史瓦西黑洞外中微子主导吸积盘的质量
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摘要
选取2005年1月—2016年12月期间具有X射线余辉观测的16个γ射线暴的短暴数据样本,估算史瓦西黑洞外中微子主导吸积盘的质量,发现大部分盘的质量远大于模拟的最大值。这个结果表明,短暴要求更大质量的吸积盘,即史瓦西黑洞的吸积不足以提供多数短暴能量,短暴爆发所需要的能量可能需要黑洞的自旋或其他的电磁动力学过程来提供。
We observed 16 short GRBs with X ray afterglow from January 2005 to December 2006 to estimate the mass of the neutrino-dominated accretion disks outside the Schwarzschild black holes and found that the mass of most disks far exceeding the limit in simulations.The results show that most of the short GRBs require massive disks,which means that the accretion of the Schwarzschild black hole is not sufficient to power most short GRBs. The energy to power short GRBs may be provided by the spin of a black hole or other magnetohydrodynamic processes.
We observed 16 short GRBs with X ray afterglow from January 2005 to December 2006 to estimate the mass of the neutrino-dominated accretion disks outside the Schwarzschild black holes and found that the mass of most disks far exceeding the limit in simulations.The results show that most of the short GRBs require massive disks,which means that the accretion of the Schwarzschild black hole is not sufficient to power most short GRBs. The energy to power short GRBs may be provided by the spin of a black hole or other magnetohydrodynamic processes.
引文
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[2]GU W M,LIU T,LU J F.Neutrino-dominated accretion models for gamma-ray bursts:effects of general relativity and neutrino opacity[J].Astrophysical Journal,2006,643(2):87-90.
[3]POPHAM R,WOOSLEY S E,FRYER C.Hyperaccreting black holes and gamma-ray bursts[J].Astrophysical Journal,1999(518):356-374.
[4]RUFFERT M,JANKA H T.Colliding neutron stars:gravitational waves,neutrino emission,and gamma-ray bursts[J].Astronomy and Astrophysics,1998(338):535-555.
[5]KIUCHI K,SEKIGUCHI Y,SHIBATA M,et al.Long-term general relativistic simulation of binary neutron stars collapsing to a black hole[J].Physical Review DParticles&Fields,2009(80):45-61.
[6]LEE W H,KLUZNIAK W.Newtonian hydrodynamics of the coalescence of black holes with neutron stars(I):tidally locked binaries with a stiff equation of state[J].Astrophysical Journal,1999(526):178-199.
[7]LIU T,LIANG E W,GU W M,et al.Radial angular momentum transfer and magnetic barrier for short-type gamma-ray burst central engine activity[J].Astrophysical Journal,2012(760):63-70.
[8]FAN Y Z,WEI D M.Short Gamma-Ray bursts:the mass of the accretion disk and the initial radius of the outflow[J].Astrophysical Journal,2011(739):47-54.
[9]EICHLER D,LIVIO M,PIRAN T,et al.Nucleosynthesis,neutrino bursts and gamma-rays from coalescing neutron stars[J].Nature,1989(340):126-128.
[10]XUE L,LIU T,GU W M,et al.Relativistic global solutions of neutrin-dominated accretion flows[J].Astrophysical Journal,2013(207):23-35.
[11]ALOY M A,JANKA H T,MULLER E.Relativistic outflows from remnants of compact object mergers and their viability for short gamma-ray bursts[J].Astronomy and Astrophysics,2005(436):273-311.
[12]BERGER E,KULKARNI S R,FRAIL D A.A standard kinetic energy reservoir in gamma-ray burst afterglows[J].Astrophysical Journal,2003(590):379-385.
[13]BERGER E.Short-duration gamma-ray bursts[J].Annual Review of Astronomy and Astropysics,2014(52):43-105.
[14]GRUPE D,BURROWS D N,PATEL S K,et al.Jet breaks in short gamma-ray bursts(I):the uncollimated afterglow of GRB 050724[J].Astrophysical Journal,2006(653):462-467.
[15]SODERBERG A M,BERGER E,KASLIWAL M,et al.The afterglow,energetics,and host galaxy of the short-hard gamma-ray burst 051221a[J].Astrophysical Journal,2006(650):261-271.
[16]PASQUALE M D,SCHADY P,KUIN N P M,et al.Swift and fermi observations of the early afterglow of the short gamma-ray burst 090510[J].Astrophysical Journal Letter,2009,709(2):146-151.
[17]GUELBENZU A N,KLOSE S,ROSSI A,et al.GRB 090426:discovery of a jet break in a short burst afterglow[J].Astronomy and Astrophysics,2011(531):6-13.
[18]FONG W,BERGER E,MARGUTTI R,et al.Jet break in the X-ray light curve of short GRB 111020A:implications forenergetic and rates[J].Astrophysical Journal,2012(756):189-200.
[19]MARGUTTI R,BERGER E,FONG W,et al.The afterglow and environment of the short GRB 111117A[J].Astrophysical Journal,2012(756):63-72.
[20]BERGER E,FONG W,CHORNOCK R,et al.An r-process kilonova associated with the short-hard GRB 130603B[J].Astrophysical Journal Letter,2013(774):23-26.
[21]FONG W,BERGER E.The locations of short gamma-ray bursts as evidence for compact object binary progenitors[J].Astrophysical Journal,2013(776):18-33.
[22]LIU T,LIN Y Q,HOU S J,et al.Can balck hole neutrino-cooled disks power short gamma-ray bursts[J].Astrophysical Journal,2015(806):58-64.
[23]FONG W,MARGUTTI R,CHORNOCK R,et al.The afterglow and early-type host galaxy of the short GRB 150101B at z=0.134 3[J].Astrophysical Journal,2016(833):151-164.
[24]LYU H J,ZHANG H M,ZHONG S Q,et al.Magnetar central engine and possible gravitational wave emission of nearby short GRB 160821B[J].Astrophysical Journal,2017(835):181-189.