地下空间开发与社会经济指标的相关性研究
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摘要
地下空间是一种重要的资源。本文通过对比研究地下空间开发数据,将中国城市地下空间发展水平进行了分级,并分析不同等级下社会经济的特点,然后分别从不同角度对地下空间指标与人口密度、地均GDP、人均汽车保有量等指标进行了相关性分析。结果表明,不同城市的地下空间开发强度与其地均GDP、人口密度具有高度的线性相关性。以上海市为例研究发现,同一城市不同时期的地下空间开发强度与人口、GDP、汽车保有量等指标可能存在多元线性关系。研究结果一方面验证了地下空间开发对社会经济发展的依赖性,即较高的地均GDP是所须具备的外部条件,较高的人口密度则是内在驱动力。另一方面也表明某些社会经济指标对地下空间发展阶段具有重要的指示作用。
Urban underground space( UUS) is a kind of important space resource. Based on collecting data on UUS developed area and urban economic and social factors,the levels of UUS development in different Chinese cities have been classified. Then the corresponding urban socio-economic characteristics under different levels of UUS development have been compared and analyzed. Afterwards,the correlations between UUS data and socio-economic data,which include permanent population density,GDP per km2 and vehicles possessive quantity per capita,have been respectively analyzed from the horizontal and vertical aspects. The results have shown that there is a highly linear correlation between UUS development intensity and GDP per km2,as well as population density. Furthermore,it has been found that there could be multivariate linear relationship among UUS development intensity,population density,GDP per km2 and vehicles possessive quantity per capita of a certain city( e.g. Shanghai) in different periods of urban development. The results indicate that UUS development is highly depended on urban socio-economic level,that is,high GDP per km2 is an essential external condition while high population density is internal driving force. Also,results indicate that some socio-economic indexes maybe have important indicator function on UUS development stage.
Urban underground space( UUS) is a kind of important space resource. Based on collecting data on UUS developed area and urban economic and social factors,the levels of UUS development in different Chinese cities have been classified. Then the corresponding urban socio-economic characteristics under different levels of UUS development have been compared and analyzed. Afterwards,the correlations between UUS data and socio-economic data,which include permanent population density,GDP per km2 and vehicles possessive quantity per capita,have been respectively analyzed from the horizontal and vertical aspects. The results have shown that there is a highly linear correlation between UUS development intensity and GDP per km2,as well as population density. Furthermore,it has been found that there could be multivariate linear relationship among UUS development intensity,population density,GDP per km2 and vehicles possessive quantity per capita of a certain city( e.g. Shanghai) in different periods of urban development. The results indicate that UUS development is highly depended on urban socio-economic level,that is,high GDP per km2 is an essential external condition while high population density is internal driving force. Also,results indicate that some socio-economic indexes maybe have important indicator function on UUS development stage.
引文
[1]Bobylev N.Mainstreaming sustainable development into a city’s master plan:a case of urban underground space use[J].Land Use Policy,2009,26(4):1128-1137.
[2]Sterling R.Planning for underground space[R].American Planning Association Planning Advisory Service,1983,Report No.375.
[3]He L,Song Y,Dai S Z,et al.Quantitative research on the capacity of urban underground space——the case of Shanghai,China[J].Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology,2012,32(11):168-179.
[4]童林旭.中国城市地下空间的发展道路[J].地下空间与工程学报,2005,1(1):1-6.(Tong Linxu.The way of development of urban underground space in China[J].Chinese Journal of Underground Space and Engineering,2005,1(1):1-6.(in Chinese))
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[7]王波.城市地下空间开发利用问题的探索与实践[D].北京:中国地质大学,2013.(Wang Bo.Exploration and practice of the development and utilization of urban underground space[D].Beijing:China University of Geosciences,2013.(in Chinese))
[8]Liu Y F,Song Z Q,Sun H L.Analysis of the influence of economic factors on the development and utilization of underground space in the city center[J].Applied Mechanics and Materials,2014,584-586:2404-2410.
[9]陈立道,朱雪岩.城市地下空间规划理论与实践[M].上海:同济大学出版社,1997.(Chen Lidao,Zhu Xueyan.The theory and practice of urban underground space planning[M].Shanghai:Tongji University Press,1997.(in Chinese))
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[11]Li X Z,Xu H,Li C C,et al.Study on the demand and driving factors of urban underground space use[J].Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology,2016.55:52-58.
