环境因子对周丛生物的影响研究进展
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摘要
周丛生物在水生生态系统的初级生产、营养循环和食物网中发挥了重要作用.而周丛生物群落的结构和功能受营养、光、大型水生植物、牧食者、沉积物、水力扰动和水位、pH和碱度的影响.其中,营养、光照、牧食者强烈地影响周丛生物的数量和生产.沉积物除直接供给附泥周丛生物营养外,还通过大型水生植物间接影响附植周丛群落.水力扰动和水位可以影响周丛生物群落的空间分布、局域密度和种类结构.pH和碱度变化主要造成周丛群落优势种的变化.展望了周丛生物的应用和研究前景.
Periphyton plays a key role in primary productivity,nutrient cycling,and food web interactions in freshwater ecosystems.There are quite a few factors such as nutrient,light,macrophyte,grazer,sediment,waterpower,water level,pH and alkalinity influencing periphytic community structure and function.In general,the mass and productivity of periphyton are strongly influenced by nutrient,light and grazer.The effects of sediment on epipelic periphyton are direct as nutrient source,while the effects on epiphytic periphyton are indirect through influencing macrophytes.The periphytic spatial distribution,local density,and species structure are effected by the actions of waterpower and water level.Otherwise dominant species of periphyton community can be changed by pH and alkalinity.An outlook of future prospects of periphyton studies and applications were given.
Periphyton plays a key role in primary productivity,nutrient cycling,and food web interactions in freshwater ecosystems.There are quite a few factors such as nutrient,light,macrophyte,grazer,sediment,waterpower,water level,pH and alkalinity influencing periphytic community structure and function.In general,the mass and productivity of periphyton are strongly influenced by nutrient,light and grazer.The effects of sediment on epipelic periphyton are direct as nutrient source,while the effects on epiphytic periphyton are indirect through influencing macrophytes.The periphytic spatial distribution,local density,and species structure are effected by the actions of waterpower and water level.Otherwise dominant species of periphyton community can be changed by pH and alkalinity.An outlook of future prospects of periphyton studies and applications were given.
引文
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[4]Vadeboncoeur Y,Lodged M,Carpenter S R.Whole-lake fertilization effects ondistribution of primary production between benthic and pelagic habi-tats[J].Ecology,2001,82(4):1065-1077.
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[11]Harris G P.Temporal and spatial scales in phytoplankton ecology:mechanisms,methods,models,and management[J].Canadian Journal ofFisheries and Aquatic Sciences,1980,37(5):877-900.
[12]Pandey U.The influence of DOC trends on light climate and periphyton biomass in the Ganga River,Varanasi,India[J].Bull Environ ContamToxicol,2013,90(1):143-147.
[13]Denicola D M,Mcintire C D.Effects of substrate relief on the distribution of periphyton in laboratory streams.II.Interactions with irradiance[J].Journal of Phycology,1999,26(4):634-641.
[14]Lorenz R C,Monaco M E,Herdendorf C E.Miminmum light requirements for substrate colonization by Cladophora glomerata[J].Journal ofGreat Lakes Research,1991,17(4):536-542.
[15]Hillebrand H,Montpellier G D,Liess A.Effects of macrograzers and light on periphyton stoichiometry[J].Oikos,2004,106(1):93-104.
[16]Schéffer M,Vanden Berg M,Breukelaar A,et al.Vegetated areas with clear water in turbid shallow lakes[J].Aquatic Botany,1994,49(2/3):193-196.
[17]Dodds W K.A modified fiber-optic light microprobe to measure spherically integrated photosynthetic photon flux density:characterization of per-iphyton photosynthesis-irradiance patterns[J].Limnology and Oceanography,1992,37(4):871-878.
[18]Ploug H,Lassen C,Jorgensen B B.Action spectra of microalgal photosynthesis and depth distribution of spectral scalar irradiance in a coastalmarine sediment of Limfjorden,Denmark[J].FEMS Microbiology Ecology,1993,102(3/4):261-270.
[19]Pakulski J D.Folia release of soluble reactive phosphorus from Spartina alterniflora in a Georgia(USA)salt marsh[J].Marine Ecology Pro-gress Series,1992,90:53-60.
[20]Burkholder J M.Interactions of benthic algae with their substrata[C]//Stevenson R J,Bothwell M L,Lowe R L.Algal ecology:Freshwaterbenthic Ecosystems.London:Academic Press,1996:253-297.
