力平衡反馈技术在石英水平摆倾斜仪中的应用研究
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摘要
石英水平摆倾斜仪在前兆地震观测中得到了广泛的应用,取得了较好的观测数据,但是仍然存在一些不足,如灵敏度未知、频率特性不理想等.为解决这些问题,本文提出一种基于力平衡反馈技术的石英水平摆倾斜仪设计方法.该方法通过差动式电容换能器检测摆锤的位置信息,将其转换成电信号输出;同时通过电子线路将输出电压信号处理后反馈给摆锤,该反馈电压在摆锤上产生一静电力.根据该设计方法,我们研制了原理样机并进行了测试,结果表明,样机的灵敏度为16801V/(m·s~(-2)),样机的幅度响应在从DC到5s都是平坦的.
Quartz horizontal-pendulum tiltmeter has been widely used in earthquake precursory observation, and has got a lot of good observation data. However, it still has some limitations such as that the sensitivity is unknown before on-site installation, the frequency characteristic is not ideal and so on. To conquer these problems, we propose a method of designing quartz horizontal-pendulum tiltmeter based on force balance feedback technique. This method utilizes differential capacitance transducer to detect the pendulum′s position and converts it into electric signal for output. It also sends the output signal back to the pendulum via feedback electric circuit. This feedback voltage will produce a force on the pendulum. On basis of the proposed method, we have developed a prototype and tested its performance. The results show that the sensitivity of the prototype is 16801 V/(m·s~(-2)), and the amplitude response is flat within the frequency range of DC to 5 s.
Quartz horizontal-pendulum tiltmeter has been widely used in earthquake precursory observation, and has got a lot of good observation data. However, it still has some limitations such as that the sensitivity is unknown before on-site installation, the frequency characteristic is not ideal and so on. To conquer these problems, we propose a method of designing quartz horizontal-pendulum tiltmeter based on force balance feedback technique. This method utilizes differential capacitance transducer to detect the pendulum′s position and converts it into electric signal for output. It also sends the output signal back to the pendulum via feedback electric circuit. This feedback voltage will produce a force on the pendulum. On basis of the proposed method, we have developed a prototype and tested its performance. The results show that the sensitivity of the prototype is 16801 V/(m·s~(-2)), and the amplitude response is flat within the frequency range of DC to 5 s.
引文
Cai Y X, Lv Y Q, Zhou Y Y, et al. 1995. JCZ-1 ultra broadband seismometer. Crustal Deformation and Earthquake (in Chinese), 15(3): 1-8.
China Earthquake Administration. 2007. Seismology and Seismic Observation (in Chinese). Beijing: Seismological Press.
Fan S H, Wu S C, Cai Y X, et al. 1999. Measurement of earth crust tilt tides with a folded pendulum. Chinese Science Bulletin, 44(1): 83-85.
Gao S H, Xue B, Li J, et al. 2016. High-resolution data acquisition technique in broadband seismic observation systems. Science China Technological Science, 59(6): 961-972.
Jiang J, Chen D C, Lin G, et al. 2010. Transfer functions and responses of DZW gravimeter and VS-1 tiltmeter. Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics (in Chinese), 30(3): 151-155.
Ma W G, Wu Y X, Hu G Q. 2015. Development of VP-type broadband tide meter. China Earthquake Engineering Journal (in Chinese), 37(3): 873-877.
Melchior P. 1974. Earth tides. Geophysical Surveys, 1(3): 275-303.
Murphy L M, Wilson R M, Burgess L R, et al. 1954. Response curves of an electromagnetic seismograph by sine-wave simulator method. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 44(1): 7-19.
Nicolas F O, Walter Z. 2005. Very high resolution long-baseline water-tube tiltmeter to record small signals from each free oscillations up to secular tilts. Review of Scientific Instruments, 76(2): 024501, doi: 10.1063/1.1844451.
Nie L, Wen X W, Yi Z C, et al. 2001. Development of DSQ short-based water tube tiltmeter and its calibrating apparatus. Crustal Deformation and Earthquake (in Chinese), 21(3): 74-81.
Saleh B. 2003. Study of earth tides using quartz tiltmeter. Journal of Surveying Engineering, 129(2): 51-55.
Schnull M, Roder R H, Wenzel H G. 1984. An improved electronic feedback for Lacoste-Romberg gravity meters. Bureau Gravimetrique International, Bulletin d'Information, 55: 27-36.
Willmore P L. 1959. The application of the Maxwell impedance bridge to the calibration of electromagnetic seismographs. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 49(1): 99-114.
Wu S C, Fan S H, Luo J, et al. 2002. Folded pendulum tiltmeter. Review of Scientific Instruments, 73(5): 2150-2156.
Xiao J, Mo Y M, Hu G Q. 2004. High precision vertical pendulum tiltmeter for measuring earth tide. Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University (in Chinese), 29(11): 973-976, 989.
