塔里木盆地西北缘阿克苏地区震旦系沉积相特征及沉积模式
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摘要
根据磷矿沟和什艾日克野外剖面资料观测及薄片分析,结合沉积学理论研究震旦系沉积环境,分析塔里木盆地西北缘阿克苏地区震旦系沉积相特征及沉积模式。结果表明:研究区震旦系可识别无障壁海岸、碎屑有障壁海岸、混积滨岸和碳酸盐缓坡4类沉积相,进一步划分为4个亚相(前滨、碎屑岩潮坪、碳酸盐岩潮坪及浅滩)和11个微相(泥坪、砂坪、云坪、混合坪、潮道、风暴潮道、砂屑滩、藻屑滩、颗粒滩、潮间藻席、潮间藻席及叠层石)。纵向上具有碎屑岩、碎屑岩—碳酸盐岩、碳酸盐岩的沉积演化特征,符合震旦纪由裂谷盆地向坳陷盆地的构造演化规律。在研究区震旦系建立碎屑岩潮坪—混积滨岸—碳酸盐岩缓坡的沉积模式。该结果为研究区古地理重建与震旦系油气勘探提供参考。
In order to analyze the characteristics and sedimentary patterns of Sinian sedimentary facies in Akesu Area on the northwest margin of Tarim Basin,Sinian sedimentary environment and evolution rules were studied based on the fine observation data of two field profiles of phosphate mine gulch and shi'airike and analyzed the sedimentary evolution law.The results show that the non-barrier coast,clastic barrier coast,mixed shoreline and carbonate gentle slope can be identified in Sinian of Akesu Area on the northwest margin of Tarim Basin,and it can be further divided into 4 subphases(foreshore,clastic tidal flat,carbonate tidal flat and shallow beach)and 11 microphases(mud flat,sand flat,dolomitic flat,mixed flat,tidal channel,storm surge channel,sandy beach,algal beach,granular beach,intertidal algae mat,intertidal algae mat and stromatolites).The sedimentary evolution law of clastic rock,clastic rock-carbonate rock,carbonate rock vertically reflects the tectonic evolution of Sinian from rift basin to depression basin.Finally,the sedimentary model of Sinian "clastic tidal flat mixed shoreline carbonate gentle slope" in Akesu Area is established.It provides a reference for paleogeographic reconstruction and Sinian oil and gas exploration in the study area.
In order to analyze the characteristics and sedimentary patterns of Sinian sedimentary facies in Akesu Area on the northwest margin of Tarim Basin,Sinian sedimentary environment and evolution rules were studied based on the fine observation data of two field profiles of phosphate mine gulch and shi'airike and analyzed the sedimentary evolution law.The results show that the non-barrier coast,clastic barrier coast,mixed shoreline and carbonate gentle slope can be identified in Sinian of Akesu Area on the northwest margin of Tarim Basin,and it can be further divided into 4 subphases(foreshore,clastic tidal flat,carbonate tidal flat and shallow beach)and 11 microphases(mud flat,sand flat,dolomitic flat,mixed flat,tidal channel,storm surge channel,sandy beach,algal beach,granular beach,intertidal algae mat,intertidal algae mat and stromatolites).The sedimentary evolution law of clastic rock,clastic rock-carbonate rock,carbonate rock vertically reflects the tectonic evolution of Sinian from rift basin to depression basin.Finally,the sedimentary model of Sinian "clastic tidal flat mixed shoreline carbonate gentle slope" in Akesu Area is established.It provides a reference for paleogeographic reconstruction and Sinian oil and gas exploration in the study area.
引文
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[2]王铁冠,龚剑明.中国中—新元古界地质学与油气资源勘探前景[J/OL].中国石油勘探,2018,23(6):1-9[2019-05-17].WANG Tieguan,GONG Jianming.Geology and oil and gas exploration prospect of Middle-Neoproterozoic in China[J/OL].China Petroleum Exploration,2018,23(6):1-9[2019-05-17].
[3]汪泽成,姜华,王铜山,等.上扬子地区新元古界含油气系统与油气勘探潜力[J].天然气工业,2014,34(4):27-36.WANG Zecheng,JIANG Hua,WANG Tongshan,et al.Petroleum system and petroleum exploration potential in the Neoproterozoic in the Upper Yangtze Region[J].Natural Gas Industry,2014,34(4):27-36.
[4]龚洪林,邬光辉,姚清洲,等.塔里木盆地新元古代构造演化及其油气地质意义[J].新疆石油天然气,2018,14(1):1-8.GONG Honglin,WU Guanghui,YAO Qingzhou,et al.Neoproterozoic tectonic evolution and its petroleum geological significance in Tarim Basin[J].Xinjiang Oil &Gas,2018,14(1):1-8.
[5]管树巍,吴林,任荣,等.中国主要克拉通前寒武纪裂谷分布与油气勘探前景[J].石油学报,2017,38(1):9-22.GUAN Shuwei,WU Lin,REN Rong,et al.Distribution and petroleum prospect of Precambrian rifts in the main Cratons,China[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2017,38(1):9-22.
[6]吴林,管树巍,任荣,等.前寒武纪沉积盆地发育特征与深层烃源岩分布:以塔里木新元古代盆地与下寒武统烃源岩为例[J].石油勘探与开发,2016,43(6):905-915.WU Lin,GUAN Shuwei,REN Rong,et al.Development characteristics of Precambrian sedimentary basins and distribution of deep source rocks:a case study of Tarim Neoproterozoic basin and Lower Cambrian source rocks[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2016,43(6):905-915.
