磷缺乏对不同甘薯品种根系生长及磷素吸收的影响
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摘要
为研究不同甘薯品种生育前期对磷素(P)缺乏的生长响应特征,以苏薯11(S11)和苏薯17(S17)为试验材料,设置低磷和施磷2个处理,采用土柱培养法在移栽后35 d分析和测定甘薯根系形态、磷吸收量、土壤有效磷含量及磷酸酶活性。结果显示:(1)与施磷处理相比,低磷处理降低了甘薯的生物量,其中苏薯11单株生物量降幅达19. 5%(P<0. 05);此外,苏薯11的比根长和比表面积在低磷处理下显著增加,增幅分别达到41. 8%(P<0. 05)和50. 9%(P<0. 05);虽然苏薯17单株生物量降幅不显著,但比根长在低磷处理下显著增加49. 6%(P<0. 05)。(2)低磷处理降低了甘薯对磷的吸收,苏薯11体内磷积累量降幅大于苏薯17;增施磷肥后促进了苏薯11对磷的吸收,导致其磷总积累量高于苏薯17。(3)与苏薯17相比,低磷处理提高了苏薯11土壤中的磷酸酶活性;同一处理下种植2个品种甘薯的土壤中有效磷含量基本持平。可见,磷素缺乏抑制了甘薯生育前期的生长及其对磷素的吸收,其中苏薯11对低磷胁迫的响应大于苏薯17。
To study the response characteristics of sweet potatoes exposed to the phosphorus( P) deficiency at the early growth period,a soil column experiment was conducted with two sweet potato varieties,Sushu11( S11) and Sushu17( S17),under P deficiency and P sufficiency. And the root morphology,P uptake,soil available P content and phosphatase activity of sweet potatoes were determined at 35 days after transplanting. The results showed that P deficiency inhibited the total dry matter( DM)of sweet potatoes,with significant( P<0. 05) reduction in S11( 19.5%) compared with that under P sufficiency. Besides,significant( P<0. 05) increments for the specific root length( 41.8%) and specific root surface area of S11( 50.9%) were observed.The specific root length of S17 was also increased significantly( P<0. 05) with 49.6% induced by P deficiency although no significant reduction existed in the total DM. P uptake was decreased and larger reduction of P accumulation in S11 was detected than that in S17 treated by the P deficiency. Whereas,total P accumulation of S11 was higher than that of S17 when increasing the phosphorus fertilizer. For S11,the soil phosphatase activity was enhanced under the P deficiency when compared to S17. However,the contents of available P in soil planted the S11 and S17 were similar under the same P treatment. In conclusion, P deficiency inhibited the growth and P uptake of sweet potatoes at the early period and S11 was more sensitive to P deficiency than S17.
To study the response characteristics of sweet potatoes exposed to the phosphorus( P) deficiency at the early growth period,a soil column experiment was conducted with two sweet potato varieties,Sushu11( S11) and Sushu17( S17),under P deficiency and P sufficiency. And the root morphology,P uptake,soil available P content and phosphatase activity of sweet potatoes were determined at 35 days after transplanting. The results showed that P deficiency inhibited the total dry matter( DM)of sweet potatoes,with significant( P<0. 05) reduction in S11( 19.5%) compared with that under P sufficiency. Besides,significant( P<0. 05) increments for the specific root length( 41.8%) and specific root surface area of S11( 50.9%) were observed.The specific root length of S17 was also increased significantly( P<0. 05) with 49.6% induced by P deficiency although no significant reduction existed in the total DM. P uptake was decreased and larger reduction of P accumulation in S11 was detected than that in S17 treated by the P deficiency. Whereas,total P accumulation of S11 was higher than that of S17 when increasing the phosphorus fertilizer. For S11,the soil phosphatase activity was enhanced under the P deficiency when compared to S17. However,the contents of available P in soil planted the S11 and S17 were similar under the same P treatment. In conclusion, P deficiency inhibited the growth and P uptake of sweet potatoes at the early period and S11 was more sensitive to P deficiency than S17.
引文
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[20]平文超,张永江,刘连涛,等.棉花根系生长分布及生理特性的研究进展[J].棉花学报,2012,24(2):183-190.
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[23]吴楚,王政权,范志强,等.氮胁迫对水曲柳幼苗养分吸收、利用和生物量分配的影响[J].应用生态学报,2004,15(11):2034-2038.
[24]王群,张学林,李全忠,等.紧实胁迫对不同土壤类型玉米养分吸收、分配及产量的影响[J].中国农业科学,2010,43(21):4356-4366.
[25] ZHANG C,SIMPSON R J,KIM C M,et al. Do longer root hairsimprove phosphorus uptake? Testing the hypothesis with transgenicBrachypodium distachyon lines overexpressing endogenous RSLgenes[J]. New Phytologist,2018,217(4):1654-1666.
[26]宁运旺,张永春,朱绿丹,等.甘薯的氮磷钾养分吸收及分配特性[J].江苏农业学报,2011,27(1):71-74.
[27]宁运旺,曹炳阁,朱绿丹,等.施钾水平对甘薯干物质积累与分配和钾效率的影响[J].江苏农业学报,2012,28(2):320-325.
