锑短期暴露对大鼠健康效应的影响
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摘要
目的针对饮水中短期暴露锑所致健康风险开展动物实验研究。方法选择健康SD大鼠60只(雌雄各半)随机分为6组,实验组大鼠经口给予酒石酸锑钾,锑浓度分别为0.06、0.35、0.6、6和60 mg/kg,阴性对照为超纯水,连续灌胃14 d。染毒期间,每周称量大鼠体重,于染毒后d14腹主动脉取血检测血生化指标,处死大鼠后取肝、肾、脾、胸腺、甲状腺称重并进行病理学检查。结果最高剂量组(60 mg/kg)与阴性对照组相比,雄性大鼠体重明显降低(P<0.05)、肝脏体比升高(P<0.01)、血清总胆固醇(TC)浓度降低(P<0.01);雄性大鼠碱性磷酸酶(ALP)随染毒剂量增加浓度逐渐上升,在0.6 mg/kg组中达到最高值(P<0.05),随后ALP浓度逐渐减低,在最高剂量组(60 mg/kg)出现显著性降低(P<0.01);0.6mg/kg组葡萄糖(GLU)浓度降低(P<0.05);雄性大鼠血清T4浓度自6 mg/kg组开始逐渐降低(P<0.05);雌性大鼠血清FT4浓度从6 mg/kg组开始逐渐升高(P<0.05),而FT3的浓度逐渐降低(P<0.05);雄性血清FT3浓度、雌性血清T4浓度则仅在0.6 mg/kg组下降(P<0.05)。结论锑短期经口暴露能够显著引起大鼠代谢功能异常。
Objective To detect the health risks caused by the short-term exposure of antimony orally in rats. Methods Sixty healthy Sprague-Dawley rats(male and female) were randomly divided into 6 groups. The negative control group was administrated with ultrapure water. Rats in the experimental group were given orally antimony potassium tartrate every day,the concentration of antimony were 0.06, 0.35, 0.6, 6 and 60 mg/kg respectively. Rats were weighed weekly and sacrificed on the 14 th day after exposure. Blood samples were taken from the abdominal aorta to detect blood biochemical indexes. The liver, kidney, spleen, thymus and thyroid glands were weighed and examined for pathology. Results Compared with the group of negative control, the body weight of male rats in the high-dose group(60 mg/kg) was lower significantly(P<0.05), the liver-tobody ratio was elevated(P<0.01) and the serum total cholesterol(TC) concentration was decreased(P<0.01). There were significant differences(P<0.05) between negative control and the group of 0.6 mg/kg in alkaline phosphatase(ALP), total protein(TP) and glucose(GLU). In the group of 6 and 60 mg/kg treatment, the concentration of serum T4 was decreased in the male rats(P<0.05),and the concentration of serum FT4 was increased(P<0.05) while the FT3 was decreased(P<0.05) in the female rats. Compared with the group of negative control and 0.6 mg/kg, the concentration of serum FT4 was decreased(P<0.05) in the male and the FT3 was decreased(P<0.05) in the female. Other indicators were normal. Conclusion Antimony can cause metabolic changes by short-term oral exposure.
Objective To detect the health risks caused by the short-term exposure of antimony orally in rats. Methods Sixty healthy Sprague-Dawley rats(male and female) were randomly divided into 6 groups. The negative control group was administrated with ultrapure water. Rats in the experimental group were given orally antimony potassium tartrate every day,the concentration of antimony were 0.06, 0.35, 0.6, 6 and 60 mg/kg respectively. Rats were weighed weekly and sacrificed on the 14 th day after exposure. Blood samples were taken from the abdominal aorta to detect blood biochemical indexes. The liver, kidney, spleen, thymus and thyroid glands were weighed and examined for pathology. Results Compared with the group of negative control, the body weight of male rats in the high-dose group(60 mg/kg) was lower significantly(P<0.05), the liver-tobody ratio was elevated(P<0.01) and the serum total cholesterol(TC) concentration was decreased(P<0.01). There were significant differences(P<0.05) between negative control and the group of 0.6 mg/kg in alkaline phosphatase(ALP), total protein(TP) and glucose(GLU). In the group of 6 and 60 mg/kg treatment, the concentration of serum T4 was decreased in the male rats(P<0.05),and the concentration of serum FT4 was increased(P<0.05) while the FT3 was decreased(P<0.05) in the female rats. Compared with the group of negative control and 0.6 mg/kg, the concentration of serum FT4 was decreased(P<0.05) in the male and the FT3 was decreased(P<0.05) in the female. Other indicators were normal. Conclusion Antimony can cause metabolic changes by short-term oral exposure.