[21]Burkholder J M,Wetzel R G.Epiphytic alkaline phosphatase activity on natural and artificial plants in a P-limited lake:re-evaluation of therole of macrophytes as a phosphorus source for epiphytes[J].Limnology and Oceanography,1990,35(3):736-746.
[22]Gross E M,Meyer H,Schilling G.Release and ecological impact of algicidal hydrolyzable polyphenols in Myriophyllum spicatum[J].Phyto-chemistry,1996,41(1):133-138.
[23]Lamberti G A,Resh V H.Stream periphyton and insect herbivores:an experimental study of grazing by a caddisfly population[J].Ecology,1983,64(5):1124-1135.
[24]Flint R W,Gololdman C R.The effects of a benthic grazer on the primary productivity of the littoral zone of Lake Tahoe[J].Limnology and O-ceanography,1975,20(6):935-944.
[25]Baxter L R,Sibley P K,Solomon K R,et al.Interactions between atrazine and phosphorus in aquatic systems:effects on phytoplankton and periphy-ton[J].Chemosphere,2013,90(3):1069-1076.
[26]Wetzen R G.Limnology:lake and river ecosystems[M].San Diego:Academic Press,2001.
[27]Barko J W,Gunnison D,Carpenter S R.Sediment interations with submersed macrophyte growth and community dynamics[J].Aquatic Bota-ny,1991,41(1/2/3):41-65.
[28]Barko J W,Smart R M.Mobilization of sediment phosphorus by submersed freshwater macrophytes[J].Freshwater Biology,1980,10(3):229-238.
[29]Carrick H J,Aldridgel F J,Schelske C L.Wind influences phytoplankton biomass and composition in a shallow,productive lake[J].Limnolo-gy and Oceanography,1993,38:1179-1182.
[30]Greenwood J L,Lowe R L.The effects of pH on a periphyton community in an acidic wetland,USA[J].Hydrobiologia,2006,561(1):71-82.
[31]Hasler P,stěpánkováJ.Epipelic cyanobacteria and algae:a case study from Czech fishponds[J].Fottea,2008,8(2):139-154.
[32]Ohlauson C,Eriksson K M,Blanck H.Short-term effects of medetomidine on photosynthesis and proten synthesis in periphyton,epipsammon andplankton communities in relation to predicted environmental concentrations[J].Biofouling,2012,28(5):491-499.
[2]Nelson C E,Danuta M B,Bradley J C.Consistency and sensitivity of stream periphyton community structural and functional responses to nutrientenrichment[J].Ecological Applications,2013,23:159-173.
[3]Jeppesen E,Jensen J P,Sndergaard M,et al.Trophic structure,species richness and biodiversity in Danish lakes:changes along a phosphorusgradient[J].Freshwater Biology,2000,45(2):201-218.
[4]Vadeboncoeur Y,Lodged M,Carpenter S R.Whole-lake fertilization effects ondistribution of primary production between benthic and pelagic habi-tats[J].Ecology,2001,82(4):1065-1077.
[5]Cattaneo A.Periphyton in lakes of different trophy[J].Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences,1987,44(2):296-303.
[6]Vadeboncoeur Y,Jeppesen E,Vander Zanden M J,et al.From greenland to greenlakes:cultural eutrophication and the loss of benthic pathwaysinlakes[J].Limnology and Oceanography,2003,48(4):1408-1418.
[7]Murdock J N,Shields F D J,Lizotte R E J.Periphyton responses to nutrient and atrazine mixtures introduced through agricultural runoff[J].Eco-toxicology,2013,22(2):215-230.
[8]Sand-Jensen K S,Ndergaard M.Phytoplankton and epiphyte development and their shading effect on submerged macrophytes in lakes of differentnutrient status[J].Internationale Revue Gesamten Hydrobiologie,1981,66(4):529-552.
[9]Baffico G D,Pederozo F L.Growth factors controlling periphyton production in a temperate reservoir in Patagonia used for fish farming[J].Lakes&Reservoirs:Research&Management,1996,2(3/4):243-249.
[10]Sommer U.Nutrient competition experiments with periphyton from the Baltic Sea[J].Marine Ecology Progress Series,1996,140:161-167.
[11]Harris G P.Temporal and spatial scales in phytoplankton ecology:mechanisms,methods,models,and management[J].Canadian Journal ofFisheries and Aquatic Sciences,1980,37(5):877-900.