[28]董月,安霞,张辉,等.不同品种甘薯的生物量累积、养分吸收和分配规律[J].江苏农业学报,2016,32(2):313-318.
[2]贾赵东,马佩勇,边小峰,等.高淀粉多抗甘薯新品种苏薯29的选育[J].南方农业学报,2018,49(5):848-856.
[3] VINCENT L. Tropical root and tuber crops:Cassava,sweet pota-to,yams and aroids[M]. Oxford shire,UK:CABI Publishing,2008:97.
[4]马代夫,李强,曹清河,等.中国甘薯产业及产业技术的发展与展望[J].江苏农业学报,2012,28(5):969-973.
[5] KIM Y H,PARK S C,JI C Y. Diverse antioxidant enzyme levelsin different sweet potato root types during storage root formation[J]. Plant Growth Regulation,2015,75(1):155-164.
[6] RAGHOTHAMA K G,KARTHIKEYAN A S. Phosphate acquisi-tion[J]. Plant and Soil,2005,274(1):37-49.
[7] LPEZ-ARREDONDO D L,LEYVA-GONZLEZ M A,GONZLEZ-MORALES S I,et al. Phosphate nutrition:improving low-phosphate tol-erance in crops[J]. Annual Review of Plant Biology,2014,65(1):95-123.
[8]张淼,赵书岗,耿丽平,等.缺磷对不同作物根系形态及体内养分浓度的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2013,19(3):577-585.
[9]刘灵,廖红,王秀荣,等.不同根构型大豆对低磷的适应性变化及其与磷效率的关系[J].中国农业科学,2008,41(4):1089-1099.
[10]赵宪凤,刘卫群,王树会.氮、磷、钾对烤烟碳氮代谢关键酶活性及其经济效益的影响[J].华北农学报,2012,27(4):181-185.
[11]王旭东,于振文,石玉,等.磷对小麦旗叶氮代谢有关酶活性和籽粒蛋白质含量的影响[J].作物学报,2006,32(3):339-344.
[12] FATIMA Z,AND M Z,CHAUDHARY M F. Effect of rhizobiumstrains and phosphorus on growth of soybean(Glycine max)andsurvival of rhizobium and P solubilizing bacteria[J]. PakistanJournal of Botany,2006,38(2):459-464.
[13]朱美红,蔡妙珍,吴韶辉,等.磷对铝胁迫下荞麦元素吸收与运输的影响[J].水土保持学报,2009,23(2):183-187.
[14]江苏省农业科学院,山东省农业科学院主编.中国甘薯栽培学[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社,1984.
[15]汪吉东,王火焰,许仙菊,等.低钾胁迫下不同钾效率甘薯的钾吸收利用规律研究[J].土壤,2016,48(1):42-47.
[16]安霞,董月,吴建燕,等.氮肥形态对甘薯产量和养分吸收的影响[J].江苏农业学报,2016,32(5):1049-1054.
[17]宁运旺,马洪波,许仙菊,等.氮磷钾缺乏对甘薯前期生长和养分吸收的影响[J].中国农业科学,2013,46(3):486-495.
[18]马若囡,刘庆,李欢,等.缺磷胁迫对甘薯前期根系发育及养分吸收的影响[J].华北农学报,2017,32(5):171-176.
[19]张爱君,李洪民,唐忠厚,等.长期不施磷肥对甘薯产量与品质的影响[J].华北农学报,2011,26(增刊):104-108.
[20]平文超,张永江,刘连涛,等.棉花根系生长分布及生理特性的研究进展[J].棉花学报,2012,24(2):183-190.
[21] LYNCH J. Root architecture and plant productivity[J]. PlantPhysiology,1995,109(1):7-13.
[22] GRUBER B D,GIEHL R F H,FRIEDEL S,et al. Plasticity ofthe Arabidopsis root system under nutrient deficiencies[J]. PlantPhysiology,2013,163(1):161-179.
[23]吴楚,王政权,范志强,等.氮胁迫对水曲柳幼苗养分吸收、利用和生物量分配的影响[J].应用生态学报,2004,15(11):2034-2038.
[24]王群,张学林,李全忠,等.紧实胁迫对不同土壤类型玉米养分吸收、分配及产量的影响[J].中国农业科学,2010,43(21):4356-4366.
[25] ZHANG C,SIMPSON R J,KIM C M,et al. Do longer root hairsimprove phosphorus uptake? Testing the hypothesis with transgenicBrachypodium distachyon lines overexpressing endogenous RSLgenes[J]. New Phytologist,2018,217(4):1654-1666.
[26]宁运旺,张永春,朱绿丹,等.甘薯的氮磷钾养分吸收及分配特性[J].江苏农业学报,2011,27(1):71-74.
[27]宁运旺,曹炳阁,朱绿丹,等.施钾水平对甘薯干物质积累与分配和钾效率的影响[J].江苏农业学报,2012,28(2):320-325.
[28]董月,安霞,张辉,等.不同品种甘薯的生物量累积、养分吸收和分配规律[J].江苏农业学报,2016,32(2):313-318.