纯电动汽车正面抗撞结构耐撞性拓扑优化方法
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摘要
为了解决纯电动汽车正面碰撞安全性差的问题,文章提出了一种综合考虑5种典型碰撞工况下整车优化区域以及动力电池布置分析的多目标耐撞性拓扑优化方法。基于混合元胞自动机(hybrid cellular automata,HCA)算法,耐撞性拓扑优化以单元相对密度为设计变量、结构内能密度分布统一为目标,运用固体各向同性微结构材料惩罚模型(solid isotropic material with penalization model,SIMP)下的变密度法进行材料分布;迭代收敛后,最终得到了传力路径优越、构型明朗清晰的耐撞性车身结构,同时得到符合整车性能要求的吸能纵梁形状。对优化后的整车模型进行的耐撞性验证表明,该优化结构让碰撞加速度与结构变形量同步最优化,大大增加了纯电动汽车正面碰撞的安全性,优化出的抗撞结构为纯电动汽车正面耐撞性设计提供了一定的参考。
In order to solve the problem of the poor frontal collision safety of pure electric vehicles,a multi-objective crashworthiness topology optimization method was proposed which considered vehicle optimization area and power battery layout analysis under five typical collision conditions.Based on the hybrid cellular automata(HCA)algorithm,the topology optimization for crashworthiness used the element relative density as design variable,aimed to unify the distribution of the internal energy density,and carried out the material distribution using the density approach under the solid isotropic material with penalization model(SIMP).After iteration convergence,the superior path of force transmission and clear crashworthiness structure of the body were obtained.Meanwhile,the energy absorbing longitudinal beam shape which met the vehicle performance requirements was obtained.The collision verification of the optimized automotive model shows that the optimization structure allows the collision acceleration and the structural deformation to be optimized synchronously,which can greatly increase the safety of the frontal collision of the pure electric vehicle.And the optimized anti-collision structure can provide a reference for the crashworthiness design of the frontal structure of pure electric vehicle.
In order to solve the problem of the poor frontal collision safety of pure electric vehicles,a multi-objective crashworthiness topology optimization method was proposed which considered vehicle optimization area and power battery layout analysis under five typical collision conditions.Based on the hybrid cellular automata(HCA)algorithm,the topology optimization for crashworthiness used the element relative density as design variable,aimed to unify the distribution of the internal energy density,and carried out the material distribution using the density approach under the solid isotropic material with penalization model(SIMP).After iteration convergence,the superior path of force transmission and clear crashworthiness structure of the body were obtained.Meanwhile,the energy absorbing longitudinal beam shape which met the vehicle performance requirements was obtained.The collision verification of the optimized automotive model shows that the optimization structure allows the collision acceleration and the structural deformation to be optimized synchronously,which can greatly increase the safety of the frontal collision of the pure electric vehicle.And the optimized anti-collision structure can provide a reference for the crashworthiness design of the frontal structure of pure electric vehicle.
引文
[1]赵韩,姜建满.国内外电动汽车标准现状与发展[J].合肥工业大学学报(自然科学版),2011,34(7):961-965.
[2]赵韩,程飞.基于人机工程学的轿车车身总布置设计[J].合肥工业大学学报(自然科学版),2014,37(11):1281-1284.
[3]周熙盛.轿车偏置碰撞安全性及前纵梁耐撞性优化研究[D].长沙:湖南大学,2011.
[4] FAUSTMAN D,HAUPTFELD V,LACY P,et al.A multiobjective surrogate-based optimization of the crashworthiness of a hybrid impact absorber[J].International Journal of Mechanical Sciences,2014,88(13):46-54.
[5] KOHAR C P,ZHUMAGULOV A,BRAHME A,et al.Development of high crush efficient,extrudable aluminium front rails for vehicle lightweighting[J].International Journal of Impact Engineering,2016,95:17-34.
[6]高云凯,张玉婷,方剑光.基于混合元胞自动机的铝合金保险杠横梁设计[J].同济大学学报(自然科学版),2015,43(3):456-461.
[7]焦洪宇,周奇才,吴青龙,等.桥式起重机箱型主梁周期性拓扑优化设计[J].机械工程学报,2014,50(23):134-139.
[8] DUYSINX P,BENDSOE M P.Topology optimization of continuum structures with local stress constraints[J].International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering,2015,43(8):1453-1478.
[9] SIGMUND O,BENDSOE M P.Material interpolations in topology optimization[J].Archive of Applied Mechanics,1999,69:635-654.