[12]Pandey U.The influence of DOC trends on light climate and periphyton biomass in the Ganga River,Varanasi,India[J].Bull Environ ContamToxicol,2013,90(1):143-147.
[13]Denicola D M,Mcintire C D.Effects of substrate relief on the distribution of periphyton in laboratory streams.II.Interactions with irradiance[J].Journal of Phycology,1999,26(4):634-641.
[14]Lorenz R C,Monaco M E,Herdendorf C E.Miminmum light requirements for substrate colonization by Cladophora glomerata[J].Journal ofGreat Lakes Research,1991,17(4):536-542.
[15]Hillebrand H,Montpellier G D,Liess A.Effects of macrograzers and light on periphyton stoichiometry[J].Oikos,2004,106(1):93-104.
[16]Schéffer M,Vanden Berg M,Breukelaar A,et al.Vegetated areas with clear water in turbid shallow lakes[J].Aquatic Botany,1994,49(2/3):193-196.
[17]Dodds W K.A modified fiber-optic light microprobe to measure spherically integrated photosynthetic photon flux density:characterization of per-iphyton photosynthesis-irradiance patterns[J].Limnology and Oceanography,1992,37(4):871-878.
[18]Ploug H,Lassen C,Jorgensen B B.Action spectra of microalgal photosynthesis and depth distribution of spectral scalar irradiance in a coastalmarine sediment of Limfjorden,Denmark[J].FEMS Microbiology Ecology,1993,102(3/4):261-270.
[19]Pakulski J D.Folia release of soluble reactive phosphorus from Spartina alterniflora in a Georgia(USA)salt marsh[J].Marine Ecology Pro-gress Series,1992,90:53-60.
[20]Burkholder J M.Interactions of benthic algae with their substrata[C]//Stevenson R J,Bothwell M L,Lowe R L.Algal ecology:Freshwaterbenthic Ecosystems.London:Academic Press,1996:253-297.
[21]Burkholder J M,Wetzel R G.Epiphytic alkaline phosphatase activity on natural and artificial plants in a P-limited lake:re-evaluation of therole of macrophytes as a phosphorus source for epiphytes[J].Limnology and Oceanography,1990,35(3):736-746.
[22]Gross E M,Meyer H,Schilling G.Release and ecological impact of algicidal hydrolyzable polyphenols in Myriophyllum spicatum[J].Phyto-chemistry,1996,41(1):133-138.
[23]Lamberti G A,Resh V H.Stream periphyton and insect herbivores:an experimental study of grazing by a caddisfly population[J].Ecology,1983,64(5):1124-1135.
[24]Flint R W,Gololdman C R.The effects of a benthic grazer on the primary productivity of the littoral zone of Lake Tahoe[J].Limnology and O-ceanography,1975,20(6):935-944.
[25]Baxter L R,Sibley P K,Solomon K R,et al.Interactions between atrazine and phosphorus in aquatic systems:effects on phytoplankton and periphy-ton[J].Chemosphere,2013,90(3):1069-1076.
[26]Wetzen R G.Limnology:lake and river ecosystems[M].San Diego:Academic Press,2001.
[27]Barko J W,Gunnison D,Carpenter S R.Sediment interations with submersed macrophyte growth and community dynamics[J].Aquatic Bota-ny,1991,41(1/2/3):41-65.
[28]Barko J W,Smart R M.Mobilization of sediment phosphorus by submersed freshwater macrophytes[J].Freshwater Biology,1980,10(3):229-238.
[29]Carrick H J,Aldridgel F J,Schelske C L.Wind influences phytoplankton biomass and composition in a shallow,productive lake[J].Limnolo-gy and Oceanography,1993,38:1179-1182.
[30]Greenwood J L,Lowe R L.The effects of pH on a periphyton community in an acidic wetland,USA[J].Hydrobiologia,2006,561(1):71-82.
[31]Hasler P,stěpánkováJ.Epipelic cyanobacteria and algae:a case study from Czech fishponds[J].Fottea,2008,8(2):139-154.
[32]Ohlauson C,Eriksson K M,Blanck H.Short-term effects of medetomidine on photosynthesis and proten synthesis in periphyton,epipsammon andplankton communities in relation to predicted environmental concentrations[J].Biofouling,2012,28(5):491-499.