《被掩埋的巨人》:民族信仰与个体道德的悖谬
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摘要
石黑一雄的小说《被掩埋的巨人》以充满虚假性、欺骗性与背叛性的历史为叙述背景,以平凡夫妻寻找儿子与记忆为契机,引入两位善良、正直、坚毅的战士,讲述他们为了各自民族利益而展开的较量、博弈与厮杀。本文从规范伦理制约层面着眼,关注人物主体在民族信仰与个体判断之间的情感张力,从主体伦理困境层面提出个体道德与族群使命的博弈性与不可调解性,从小说伦理层面探究作家极力展现正义之战与和平之选之间矛盾的真正意图。在这部充满悖谬性的作品中,作家融入了其对生命的深刻体察,表达了对民族信仰的怀疑之思和对人类苦难命运的怜悯之情,并最终以无解的方式直面人类逃脱生存困境的救赎之路。
With the history that was full of falsity,deception and betrayal as the narrative backdrop and the ordinary couple who was looking for son and memory as an opportunity,Kazuo Ishiguro's The Buried Giant introduced two virtuous,honest,and resolute fighters who had to compete and fight for their own national interests. The paper focused on the emotional tension between the subjects' national belief and individual judgment from the perspective of normative ethical constraints,put forward the gaming and irreconcilability between individual morality and ethnic mission from the perspective of subjects' ethical dilemma,and probed into the real intention of contradiction between the war of justice and the choice of peace the author tried to show from the perspective of ethical choice. In this paradoxical work,the writer integrated his own deep sense of life,expressed his doubts about national belief and compassion for the fate of human suffering and eventually confronted the road of redemption that human beings escaped from the plight of survival in an unsolvable way.
With the history that was full of falsity,deception and betrayal as the narrative backdrop and the ordinary couple who was looking for son and memory as an opportunity,Kazuo Ishiguro's The Buried Giant introduced two virtuous,honest,and resolute fighters who had to compete and fight for their own national interests. The paper focused on the emotional tension between the subjects' national belief and individual judgment from the perspective of normative ethical constraints,put forward the gaming and irreconcilability between individual morality and ethnic mission from the perspective of subjects' ethical dilemma,and probed into the real intention of contradiction between the war of justice and the choice of peace the author tried to show from the perspective of ethical choice. In this paradoxical work,the writer integrated his own deep sense of life,expressed his doubts about national belief and compassion for the fate of human suffering and eventually confronted the road of redemption that human beings escaped from the plight of survival in an unsolvable way.
引文
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[15]李建军.论《创业史》的小说伦理问题[J].南方文坛,2012(2).
[16]王烨.历史的主观性和意识形态蕴含———石黑一雄小说对历史权威的反抗[J].山西师大学报(社会科学版),2016(3).
[17]万俊人.正义的和平如何可能———康德《永久和平论》与罗尔斯《万民法》的批判性解读[J].江苏社会科学,2004(5).
[2]谷伟.沤浮泡影———略论《千万别弃我而去》中“黑尔舍姆”的体制悖论[J].外国文学,2010(5).
[3]万俊人.信仰危机的“现代性”根源及其文化解释[J].清华大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2001(1).
[4]程亚林.悲剧意识[M].长春:吉林教育出版杜,1994.
[5]李丹玲.《千万别让我走》中道德冷漠的社会生产[J].外国文学评论,2016(3).
[6]齐格蒙·鲍曼.现代性与大屠杀[M].南京:译林出版社,2002.
[7]别尔嘉耶夫.人的奴役与自由[M].贵阳:贵州人民出版社,2007.
[8]石黑一雄.如何直面“被掩埋的巨人”———石黑一雄访谈录[J].外国文学动态研究,2017(1).
[9]石黑一雄.石黑一雄访谈录[J].当代外国文学,2005(4).
[10]杜明业.《别让我走》的文学伦理学解读[J].外国文学研究,2014(3).
[11]聂珍钊.文学伦理学批评导论[M].北京:北京大学出版社,2014.
[12]石黑一雄.被掩埋的巨人[M].上海:上海译文出版社,2016.
[13]万俊人.从政治正义到社会和谐———以罗尔斯为中心的当代政治哲学反思[J].哲学动态,2005(6).
[14]李建军.小说伦理的“去作者化问题”[J].中国社会科学,2012(8).
[15]李建军.论《创业史》的小说伦理问题[J].南方文坛,2012(2).
[16]王烨.历史的主观性和意识形态蕴含———石黑一雄小说对历史权威的反抗[J].山西师大学报(社会科学版),2016(3).
[17]万俊人.正义的和平如何可能———康德《永久和平论》与罗尔斯《万民法》的批判性解读[J].江苏社会科学,2004(5).