[12]刘莹.三四线城市地下空间规划研究[J].地下空间与工程学报,2016,12(3):593-599.(Liu Ying.Research on underground space planning of third-tier/fourth-tier cities[J].Chinese Journal of Underground Space and Engineering,2016,12(3):593-599.(in Chinese))
[13]冯艳君,曹轶.基于情景分析法的地下空间规模预测[J].地下空间与工程学报,2015,11(5):1094-1103.(Feng Yanjun,Cao Yi.Underground space scale prediction in view of scenario analysis[J].Chinese Journal of Underground Space and Engineering,2015,11(5):1094-1103.(in Chinese))
[14]徐辉,李晓昭,车晶.不同阶段地下空间开发的功能配比研究[J].地下空间与工程学报,2016,12(3),573-579.(Xu Hui,Li Xiaozhao,Che Jing.A research on the function matching of underground space development in different stages[J].Chinese Journal of Underground Space and Engineering,2016,12(3),573-579.(in Chinese))
[15]Bobylev N.Underground space as an urban indicator:Measuring use of subsurface[J].Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology,2016,55:40-51.
[16]孙艳晨,赵景伟.城市地下空间开发强度及布局模式分析[J].四川建筑科学研究,2012,38(4):272-275.(Sun Yanchen,Zhao Jingwei.Urban underground space development intensity and pattern analysis[J].Sichuan Building Science,2012,38(4):272-275.(in Chinese))
[17]钱七虎.中国城市地下空间开发利用的现状评价和前景展望[A]//上海市地下空间综合管理学术研讨会[C].上海,2006:5-9.(Qian Qihu.The current situation evaluation and prospects of Chinese urban underground space development and utilization[A]//Seminar on the integrated management of underground space in Shanghai[C].Shanghai,2006:5-9.(in Chinese))
[18]沈德耀,顾长浩,刘平,等.上海地下空间开发利用综合管理研究[J]政府法制研究,2008(10):1-55.(Shen Deyao,Gu Changhao,Liu Ping,et al.Research on integrated management of Underground space development and utilization in Shanghai[J].Study on the Government Legal System,2008(10):1-55.(in Chinese))
[19]麻永锋.杭州市地下空间开发利用研究[D].杭州:浙江大学,2012.(Ma Yongfeng.Research on underground space development and utilization in Hangzhou city[D].Hangzhou:Zhejiang University,2012.(in Chinese))
[20]熊焕标.南昌市地下空间开发利用效益分析研究[D].南昌:南昌大学,2012.(Xiong Huanbiao.Research and analysis of underground space development utilization efficiency in Nanchang city[J].Nanchang:Nanchang University,2012.(in Chinese))
[21]贺俏毅,蔡庚洋.中小城市地下空间开发利用规划实践——以浙江省绍兴县地下空间开发利用专项规划为例[J].规划师,2014(1):42-47.(He Qiaoyi,Cai Gengyang.Underground space utilization of small and intermediate cities:Shaoxing case[J].Planners,2014(1):42-47.(in Chinese))
[22]赵景伟.紧凑城市形态下地上地下空间整合原则初探[J].地下空间与工程学报,2012,8(3):449-454,525.(Zhao Jingwei.An introduction to integrating principles of the land and underground spaces in compact city[J].Chinese Journal of Underground Space and Engineering,2012,8(3):449-454,525.(in Chinese))
[2]Sterling R.Planning for underground space[R].American Planning Association Planning Advisory Service,1983,Report No.375.
[3]He L,Song Y,Dai S Z,et al.Quantitative research on the capacity of urban underground space——the case of Shanghai,China[J].Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology,2012,32(11):168-179.
[4]童林旭.中国城市地下空间的发展道路[J].地下空间与工程学报,2005,1(1):1-6.(Tong Linxu.The way of development of urban underground space in China[J].Chinese Journal of Underground Space and Engineering,2005,1(1):1-6.(in Chinese))
[5]Li X Z,Li C C,Parriaux A,et al.Multiple resources and their sustainable development in urban underground space[J].Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology,2016,55:59-66.