[7]任荣,管树巍,吴林,等.塔里木新元古代裂谷盆地南北分异及油气勘探启示[J].石油学报,2017,38(3):255-266.REN Rong,GUAN Shuwei,WU Lin,et al.Tarim Neoproterozoic rift basin north-south differentiation and oil and gas exploration enlightenment[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2017,38(3):255-266.
[8]高林志,王宗起,许志琴,等.塔里木盆地库鲁克塔格地区新元古代冰碛岩锆石SHRIMP U-Pb年龄新证据[J].地质通报,2010,29(增刊1):205-213.GAO Linzhi,WANG Zongqi,XU Zhiqin,et al.Zircon SHRIMP U-Pb age from Neoproterozoic glacial tillite in Kuruktag Area of Tarim Basin[J].Geological Bulletin of China,2010,29(Supp.1):205-213.
[9]宗文明,高林志,丁孝忠,等.塔里木盆地西南缘南华纪冰碛岩特征与地层对比[J].中国地质,2010,37(4):1183-1190.ZONG Wenming,GAO Linzhi,DING Xiaozhong,et al.Characteristics and stratigraphic correlation of the South China discipline moraine in the southwest margin of Tarim Basin[J].Geology of China,2010,37(4):1183-1190.
[10]童勤龙,卫魏,徐备.塔里木板块西南缘新元古代沉积相和冰期划分[J].中国科学:地球科学,2013,43(5):703-715.TONG Qinlong,WEI Wei,XU Bei.Neoproterozoic sedimentary facies and glaciation on the southwest margin of Tarim Basin[J].Scientia Sinica:Earth Sciences,2013,43(5):703-715.
[11]李朋威,罗平,宋金民,等.塔里木盆地西北缘上震旦统白云岩储层特征[J].海相油气地质,2015,20(4):1-12.LI Pengwei,LUO Ping,SONG Jinmin,et al.Characteristics of Upper Sinian dolomite reservoir in northwest margin of Tarim Basin[J].Marine Origin Petroleum Geology,2015,20(4):1-12.
[12]李朋威,罗平,宋金民,等.微生物碳酸盐岩储层特征与主控因素:以塔里木盆地西北缘上震旦统—下寒武统为例[J].石油学报,2015,36(9):1074-1089.LI Pengwei,LUO Ping,SONG Jinmin,et al.Reservoir characteristics and main controlling factors of microbial carbonate rocks:a case study of Upper Sinian-Lower Cambrian in the northwest margin of Tarim Basin[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2015,36(9):1074-1089.
[13]李朋威,罗平,陈敏,等.塔里木盆地西北缘上震旦统微生物碳酸盐岩储层特征与成因[J].石油与天然气地质,2015,36(3):416-428.LI Pengwei,LUO Ping,CHEN Min,et al.Characteristics and genesis of Sinian microbial carbonate reservoir in the northwestern margin of Tarim Basin[J].Oil &Gas Geology,2015,36(3):416-428.
[14]HE Jingwen,ZHU Wenbin,GE Rongfeng,et al.Detrital zircon U-Pb ages and Hf isotopes of Neoproterozoic strata in the Aksu Area,Northwestern Tarim Craton:implications for supercontinent reconstruction and crustal evolution[J].Precambrian Research,2014,254(8):194-209.
[15]TURNER S A.edimentary record of Late Neoproterozoic rifting in the NW Tarim Basin,China[J].Precambrian Research,2010,181(1):85-96.
[16]吴林,管树巍,杨海军,等.塔里木北部新元古代裂谷盆地古地理格局与油气勘探潜力[J].石油学报,2017,38(4):375-385.WU Lin,GUAN Shuwei,YANG Haijun,et al.Paleogeographic pattern and petroleum exploration potential of Neoproterozoic rift in Northern Tarim Basin[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2017,38(4):375-385.
[17]康建威,牟传龙,周恳恳,等.塔里木盆地北缘阿克苏地区震旦系露头层序地层研究[J].沉积与特提斯地质,2016,36(2):47-54.KANG Jianwei,MU Chuanlong,ZHOU Kenken,et al.Sequence stratigraphy of Sinian outcrop in Aksu Area on the northern margin of Tarim Basin[J].Sedimentary Geology and Tethyan Geology,2016,36(2):47-54.
[18]石开波,刘波,田景春,等.塔里木盆地震旦纪沉积特征及岩相古地理[J].石油学报,2016,37(11):1343-1360.SHI Kaibo,LIU Bo,TIAN Jingchun,et al.Sedimentary characteristics and lithofacies paleogeography of Sinian period in Tarim Basin[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2016,37(11):1343-1360.
[19]贾承造.塔里木盆地构造特征与油气聚集规律[J].新疆石油地质,1999,20(3):177-183.JIA Chengzao.Structural characteristics and hydrocarbon accumulation in Tarim Basin[J].Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,1999,20(3):177-183.
[20]吴永良.塔里木盆地震旦系沉积体系及岩相古地理特征研究[D].四川:成都理工大学,2010:40-42.WU Yongliang.Study on Sinian sedimentary system and lithofacies paleogeography in tarim basin[D].Sichuan:Chengdu University of Technology,2010:40-42.
[21]郭群英,邬光辉,冯晓军,等.塔里木盆地新元古代伸展—挤压构造旋回[J].新疆地质,2015,33(3):335-339.GUO Qunying,WU Guanghui,FENG Xiaojun,et al.The tectonic cycle of Neoproterozoic in Tarim Basin and its hydrocarbon implications[J].Xinjiang Geology,2015,33(3):335-339.
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