生物炭增强黄绵土对西替利嗪的吸附作用
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摘要
生物炭可以作为稳定剂控制污染物在土壤中的迁移转化,削减其环境风险.以西替利嗪(cetirizine,CTZ)为目标污染物,黄绵土为供试土壤,采用吸附批实验法,研究添加了不同质量比、不同碳化温度核桃壳生物炭的土壤对CTZ的吸附作用.结果表明,生物炭对CTZ的吸附能力均强于土壤.添加400~700℃制备的生物炭可显著增强黄绵土对CTZ的吸附能力,这主要与添加生物炭后比表面积(SA)和含碳量相比土壤增大有关.土壤-生物炭混合体系(除添加300℃制备的生物炭)对CTZ吸附分配系数的实验值相比理论值偏小.这是由于土壤和生物炭组分之间发生了一定的相互作用,土壤中有机质及其它组分会与生物炭吸附位点相互堵塞或相互竞争.添加400~700℃制备的核桃壳生物炭有利于稳定土壤中的CTZ,但溶液中CTZ浓度相对较低、添加生物炭的量相对较高时,忽略土壤与生物炭组分之间的相互作用,会高估混合体系对CTZ的吸附能力.
Biochar could be used as a stabilizer to control the migration and transformation of pollutants in soil and reduce their environmental risks. Cetirizine(CTZ) was selected as a target pollutant to investigate the effect of biochar on sorption characteristics of loessial soil by batch experiments. Biochars were produced from walnut shell at different temperatures and added to soil at different mass ratios. The results indicated that all biochars showed obviously higher sorption capacity than loessial soil. The sorption capacity for CTZ was obviously enhanced by soils amended with biochars produced at 400-700℃,which could be attributed to the increased bulk carbon content and specific surface area(SA). Sorption of CTZ to mixtures,excluding the soils amended with biochar produced at 300℃,was lower than the theoretical value. This could be due to the cross-effect between soil components and biochar. At the same time,the organic matter and native sorbates in soil may block or compete for adsorption sites on biochar surface. Biochars would be helpful to stabilize the loessial soil contaminated with CTZ. However,for relatively low concentration of CTZ in aqueous solution and soils amended with relatively high biochar mass ratio,the sorption capacity of the mixtures could be overestimated theoretically without considering the cross-effect between soil and biochar.
Biochar could be used as a stabilizer to control the migration and transformation of pollutants in soil and reduce their environmental risks. Cetirizine(CTZ) was selected as a target pollutant to investigate the effect of biochar on sorption characteristics of loessial soil by batch experiments. Biochars were produced from walnut shell at different temperatures and added to soil at different mass ratios. The results indicated that all biochars showed obviously higher sorption capacity than loessial soil. The sorption capacity for CTZ was obviously enhanced by soils amended with biochars produced at 400-700℃,which could be attributed to the increased bulk carbon content and specific surface area(SA). Sorption of CTZ to mixtures,excluding the soils amended with biochar produced at 300℃,was lower than the theoretical value. This could be due to the cross-effect between soil components and biochar. At the same time,the organic matter and native sorbates in soil may block or compete for adsorption sites on biochar surface. Biochars would be helpful to stabilize the loessial soil contaminated with CTZ. However,for relatively low concentration of CTZ in aqueous solution and soils amended with relatively high biochar mass ratio,the sorption capacity of the mixtures could be overestimated theoretically without considering the cross-effect between soil and biochar.
引文
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[2]van Balen G P,Caron G,Ermondi G,et al.Lipophilicity behaviour of the zwitterionic antihistamine cetirizine in phosphatidylcholine liposomes/water systems[J].Pharmaceutical Research,2001,18(5):694-701.
[3]N9dler K,Licha T,Bester K,et al.Development of a multiresidue analytical method,based on liquid chromatographytandem mass spectrometry,for the simultaneous determination of46 micro-contaminants in aqueous samples[J].Journal of Chromatography A,2010,1217(42):6511-6521.
[4]Fick J,S9derstr9m H,Lindberg R H,et al.Contamination of surface,ground,and drinking water from pharmaceutical production[J].Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry,2009,28(12):2522-2527.
[5]Bahlmann A,Carvalho J J,Weller M G,et al.Immunoassays as high-throughput tools:monitoring spatial and temporal variations of carbamazepine,caffeine and cetirizine in surface and wastewaters[J].Chemosphere,2012,89(11):1278-1286.
[6]Wennmalm,Gunnarsson B.Pharmaceutical management through environmental product labeling in Sweden[J].Environment International,2009,35(5):775-777.
[7]Kosonen J,Kronberg L.The occurrence of antihistamines in sewage waters and in recipient rivers[J].Environmental Science and Pollution Research,2009,16(5):555-564.
[8]Lehmann J,Joesph S.Biochar for environmental management:science and technology[M].London:Earthscan,2009.
[9]Tan X F,Liu Y G,Zeng G M,et al.Application of biochar for the removal of pollutants from aqueous solutions[J].Chemosphere,2015,125:70-85.
[10]Jin J,Sun K,Wu F C,et al.Single-solute and bi-solute sorption of phenanthrene and dibutyl phthalate by plant-and manurederived biochars[J].Science of the Total Environment,2014,473-474:308-316.
[11]Li H L,Qu R H,Li C,et al.Selective removal of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)from soil washing effluents using biochars produced at different pyrolytic temperatures[J].Bioresource Technology,2014,163:193-198.
