleet on the basis of flexible parameters of single unit. Secondly,using the discrete output characteristics of the fleet,the evaluation model reflecting different time scales of the fleet's inherent operational flexibility is proposed. In addition,the model is solved by using the minimum start-stop time classification and aggregation method. The calculation method consists of about four stages namely " aggregation-segmentation-crossover-evaluation ". Finally,the validity and correctness of the model are verified by numerical examples,and the sensitivity analysis of the proposed evaluation method is carried out. The results showthat the inherent operational flexibility of the thermal power unit is closely related to its discrete output characteristics and the load range.
引文
[1]国家能源局.2018年可再生能源并网运行情况介绍[EB/OL].(2019-01-28)[2019-03-03].http://www.nea.gov.cn/2019-01/28/c_137780519.htm.
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[12]LANNOYE E,FLYNN D,O"MALLEY M.Transmission,variable generation,and pow er system flexibility[J].IEEETransactions on Pow er Systems,2015,30(1):57-66.
[13]李海波,鲁宗相,乔颖,等.大规模风电并网的电力系统运行灵活性评估[J].电网技术,2015,39(6):1672-1678.LI Haibo,LU Zongxiang,QIAO Ying,et al.Assessment on operational flexibility of pow er grid w ith grid-connected large-scale w ind farms[J].Pow er System Technology,2015,39(6):1672-1678.
[14]TUOHY A,CHANDLER H.Flexibility assessment tool:IEA grid integration of variable renew ables project[C]//2011 IEEE Pow er and Energy Society General M eeting.San Diego:IEEE,2011.
[15]OREE V,SAYED HASSEN S Z.A composite metric for assessing flexibility available in conventional generators of pow er systems[J].Applied Energy,2016,177:683-691.
[16]MA J,SILVA V,BELHOMME R,et al.Evaluating and planning flexibility in sustainable pow er systems[J].IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy,2013,4(1):200-209.
[17]鲁宗相,李海波,乔颖.高比例可再生能源并网的电力系统灵活性评价与平衡机理[J].中国电机工程学报,2017,37(1):9-19.LU Zongxiang,LI Haibo,QIAO Ying.Flexibility evaluation and supply/demand balance principle of pow er system w ith highpenetration renew able electricity[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2017,37(1):9-19.
[18]LU Z X,LI H B,QIAO Y.Probabilistic flexibility evaluation for pow er system planning considering its association w ith renew able pow er curtailment[J].IEEE Transactions on Pow er Systems,2018,33(3):3285-3295.
[19]王洪涛,刘旭,陈之栩,等.低碳背景下基于改进通用生成函数法的随机生产模拟[J].电网技术,2013,37(3):597-603.WANG Hongtao,LIU Xu,CHEN Zhixu,et al.Based on improved universal generating function methods in low-carbon context[J].Pow er System Technology,2013,37(3):597-603.
[20]LEVITIN G.The universal generating function in reliability analysis and optimization[M].New York:Springer,2005:6-11.
[21]PALMINTIER B S,WEBSTER M D.Heterogeneous unit clustering for efficient operational flexibility modeling[J].IEEETransactions on Pow er Systems,2014,29(3):1089-1098.
[22]KAZARLIS S A,BAKIRTZIS A G,PETRIDIS V.A genetic algorithm solution to the unit commitment problem[J].IEEETransactions on Pow er Systems,1996,11(1):83-92.
[23]CARRION M,ARROYO J M.A computationally efficient mixed-integer linear formulation for the thermal unit commitment problem[J].IEEE Transactions on Pow er Systems,2006,21(3):1371-1378.
[24]DELARUE E,CATTRYSSE D,D'HAESELEER W.Enhanced priority list unit commitment method for pow er systems w ith a high share of renew ables[J].Electric Pow er Systems Research,2013,105(Complete):115-123.
[2]STOFT S.Power system economics[M].New York:Wiley-IEEEPress,2002:30-39.
[3]鲁宗相,李海波,乔颖.含高比例可再生能源电力系统灵活性规划及挑战[J].电力系统自动化,2016,40(13):147-158.LU Zongxiang,LI Haibo,QIAO Ying.Pow er system flexibility planning and challenges considering high proportion of renew able energy[J].Automation of Electric Pow er Systems,2016,40(13):147-158.
[4]PONCELET K,DELARUE E,SIX D,et al.Impact of the level of temporal and operational detail in energy-system planning models[J].Applied Energy,2016,162:631-643.