[6]李建龙,田毅,师学义.北京市什刹海地区地下空间用地需求研究[J].地下空间与工程学报,2015,11(4):841-844.(Li Jianlong,Tian Yi,Shi Xueyi.The research of land demand for underground space in Beijing Shichahai Lake area[J].Chinese Journal of Underground Space and Engineering,2015,11(4):841-844.(in Chinese))
[7]王波.城市地下空间开发利用问题的探索与实践[D].北京:中国地质大学,2013.(Wang Bo.Exploration and practice of the development and utilization of urban underground space[D].Beijing:China University of Geosciences,2013.(in Chinese))
[8]Liu Y F,Song Z Q,Sun H L.Analysis of the influence of economic factors on the development and utilization of underground space in the city center[J].Applied Mechanics and Materials,2014,584-586:2404-2410.
[9]陈立道,朱雪岩.城市地下空间规划理论与实践[M].上海:同济大学出版社,1997.(Chen Lidao,Zhu Xueyan.The theory and practice of urban underground space planning[M].Shanghai:Tongji University Press,1997.(in Chinese))
[10]Monnikhof R A H,Edelenbos J,Hoeven F V D,et al.The new underground planning map of the Netherlands:a feasibility study of the possibilities of the use of underground space[J].Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology,1999,14(3),341-347.
[11]Li X Z,Xu H,Li C C,et al.Study on the demand and driving factors of urban underground space use[J].Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology,2016.55:52-58.
[12]刘莹.三四线城市地下空间规划研究[J].地下空间与工程学报,2016,12(3):593-599.(Liu Ying.Research on underground space planning of third-tier/fourth-tier cities[J].Chinese Journal of Underground Space and Engineering,2016,12(3):593-599.(in Chinese))
[13]冯艳君,曹轶.基于情景分析法的地下空间规模预测[J].地下空间与工程学报,2015,11(5):1094-1103.(Feng Yanjun,Cao Yi.Underground space scale prediction in view of scenario analysis[J].Chinese Journal of Underground Space and Engineering,2015,11(5):1094-1103.(in Chinese))
[14]徐辉,李晓昭,车晶.不同阶段地下空间开发的功能配比研究[J].地下空间与工程学报,2016,12(3),573-579.(Xu Hui,Li Xiaozhao,Che Jing.A research on the function matching of underground space development in different stages[J].Chinese Journal of Underground Space and Engineering,2016,12(3),573-579.(in Chinese))
[15]Bobylev N.Underground space as an urban indicator:Measuring use of subsurface[J].Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology,2016,55:40-51.
[16]孙艳晨,赵景伟.城市地下空间开发强度及布局模式分析[J].四川建筑科学研究,2012,38(4):272-275.(Sun Yanchen,Zhao Jingwei.Urban underground space development intensity and pattern analysis[J].Sichuan Building Science,2012,38(4):272-275.(in Chinese))
[17]钱七虎.中国城市地下空间开发利用的现状评价和前景展望[A]//上海市地下空间综合管理学术研讨会[C].上海,2006:5-9.(Qian Qihu.The current situation evaluation and prospects of Chinese urban underground space development and utilization[A]//Seminar on the integrated management of underground space in Shanghai[C].Shanghai,2006:5-9.(in Chinese))
[18]沈德耀,顾长浩,刘平,等.上海地下空间开发利用综合管理研究[J]政府法制研究,2008(10):1-55.(Shen Deyao,Gu Changhao,Liu Ping,et al.Research on integrated management of Underground space development and utilization in Shanghai[J].Study on the Government Legal System,2008(10):1-55.(in Chinese))
[19]麻永锋.杭州市地下空间开发利用研究[D].杭州:浙江大学,2012.(Ma Yongfeng.Research on underground space development and utilization in Hangzhou city[D].Hangzhou:Zhejiang University,2012.(in Chinese))
[20]熊焕标.南昌市地下空间开发利用效益分析研究[D].南昌:南昌大学,2012.(Xiong Huanbiao.Research and analysis of underground space development utilization efficiency in Nanchang city[J].Nanchang:Nanchang University,2012.(in Chinese))
[21]贺俏毅,蔡庚洋.中小城市地下空间开发利用规划实践——以浙江省绍兴县地下空间开发利用专项规划为例[J].规划师,2014(1):42-47.(He Qiaoyi,Cai Gengyang.Underground space utilization of small and intermediate cities:Shaoxing case[J].Planners,2014(1):42-47.(in Chinese))
[22]赵景伟.紧凑城市形态下地上地下空间整合原则初探[J].地下空间与工程学报,2012,8(3):449-454,525.(Zhao Jingwei.An introduction to integrating principles of the land and underground spaces in compact city[J].Chinese Journal of Underground Space and Engineering,2012,8(3):449-454,525.(in Chinese))