[10] MARTINEZ J M.A note on the theoretical convergence properties of the SIMP method[J].Structural&Multidisciplinary Optimization,2005,29(4):319-323.
[11] DUDDECK F,HUNKELER S,LOZANO P,et al.Topology optimization for crashworthiness of thin-walled structures under axial impact using hybrid cellular automata[J].Structural&Multidisciplinary Optimization,2016,54(3):415-428.
[12]禤伟旗.车身前部抗撞性优化的研究[D].长春:吉林大学,2010.
[13]雷正保,何茹,王瑞.纯电动汽车正面碰撞相容性车头拓扑优化设计[J].计算力学学报,2014,31(6):722-728.
[14]聂昕,黄鹏冲,陈涛,等.基于耐撞性拓扑优化的汽车关键安全件设计[J].中国机械工程,2013,24(23):3260-3265.
[15]雷正保,刘彦丽.纯电动汽车尾部耐撞性优化设计[J].机械强度,2016,38(3):515-521.
[16]曹立波,宋慧斌,武和全,等.基于拓扑优化的汽车前纵梁耐撞性设计[J].中国机械工程,2016,27(6):827-832.
[17]武和全,杨煌.基于耐撞性的汽车八边形前纵梁设计的拓扑优化方法[J].汽车安全与节能学报,2016,7(4):382-389.
[18] YOON G H,KIM Y Y.Topology optimization of materialnonlinear continuum structures by the element connectivity parameterization[J].International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering,2007,69(10):2196-2218.
[2]赵韩,程飞.基于人机工程学的轿车车身总布置设计[J].合肥工业大学学报(自然科学版),2014,37(11):1281-1284.
[3]周熙盛.轿车偏置碰撞安全性及前纵梁耐撞性优化研究[D].长沙:湖南大学,2011.
[4] FAUSTMAN D,HAUPTFELD V,LACY P,et al.A multiobjective surrogate-based optimization of the crashworthiness of a hybrid impact absorber[J].International Journal of Mechanical Sciences,2014,88(13):46-54.
[5] KOHAR C P,ZHUMAGULOV A,BRAHME A,et al.Development of high crush efficient,extrudable aluminium front rails for vehicle lightweighting[J].International Journal of Impact Engineering,2016,95:17-34.
[6]高云凯,张玉婷,方剑光.基于混合元胞自动机的铝合金保险杠横梁设计[J].同济大学学报(自然科学版),2015,43(3):456-461.
[7]焦洪宇,周奇才,吴青龙,等.桥式起重机箱型主梁周期性拓扑优化设计[J].机械工程学报,2014,50(23):134-139.
[8] DUYSINX P,BENDSOE M P.Topology optimization of continuum structures with local stress constraints[J].International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering,2015,43(8):1453-1478.
[9] SIGMUND O,BENDSOE M P.Material interpolations in topology optimization[J].Archive of Applied Mechanics,1999,69:635-654.
[10] MARTINEZ J M.A note on the theoretical convergence properties of the SIMP method[J].Structural&Multidisciplinary Optimization,2005,29(4):319-323.
[11] DUDDECK F,HUNKELER S,LOZANO P,et al.Topology optimization for crashworthiness of thin-walled structures under axial impact using hybrid cellular automata[J].Structural&Multidisciplinary Optimization,2016,54(3):415-428.
[12]禤伟旗.车身前部抗撞性优化的研究[D].长春:吉林大学,2010.
[13]雷正保,何茹,王瑞.纯电动汽车正面碰撞相容性车头拓扑优化设计[J].计算力学学报,2014,31(6):722-728.
[14]聂昕,黄鹏冲,陈涛,等.基于耐撞性拓扑优化的汽车关键安全件设计[J].中国机械工程,2013,24(23):3260-3265.
[15]雷正保,刘彦丽.纯电动汽车尾部耐撞性优化设计[J].机械强度,2016,38(3):515-521.
[16]曹立波,宋慧斌,武和全,等.基于拓扑优化的汽车前纵梁耐撞性设计[J].中国机械工程,2016,27(6):827-832.
[17]武和全,杨煌.基于耐撞性的汽车八边形前纵梁设计的拓扑优化方法[J].汽车安全与节能学报,2016,7(4):382-389.
[18] YOON G H,KIM Y Y.Topology optimization of materialnonlinear continuum structures by the element connectivity parameterization[J].International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering,2007,69(10):2196-2218.