引文
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[11]Sundar S,Chakravarty J.Antimony toxicity[J].International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health,2010,7(12):4267-4277.
[12]Poon R,Chu I,Lecavalier P,et al.Effects of Antimony on rats following 90-day exposure via drinking water[J].Food and Chemical Toxicology,1998,36(1):21-35.
[13]Schroeder HA,Mitchener M,Nason AP.Zirconium,niobium,antimony,vanadium and lead in rats:life term studies[J].Journal of Nutrition,1970,100(1):59-68.
[14]Dieter M.NTP technical report on the toxicity studies of toxicity studies of antimony potassium tartrate(CAS No.28300-74-5)in F344/N rats and B6C3F1 mice(drinking water and intraperitoneal injection studies)[J].Toxicity Report Series,1992,11:1-D2.
[15]Office of Water.2012 edition of the drinking water standards and health advisories[M].Washington:U.S.Environmental Protection A-gency,2012.
[16]World Health Organization.Guidelines for Drinking Water Quality[M].4th ed.Geneva:World Health Organization,2011.
[17]Herath I,Vithanage M,Bundschuh J.Antimony as a global dilemma:geochemistry,mobility,fate and transport[J].Environmental Pollution,2017,223:545-559.
[18]Lynch BS,Capen CC,Nestmann ER,et al.Review of subchronic/chronic toxicity of Antimony Potassium tartrate[J].Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology,1999,30(1):9-17.
[2]金银龙.GB 5749-2006《生活饮用水卫生标准》释义[M].北京:中国标准出版社,2007.
[3]He MC,Wang XQ,Wu FC,et al.Antimony pollution in China[J].Science of the Total Environment,2012,421/422:41-50.
[4]戈兆凤,韦朝阳.锑环境健康效应的研究进展[J].环境与健康杂志,2011,28(7):649-653.
[5]Liu FY,Le XC,Mcknight-Whitford A,et al.Antimony speciation and contamination of waters in the Xikuangshan Antimony mining and smelting area,China[J].Environmental Geochemistry and Health,2010,32(5):401-413.
[6]Ye L,Qiu S,Li X,et al.Antimony exposure and speciation in human biomarkers near an active mining area in Hunan,China[J].Science of the Total Environment,2018,640/641:1-8.
[7]Snedeker SM.Antimony in food contact materials and household plastics:uses,exposure,and health risk considerations[M]//Snedeker SM.Toxicants in food packaging and household plastics:exposure and health risks to consumers.London:Springer,2014:205-230.
[8]Nisse C,Tagne-Fotso R,Howsam M,et al.Blood and urinary levels of metals and metalloids in the general adult population of Northern France:The IMEPOGE study,2008-2010[J].International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health,2017,220(2,B):341-363.
[9]Gebel T.Arsenic and Antimony:comparative approach on mechanistic toxicology[J].Chemico-Biological Interactions,1997,107(3):131-144.
[10]Stemmer KL.Pharmacology and toxicology of heavy metals:antimony[J].Pharmacology&Therapeutics.Part A:Chemotherapy,Toxicology and Metabolic Inhibitors,1976,1(2):157-160.
[11]Sundar S,Chakravarty J.Antimony toxicity[J].International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health,2010,7(12):4267-4277.
[12]Poon R,Chu I,Lecavalier P,et al.Effects of Antimony on rats following 90-day exposure via drinking water[J].Food and Chemical Toxicology,1998,36(1):21-35.
[13]Schroeder HA,Mitchener M,Nason AP.Zirconium,niobium,antimony,vanadium and lead in rats:life term studies[J].Journal of Nutrition,1970,100(1):59-68.
[14]Dieter M.NTP technical report on the toxicity studies of toxicity studies of antimony potassium tartrate(CAS No.28300-74-5)in F344/N rats and B6C3F1 mice(drinking water and intraperitoneal injection studies)[J].Toxicity Report Series,1992,11:1-D2.
[15]Office of Water.2012 edition of the drinking water standards and health advisories[M].Washington:U.S.Environmental Protection A-gency,2012.
[16]World Health Organization.Guidelines for Drinking Water Quality[M].4th ed.Geneva:World Health Organization,2011.
[17]Herath I,Vithanage M,Bundschuh J.Antimony as a global dilemma:geochemistry,mobility,fate and transport[J].Environmental Pollution,2017,223:545-559.
[18]Lynch BS,Capen CC,Nestmann ER,et al.Review of subchronic/chronic toxicity of Antimony Potassium tartrate[J].Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology,1999,30(1):9-17.