钙基CO_2吸附剂的惰性掺杂和形貌调控研究进展
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摘要
有效捕集CO_2对于缓解亟待解决的温室效应、气候变暖、环境污染和能源危机问题具有重大意义。钙基吸附材料因为CO_2吸附容量高及成本低廉而受到了广泛关注。本文介绍了钙基吸附剂的CO_2吸附机理,着重阐述了显著提高吸附性能的两种改性方法,包括惰性掺杂和形貌调控。归纳了利用Zr、Ce、Mn、Mg、Al等塔曼温度较高或富含氧空穴的金属氧化物对氧化钙进行单掺杂和复合掺杂改性,针对合成方法、吸脱附条件、惰性组分掺杂量、钙基前体等不同参数对掺杂改性钙基CO_2吸附剂性能的影响进行总结。同时指出,采用聚苯乙烯小球、碳凝胶、碳球、表面活性剂等制备得到的中空结构球形钙基吸附剂或实心结构球形钙基吸附剂,具有良好的CO_2吸附容量和吸附稳定性。提出两种改性方法距离工业化应用还有较大的差距,亟需深入探讨吸附剂的结构与性能之间的关系,从而为吸附剂的设计提供理论指导。
Carbon capture/storage(CCS) is of great significance to solve the problems of greenhouse effect, climate warming, environmental pollution and energy crisis. More attention has been paid on Ca-based sorbents because their high adsorption capacity and lower cost. The characteristics and adsorptionmechanism of calcium-based CO_2 sorbents are introduced. This paper focuses on two modificationmethods of calcium-based sorbents, including incorporation of refractory metals into CaO and morphologymodification, which are effective to improve the stability. Single and co-doping by metal oxides with high Tamman temperatures or more oxygen vacancies, such as Zr, Ce, Mn, Mg, Al, are introduced. Theinfluence of synthetic methods, conditions of adsorption-desorption, content of inert material, and theprecursor on the performance of calcium-based sorbents is discussed. The hollow and solid spherical particles of calcium-based sorbents prepared by polystyrene beads, carbon aerogels, and carbon sphere,have favorable adsorption capacity and stability. However, there is still a long way to go for realizing the industrial application. It is urgent to explore the relationship between the structure and the performance,so as to provide the theoretical guidance.
Carbon capture/storage(CCS) is of great significance to solve the problems of greenhouse effect, climate warming, environmental pollution and energy crisis. More attention has been paid on Ca-based sorbents because their high adsorption capacity and lower cost. The characteristics and adsorptionmechanism of calcium-based CO_2 sorbents are introduced. This paper focuses on two modificationmethods of calcium-based sorbents, including incorporation of refractory metals into CaO and morphologymodification, which are effective to improve the stability. Single and co-doping by metal oxides with high Tamman temperatures or more oxygen vacancies, such as Zr, Ce, Mn, Mg, Al, are introduced. Theinfluence of synthetic methods, conditions of adsorption-desorption, content of inert material, and theprecursor on the performance of calcium-based sorbents is discussed. The hollow and solid spherical particles of calcium-based sorbents prepared by polystyrene beads, carbon aerogels, and carbon sphere,have favorable adsorption capacity and stability. However, there is still a long way to go for realizing the industrial application. It is urgent to explore the relationship between the structure and the performance,so as to provide the theoretical guidance.
引文
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[2]朱战敏.钙基高温CO2吸附剂的研究[D].西安:西北大学,2016.ZHU Zhanmin.Research on calcium based high temperature carbon dioxide adsorbent[D].Xi’an:Northwest University,2016.
[3]BHATIA S K,PERLMUTER D D.Effect of the product layer on the kinetics of the CO2-lime reaction[J].AIChE Journal,1983,29:79-86.
[4]LU H,KHAN A,PRATSINIS S E,et al.Flame-made durable doped-CaO nanosorbents for CO2capture[J].Energy&Fuel,2009,23(1/2):1093-1100.
[5]WU S F,BEUM T H,YANG J I,et al.Properties of Ca-base CO2sorbent using Ca(OH)2as precursor[J].Industrial&Engineering Chemistry Research,2007,46:7896-7899.
