基于频率相关网络等值和时变动态相量直流模型的机电暂态仿真方法
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摘要
提出一种基于频率相关网络等值和时变动态相量直流模型的机电暂态仿真方法。该方法将大型互联电网中的直流系统从机电暂态模型中分离出来单独建模,并给出完整的仿真流程。基于多速率仿真方法用小步长建立电流源型高压直流(line commutated converter high voltage direct current,LCC-HVDC)和电压源型高压直流(voltage source converter high voltage direct current,VSC-HVDC)的时变动态相量模型。提出一种确定直流侧小步长值的方法,以提高机电暂态直流模型的计算精度同时尽量节省计算时间。直流和交流间为串行接口,且跟随机电暂态代数、微分方程的交替迭代而迭代。直流侧仿真时,交流侧采用频率相关网络等值;交流侧仿真中,直流侧为诺顿等值。通过与PSCAD电磁暂态和没有时变动态相量的机电暂态仿真对比证明所提方法的有效性。
An electromechanical transient simulation method based on frequency-dependent network equivalent and time-varying phasor DC model was put forward, separating DC modeling from electromechanical transient model in buck grid, and a flow chat of whole simulation was given. A little simulation step length based on multi-rate simulation method is used to build the time-varying phasor model of line commutated converter HVDC and voltage source converter HVDC. A method to choose the little step length in DC side is provided to increase simulation accuracy and decrease simulation time for electromagnetic transient calculation. Serial interface between AC and DC sides is iterated following the iteration between algebraic equation and differential equation. When simulating AC system, DC system is represented with frequency-dependent network equivalent. When simulating DC system, AC system is depicted with Norton equivalent. Validity of the proposed method was verified by comparing with electromagnetic transient model in PSCAD and electromechanical transient simulation without time-varying phasors.
An electromechanical transient simulation method based on frequency-dependent network equivalent and time-varying phasor DC model was put forward, separating DC modeling from electromechanical transient model in buck grid, and a flow chat of whole simulation was given. A little simulation step length based on multi-rate simulation method is used to build the time-varying phasor model of line commutated converter HVDC and voltage source converter HVDC. A method to choose the little step length in DC side is provided to increase simulation accuracy and decrease simulation time for electromagnetic transient calculation. Serial interface between AC and DC sides is iterated following the iteration between algebraic equation and differential equation. When simulating AC system, DC system is represented with frequency-dependent network equivalent. When simulating DC system, AC system is depicted with Norton equivalent. Validity of the proposed method was verified by comparing with electromagnetic transient model in PSCAD and electromechanical transient simulation without time-varying phasors.
引文
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[26]Chen Jingjia,Crow M L.A variable partitioning strategy for the multirate method in power systems[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2008,23(2):259-266.
[27]姚蜀军,黄闻而达,韩民晓,等.模块化多电平换流器时间尺度变换建模和仿真[J].电网技术,2018,42(12):3880-3890.Yao Shujun,Huang Wenerda,Han Minxiao,et al.Modular multilevel converter modeling based on time-scale-frame transformation[J].Power System Technology,2018,42(12):3880-3890(in Chinese).
[28]程志伟,薛毓强,郑文迪,等.模块化多电平换流器快速能量等效建模[J].电网技术,2019,43(3):1066-1072Cheng Zhiwei,Xue Yuqiang,Zheng Wendi,et al.Fast energy equivalent modeling of modular multilevel converter[J].Power System Technology,2018,43(3):1066-1072(in Chinese).
[29]徐政,屠卿瑞,管敏渊,等.柔性直流输电系统[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2013:1-26,289-320.
[30]倪以信,陈寿孙,张宝霖.动态电力系统的理论和分析[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2002:353-356.
[2]Reeve J,Adapa K.A new approach to dynamic analysis of ACnetworks incorporating detailed modeling of DC systems:parts I and II[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,1988,3(4):2005-2019.
[3]程改红,陆韶琪,邵冲,等.大规模交直流电力系统电磁暂态仿真高效建模方法[J].电网技术,2017,41(6):1919-1926.Cheng Gaihong,Lu Shaoqi,Shao Chong,et al.A high efficiency modeling method for electromagnetic transient simulation of Larger scale AD/DC power system[J].Power System Technology,2017,41(6):1919-1926(in Chinese).
[4]蔡普成,向往,彭红英,等.基于ADPSS的含背靠背MMC-HVDC系统的交直流电网机电-电磁混合仿真研究[J].电网技术,2018,42(12):3888-3894.Cai Pucheng,Xiang Wang,Peng Hongying,et al.Hybrid electromechanical-electromagnetic simulation of AD/DC power grid with back-to-back MMC-HVDC system based on ADPSS[J].Power System Technology,2018,42(12):3888-3894(in Chinese).
[5]刘文焯,侯俊贤,汤涌,等.考虑不对称故障的机电暂态-电磁暂态混合仿真方法[J].中国电机工程学报,2010,30(13):8-17.Liu Wenzhuo,Hou Junxian,Tang Yong,et al.Electromechanical transient/electromagnetic transient hybrid considering asymmetric faults[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2010,30(13):8-17(in Chinese).
[6]Sanders S R,Noworolski J M,Liu X Z,et al.Generalized averaging method for power conversion circuits[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,1991,6(2):251-259.
[7]Demarco C L,Verghese G C,Bringing phasor dynamics into the power system load flow[C]//25th North America Power Symposium,IEEE Power Engineering Society,Washington DC,1993.