[5]马丽,王宗礼,刘伟,等.考虑运行灵活性的智能配电网多层优化规划[J].电力建设,2018,39(6):71-79.M A Li,WANG Zongli,LIU Wei,et al Research on multi-layer optimization planning method for intelligent distribution netw ork considering operational flexibility[J].Electric Pow er Construction,2018,39(6):71-79.
[6]PALMINTIER B,WEBSTER M.Impact of operational flexibility on electricity generation planning w ith renew able and carbon targets[J].IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy,2016,7(2):672-684.
[7]WELSCH M,DEANE P,HOWELLS M,et al.Incorporating flexibility requirements into long-term energy system models:A case study on high levels of renew able electricity penetration in Ireland[J].Applied Energy,2014,135:600-615.
[8]International Energy Agency.Status of power system transformation2018[R].Paris:International Energy Agency,2018.
[9]International Energy Agency.Harnessing variable renewables[R].Paris:International Energy Agency,2011.
[10]肖定垚,王承民,曾平良,等.电力系统灵活性及其评价综述[J].电网技术,2014,38(6):1569-1576.XIAO Dingyao,WANG Chengmin,ZENG Pingliang,et al.Asurvey on pow er system flexibility and its evaluations[J].Pow er System Technology,2014,38(6):1569-1576.
[11]LANNOYE E,FLYNN D,O"MALLEY M.Evaluation of power system flexibility[J].IEEE Transactions on Pow er Systems,2012,27(2):922-931.
[12]LANNOYE E,FLYNN D,O"MALLEY M.Transmission,variable generation,and pow er system flexibility[J].IEEETransactions on Pow er Systems,2015,30(1):57-66.
[13]李海波,鲁宗相,乔颖,等.大规模风电并网的电力系统运行灵活性评估[J].电网技术,2015,39(6):1672-1678.LI Haibo,LU Zongxiang,QIAO Ying,et al.Assessment on operational flexibility of pow er grid w ith grid-connected large-scale w ind farms[J].Pow er System Technology,2015,39(6):1672-1678.
[14]TUOHY A,CHANDLER H.Flexibility assessment tool:IEA grid integration of variable renew ables project[C]//2011 IEEE Pow er and Energy Society General M eeting.San Diego:IEEE,2011.
[15]OREE V,SAYED HASSEN S Z.A composite metric for assessing flexibility available in conventional generators of pow er systems[J].Applied Energy,2016,177:683-691.
[16]MA J,SILVA V,BELHOMME R,et al.Evaluating and planning flexibility in sustainable pow er systems[J].IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy,2013,4(1):200-209.
[17]鲁宗相,李海波,乔颖.高比例可再生能源并网的电力系统灵活性评价与平衡机理[J].中国电机工程学报,2017,37(1):9-19.LU Zongxiang,LI Haibo,QIAO Ying.Flexibility evaluation and supply/demand balance principle of pow er system w ith highpenetration renew able electricity[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2017,37(1):9-19.
[18]LU Z X,LI H B,QIAO Y.Probabilistic flexibility evaluation for pow er system planning considering its association w ith renew able pow er curtailment[J].IEEE Transactions on Pow er Systems,2018,33(3):3285-3295.
[19]王洪涛,刘旭,陈之栩,等.低碳背景下基于改进通用生成函数法的随机生产模拟[J].电网技术,2013,37(3):597-603.WANG Hongtao,LIU Xu,CHEN Zhixu,et al.Based on improved universal generating function methods in low-carbon context[J].Pow er System Technology,2013,37(3):597-603.
[20]LEVITIN G.The universal generating function in reliability analysis and optimization[M].New York:Springer,2005:6-11.
[21]PALMINTIER B S,WEBSTER M D.Heterogeneous unit clustering for efficient operational flexibility modeling[J].IEEETransactions on Pow er Systems,2014,29(3):1089-1098.
[22]KAZARLIS S A,BAKIRTZIS A G,PETRIDIS V.A genetic algorithm solution to the unit commitment problem[J].IEEETransactions on Pow er Systems,1996,11(1):83-92.
[23]CARRION M,ARROYO J M.A computationally efficient mixed-integer linear formulation for the thermal unit commitment problem[J].IEEE Transactions on Pow er Systems,2006,21(3):1371-1378.
[24]DELARUE E,CATTRYSSE D,D'HAESELEER W.Enhanced priority list unit commitment method for pow er systems w ith a high share of renew ables[J].Electric Pow er Systems Research,2013,105(Complete):115-123.