[6]SULTANA K S,CHEN D.Enhanced hydrogen production by in situ CO2removal on CaCeZrOx nanocrystals[J].Catalysis Today,2011,171:43-51.
[7]KOIRALA R,GUNUGUNURI K R,PRATSINIS S E,et al.Effect of zirconia doping on the structure and stability of CaO-based sorbents for CO2capture during extended operating cycles[J].Journal of Physical Chemistry C,2011,115(50):24804-24812.
[8]RADFARNIA H R,ILIUTA M C.Metal oxide-stabilized calcium oxide CO2sorbent for multicycle operation[J].Chemical Engineering Journal,2013,232:280-289.
[9]ZHAO M,BILTON M,BROWN A P,et al.Durability of CaO-CaZrO3sorbents for high-temperature CO2capture prepared by a wet chemical method[J].Energy&Fuel,2014,28(2):1275-1283.
[10]ZHAO C J,ZHOU Z M,CHENG Z M.Sol-gel-derived synthetic CaO-based CO2sorbents incorporated with different inert materials[J].Industrial&Engineering Chemistry Research,2014,53(36):14065-14074.
[11]BRODA M,MüLLER C R.Sol-gel-derived,CaO-based,ZrO2-stabilized CO2sorbents[J].Fuel,2014,127:94-100.
[12]MOHAMMADI M,LAHIJANI P,MOHAMED A R.Refractory dopant-incorporated CaO from waste eggshell as sustainable sorbent for CO2capture:experimental and kinetic studies[J].Chemical Engineering Journal,2014,243:455-464.
[13]RADFARNIA H R,ILIUTA M C.Development of zirconiumstabilized calcium oxide absorbent for cyclic high-temperature CO2capture[J].Industrial&Engineering Chemistry Research,2012,51(31):10390-10398.
[14]REDDY G K,QUILLIN S,SMIRNIOTIS P.Influence of the synthesis method on the structure and CO2adsorption properties of Ca/Zr sorbents[J].Energy&Fuels,2014,28(5):3292-3299.
[15]PHROMPRASIT J,POWELL J,WONGSAKULPHASATCH S,et al.H2production from sorption enhanced steam reforming of biogas using multifunctional catalysts of Ni over Zr-,Ce-and Lamodified CaO sorbents[J].Chemical Engineering Journal,2017,313:1415-1425.
[16]WANG S P,FAN S S,FAN L J,et al.Effect of cerium oxide doping on the performance of CaO-based sorbents during calcium looping cycles[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2015,49(8):5021-5027.
[17]LIU X T,SHI J F,HE L,et al.Modification of CaO-based sorbents prepared from calcium acetate for CO2capture at high temperature[J].Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering,2017,25:572-580.
[18]YANASE I,MAEDA T,KOBAYASHI H.The effect of addition of a large amount of CeO2on the CO2adsorption properties of CaOpowder[J].Chemical Engineering Journal,2017,327:548-554.
[19]张雷,张力,闫云飞,等.掺杂Ce、Zr对CO2钙基吸附剂循环特性的影响[J].化工学报,2015,66(2):612-617.ZHANG Lei,ZHANG Li,YAN Yunfei,et al.Effect of Ce,Zr on cyclic performance of CaO-based CO2sorbents[J].CIESC Journal,2015,66(2):612-617.
[20]CHEN H,ZHANG P,DUAN Y,et al.Reactivity enhancement of calcium based sorbents by doped with metal oxides through the sol-gel process[J].Applied Energy,2016,162:390-400.
[21]LI Y J,ZHAO C S,DUAN L B,et al.Cyclic calcination/carbonation looping of dolomite modified with acetic acid for CO2capture[J].Fuel Processing Technology,2008,89(12):1461-1469.
[22]REDDY E P,SMIRNIOTIS P G.High-temperature sorbents for CO2made of alkali metals doped on CaO supports[J].Journal of Physical Chemistry B,2004,108(23):7794-7800.
[23]CHEN H,ZHANG P,DUAN Y,et al.Reactivity enhancement of calcium based sorbents by doped with metal oxides through the sol-gel process[J].Applied Energy,2016,162:390-400.
[24]SUN R,LI Y,LIU H,et al.CO2capture performance of calciumbased sorbent doped with manganese salts during calcium looping cycle[J].Applied Energy,2012,89(1):368-373.