[8]Maksimovic D,Stankovic A M,Thottuvelil V J,et al.Modeling and simulation of power electronic converters[J].Proceedings of the IEEE,2001,89(6):898-912.
[9]Mattavelli P,Stankovic A M.Dynamical phasors in modeling and control of active filters[C]//IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems,Orlando,1999:278-282.
[10]Stefanov P?,Stankovi?A M.Modeling of UPFC operation under unbalanced conditions with dynamic phasors[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2002,17(2):395-403.
[11]Stankovi?A M,Sanders S R,Aydin T.Dynamic phasors in modeling and analysis of unbalanced polyphase AC machines[J].IEEETransactions on Energy Conversion,2002,17(1):107-113.
[12]Qi Qingru,Yu Chang,Wai Chanka,et al.Modeling and simulation of a STATCOM system based on 3-level NPC inverter using dynamic phasors[C]//2004 IEEE Power Engineering Society General Meeting.Denver,2004:1559-1564.
[13]黄胜利.时变动态相量理论在电力系统分析中的应用[D].北京:中国电力科学研究院,2002.
[14]Daryabak M,Filizadeh S,Jatskevich J,et al.Modeling of LCC-HVDC systems using dynamic phasors[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2014,29(4):1989-1998.
[15]Liu Chongru,Bose Anjan,Tian Pengfei.Modeling and analysis of HVDC converter three-phase dynamic phasor[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery(S0885-8977),2014,29(1):3-12.
[16]赵云灏,刘崇茹,李庚银,等.高压直流输电系统三相动态相量建模与仿真[J].系统仿真学报,2017,29(4):752-760.Zhao Yunhao,Liu Chongru,Li Gengyin,et al.Modeling and simulation of HVDC systems by three-phase dynamic phasor[J].Journal of System Simulation,2017,29(4):752-760(in Chinese).
[17]潘武略,徐政,张静.不对称运行条件下VSC-HVDC动态相量建模[J].高电压技术,2009,35(7):1705-1710.Pan Wulue,Xu Zheng,Zhang Jing.Dynamic phasors modeling of the VSC-HVDC under unbalanced conditions[J].High Voltage Engineering,2009,37(7):1705-1710(in Chinese).
[18]孙栩,孔力.VSC-HVDC系统的动态相量法建模仿真分析[J].电力系统自动化,2008,32(1):44-47.Sun Xu,Kong Li.Modeling and simulation analysis of VSC-HVDCsystem with dynamic phasors method[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2008,32(1):44-47(in Chinese).
[19]王全胜,叶华,张国民,等.MMC改进动态相量模型建模与仿真研究[J].电网技术,2018,42(3):1636-1646.Wang Quansheng,Ye Hua,Zhang Guomin,et al.Research on modeling and simulation for improved MMC dynamic phasor model[J].Power System Technology,2018,42(3):1636-1646(in Chinese).
[20]Morched A S,Ottevangers J H,Marti L.Multi port frequency dependent network equivalents for the EMTP[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,1993,8(3):2005-2018.
[21]Anderson G W J,Watson N R,Arnold C P,et al.A new hybrid algorithm for analysis of HVDC and FACTS systems[C]//The 1995IEEE International Conference Energy on Management and Power Delivery.New York:The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers INC.1995:8-16.
[22]张怡,吴文传,张伯明,等.电磁-机电暂态混合仿真中的频率相关网络等值[J].中国电机工程学报,2012,32(13):61-68.Zhang Yi,Wu Wenchuan,Zhang Boming,et al.Frequency dependent network equivalent for electromagnetic and electromechanical hybrid simulation[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2012,32(13):61-68(in Chinese).
[23]Gear C W.Multirate methods for ordinary differential equations[R].Technique Report.Urbana:University Illinois,1974.
[24]Crow M L,Chen J G.The multirate method for simulation of power system dynamics[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,1994,9(3):1684-1690.
[25]丁平,安宁,李亚楼,等.基于多速率仿真和简化离散牛顿法的电压源型换流器和直流电网机电暂态模型[J].中国电机工程学报,2016,36(24):6809-6819.Ding Ping,An Ning,Li Yalou,et al.An electro-mechanical transient model of VSC and DC grid based on multi-rate simulation method and simplified discrete Newton method[J].Power System Technology,2016,36(24):6809-6819(in Chinese).
[26]Chen Jingjia,Crow M L.A variable partitioning strategy for the multirate method in power systems[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2008,23(2):259-266.
[27]姚蜀军,黄闻而达,韩民晓,等.模块化多电平换流器时间尺度变换建模和仿真[J].电网技术,2018,42(12):3880-3890.Yao Shujun,Huang Wenerda,Han Minxiao,et al.Modular multilevel converter modeling based on time-scale-frame transformation[J].Power System Technology,2018,42(12):3880-3890(in Chinese).
[28]程志伟,薛毓强,郑文迪,等.模块化多电平换流器快速能量等效建模[J].电网技术,2019,43(3):1066-1072Cheng Zhiwei,Xue Yuqiang,Zheng Wendi,et al.Fast energy equivalent modeling of modular multilevel converter[J].Power System Technology,2018,43(3):1066-1072(in Chinese).
[29]徐政,屠卿瑞,管敏渊,等.柔性直流输电系统[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2013:1-26,289-320.
[30]倪以信,陈寿孙,张宝霖.动态电力系统的理论和分析[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2002:353-356.