[12]Knauer K,Sobek A,Bucheli T D.Reduced toxicity of diuron to the freshwater green alga Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata in the presence of black carbon[J].Aquatic Toxicology,2007,83(2):143-148.
[13]吴晴雯,孟梁,张志豪,等.芦苇秸秆生物炭对水中菲和1,1-二氯乙烯的吸附特性[J].环境科学,2016,37(2):680-688.Wu Q W,Meng L,Zhang Z H,et al.Sorption characteristics of phenanthrene and 1,1-dichloroethene onto reed straw biochar in aquatic solutions[J].Environmental Science,2016,37(2):680-688.
[14]Beesley L,Moreno-Jiménez E,Gomez-Eyles J L.Effects of biochar and greenwaste compost amendments on mobility,bioavailability and toxicity of inorganic and organic contaminants in a multi-element polluted soil[J].Environmental Pollution,2010,158(6):2282-2287.
[15]Chen B L,Yuan M X.Enhanced sorption of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by soil amended with biochar[J].Journal of Soils and Sediments,2010,11(1):62-71.
[16]Jones D L,Edwards-Jones G,Murphy D V.Biochar mediated alterations in herbicide breakdown and leaching in soil[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2011,43(4):804-813.
[17]Yu X Y,Ying G G,Kookana R S.Reduced plant uptake of pesticides with biochar additions to soil[J].Chemosphere,2009,76(5):665-671.
[18]TeixidóM,Hurtado C,Pignatello J J,et al.Predicting contaminant adsorption in black carbon(biochar)-amended soil for the veterinary antimicrobial sulfamethazine[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2013,47(12):6197-6205.
[19]Nham H T T,Greskowiak J,N9dler K,et al.Modeling the transport behavior of 16 emerging organic contaminants during soil aquifer treatment[J].Science of the Total Environment,2015,514:450-458.
[20]Valhondo C,Carrera J,Ayora C,et al.Characterizing redox conditions and monitoring attenuation of selected pharmaceuticals during artificial recharge through a reactive layer[J].Science of the Total Environment,2015,512-513:240-250.
[21]Fang Q L,Chen B L,Lin Y J,et al.Aromatic and hydrophobic surfaces of wood-derived biochar enhance perchlorate adsorption via hydrogen bonding to oxygen-containing organic groups[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2014,48(1):279-288.
[22]陈有梅,刘博,周安宁,等.盐酸西替利嗪/蒙脱土纳米复合物的制备及其结构与性能[J].复合材料学报,2010,27(1):43-50.Chen Y M,Liu B,Zhou A N,et al.Preparation,structure and properties of cetirizine hydrochloride/montmorillonite nanocomposites[J].Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica,2010,27(1):43-50.
[23]Sun K,Kang M J,Ro K S,et al.Variation in sorption of propiconazole with biochars:the effect of temperature,mineral,molecular structure,and nano-porosity[J].Chemosphere,2016,142:56-63.
[24]Ding Y,Liu Y G,Liu S B,et al.Biochar to improve soil fertility.A review[J].Agronomy for Sustainable Development,2016,36(2):36.
[25]Novak J M,Busscher W J,Laird D L,et al.Impact of biochar amendment on fertility of a southeastern coastal plain soil[J].Soil Science,2009,174(2):105-112.
[26]Liang B Q,Lehmann J,Solomon D,et al.Stability of biomassderived black carbon in soils[J].Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,2008,72(24):6069-6078.
[27]Li J F,Li S J,Dong H P,et al.Role of alumina and montmorillonite in changing the sorption of herbicides to biochars[J].Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry,2015,63(24):5740-5746.
[28]Vulava V M,Cory W C,Murphey V L,et al.Sorption,photodegradation,and chemical transformation of naproxen and ibuprofen in soils and water[J].Science of the Total Environment,2016,565:1063-1070.
[29]Zheng H,Wang Z Y,Zhao J,et al.Sorption of antibiotic sulfamethoxazole varies with biochars produced at different temperatures[J].Environmental Pollution,2013,181:60-67.
[30]Chen B L,Chen Z M.Sorption of naphthalene and 1-naphthol by biochars of orange peels with different pyrolytic temperatures[J].Chemosphere,2009,76(1):127-133.
[31]Zhang G X,Zhang Q,Sun K,et al.Sorption of simazine to corn straw biochars prepared at different pyrolytic temperatures[J].Environmental Pollution,2011,159(10):2594-2601.
[32]张振国,蒋煜峰,慕仲锋,等.生物炭对西北黄土吸附壬基酚的影响[J].环境科学,2016,37(11):4428-4436.Zhang Z G,Jiang Y F,Mu Z F,et al.Effect of biochar on adsorption behavior of nonylphenol onto loess soil in northwest China[J].Environmental Science,2016,37(11):4428-4436.
[33]Ouyang W,Zhao X C,Tysklind M,et al.Typical agricultural diffuse herbicide sorption with agricultural waste-derived biochars amended soil of high organic matter content[J].Water Research,2016,92:156-163.
[34]Jin J,Kang M J,Sun K,et al.Properties of biochar-amended soils and their sorption of imidacloprid,isoproturon,and atrazine[J].Science of the Total Environment,2016,550:504-513.
[35]吴蒨蒨.生物炭增强土壤吸附阿特拉津的作用及机理[D].杭州:浙江大学,2016.Wu Q Q.Enhanced sorption of atrazine to soils amended with biochars[D].Hangzhou:Zhejiang University,2016.