[25]LI L,KING D L,NIE Z,et al.Magnesia-stabilized calcium oxide absorbents with improved durability for high temperature CO2capture[J].Industrial&Engineering Chemistry Research,2009,48(23):10604-10613.
[26]PARK J,YI K B.Effects of preparation method on cyclic stability and CO2absorption capacity of synthetic CaO-MgO absorbent for sorption-enhanced hydrogen production[J].International Journal of Hydrogen Energy,2012,37(1):95-102.
[27]LAN P Q,WU S F.Synthesis of a porous nano-CaO/MgO-based CO2adsorbent[J].Chemical Engineering Technology,2014,37(4):580-586.
[28]LIU W,FENG B,WU Y,et al.Synthesis of sintering-resistant sorbents for CO2capture[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2010,44(8):3093-3097.
[29]LI Z S,CAI N S,HUANG Y Y,et al.Synthesis,experimental studies,and analysis of a new calcium-based carbon dioxide absorbent[J].Energy&Fuels,2005,19(4):1447-1452.
[30]PACCIANI R,MULLER C R,DAVIDSON J F,et al.Synthetic Ca-based solid sorbents suitable for capturing CO2in a fluidized bed[J].The Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering,2008,86(3):356-366.
[31]KOIRALA R,REDDY G K,SMIRNIOTIS P G.Single nozzle flame-made highly durable metal doped Ca-based sorbents for CO2capture at high temperature[J].Energy&Fuels,2012,26(5):3103-3109.
[32]DENNIS J S,PACCIANI R.The rate and extent of uptake of CO2by a synthetic,CaO-containing sorbent[J].Chemical Engineering Science,2009,64(9):2147-2157.
[33]ZHOU Z M,QI Y,XIE M M,et al.Synthesis of CaO-based sorbents through incorporation of alumina/aluminate and their CO2capture performance[J].Chemical Engineering Science,2012,74:172-180.
[34]MARTAVALTZI C S,LEMONIDOU A A.Development of new CaO based sorbent materials for CO2removal at high temperature[J].Microporous and Mesoporous Materials,2008,110(1):119-127.
[35]WU S F,LI Q H,KIM J N,et al.Properties of a nano CaO/Al2O3CO2sorbent[J].Industrial&Engineering Chemistry Research,2008,47(1):180-184.
[36]RADFARNIA H R,ILIUTA M C.Metal oxide-stabilized calcium oxide CO2sorbent for multicycle operation[J].Chemical Engineering Journal,2013,232:280-289.
[37]STENDARDO S,ANDERSEN L K,HERCE C.Self-activation and effect of regeneration conditions in CO2-carbonate looping with CaO-Ca12Al14O33sorbent[J].Chemical Engineering Journal,2013,220:383-394.
[38]SAYYAH M,ITO B R,ROSTAM-ABADI M,et al.CaO-based sorbents for CO2capture prepared by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis[J].RSC Advances,2013,43:19872-19875.
[39]KIM J N,KO C H,YI K B.Sorption enhanced hydrogen production using one-body CaO-Ca12Al14O33-Ni composite as catalytic absorbent[J].International Journal of Hydrogen Energy,2013,38(14):6072-6078.
[40]KIERZKOWSKA A M,POULIKAKOS L V,BRODA M,et al.Synthesis of calcium-based,Al2O3-stabilized sorbents for CO2capture using a coprecipitation technique[J].International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control,2013,15:48-54.
[41]MARTAVALTZI C S,LEMONIDOU A A.Parametric study of the CaO-Ca12Al14O33synthesis with respect to high CO2sorption capacity and stability on multicycle operation[J].Industrial&Engineering Chemistry Research,2008,47(23):9537-9543.
[42]ANGELI S D,MARTAVALTZI C S,LEMONIDOU A A.Development of a novel synthesized Ca-based CO2sorbent for multicycle operation:parametric study of sorption[J].Fuel,2014,127:62-69.
[43]RADFARNIA H R,SAYARI A.A highly efficient CaO-based CO2sorbent prepared by a citrate-assisted sol-gel technique[J].Chemical Engineering Journal,2015,262:913-920.
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