Xue B, Lin Z, Zhang Y, et al. 2013. Analysis of the feedback model of the broadband seismometer and an application example. Seismological and Geomagnetic Observation and Research (in Chinese), 34(S1): 246-253.
Zhang B, Liu M, Zheng S H, et al. 2011. Development of digital electrostatic feedback system of LaCoste & Romberg ET gravimeter. Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics (in Chinese), 31(2): 149-152.
Zhou Y Y, Wu T, Wen X W, et al. 2010. Test and comparison for transfor function of DSQ water tube tiltmeter. Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics (in Chinese), 30(S2): 99-101.
Zhu H, Feng H Y. 1980. Calibration of quartz horizontal pendulum type tiltmeter. Acta Seismologica Sinica (in Chinese), 2(3): 322-341.
Zhu H, Feng H Y, Gao F C, et al. 1993. SSQ-1 digital tape recording horizontal pendulum tiltmeter. Acta Seismologica Sinica (in Chinese), 15(3): 353-359.
蔡亚先, 吕永清, 周云耀等. 1995. JCZ-1超宽频带地震计. 地壳形变与地震, 15(3): 1-8.
蒋骏, 陈德骢, 林钢等. 2010. DZW重力仪和VS-1倾斜仪的传递函数与响应特征. 大地测量与地球动力学, 30(3): 151-155.
马武刚, 吴艳霞, 胡国庆. 2015. VP型宽频带潮汐观测仪的研制. 地震工程学报, 37(3): 873-877.
聂磊, 温兴卫, 易治春等. 2001. DSQ型短基线水管倾斜仪及其标定装置的研制. 地壳形变与地震, 21(3): 74-81.
肖俊, 莫易敏, 胡国庆. 2004. 基于固体潮观测的高精度垂直摆倾斜仪. 武汉大学学报·信息科学版, 29(11): 973-976, 989.
薛兵, 林湛, 张妍等. 2013. 宽频带地震计反馈模型分析及应用实例. 地震地磁观测与研究, 34(S1): 246-253.
张彪, 刘明, 郑少怀等. 2011. LaCoste & Romberg ET型重力仪数字静电反馈系统的研制. 大地测量与地球动力学, 31(2): 149-152.
中国地震局监测预报司. 2007. 地震学与地震观测. 北京: 地震出版社.
周云耀, 吴涛, 温兴卫等. 2010. DSQ水管倾斜仪传递函数的实验比测. 大地测量与地球动力学, 30(S2): 99-101.
朱虎, 冯海英. 1980. 石英水平摆式倾斜仪的格值常数的测定. 地震学报, 2(3): 322-341.
朱虎, 冯海英, 高法成等. 1993. SSQ-1型数字磁带记录水平摆式倾斜仪. 地震学报, 15(3): 353-359.
China Earthquake Administration. 2007. Seismology and Seismic Observation (in Chinese). Beijing: Seismological Press.
Fan S H, Wu S C, Cai Y X, et al. 1999. Measurement of earth crust tilt tides with a folded pendulum. Chinese Science Bulletin, 44(1): 83-85.
Gao S H, Xue B, Li J, et al. 2016. High-resolution data acquisition technique in broadband seismic observation systems. Science China Technological Science, 59(6): 961-972.
Jiang J, Chen D C, Lin G, et al. 2010. Transfer functions and responses of DZW gravimeter and VS-1 tiltmeter. Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics (in Chinese), 30(3): 151-155.
Ma W G, Wu Y X, Hu G Q. 2015. Development of VP-type broadband tide meter. China Earthquake Engineering Journal (in Chinese), 37(3): 873-877.
Melchior P. 1974. Earth tides. Geophysical Surveys, 1(3): 275-303.
Murphy L M, Wilson R M, Burgess L R, et al. 1954. Response curves of an electromagnetic seismograph by sine-wave simulator method. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 44(1): 7-19.
Nicolas F O, Walter Z. 2005. Very high resolution long-baseline water-tube tiltmeter to record small signals from each free oscillations up to secular tilts. Review of Scientific Instruments, 76(2): 024501, doi: 10.1063/1.1844451.
Nie L, Wen X W, Yi Z C, et al. 2001. Development of DSQ short-based water tube tiltmeter and its calibrating apparatus. Crustal Deformation and Earthquake (in Chinese), 21(3): 74-81.
Saleh B. 2003. Study of earth tides using quartz tiltmeter. Journal of Surveying Engineering, 129(2): 51-55.
Schnull M, Roder R H, Wenzel H G. 1984. An improved electronic feedback for Lacoste-Romberg gravity meters. Bureau Gravimetrique International, Bulletin d'Information, 55: 27-36.
Willmore P L. 1959. The application of the Maxwell impedance bridge to the calibration of electromagnetic seismographs. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 49(1): 99-114.
Wu S C, Fan S H, Luo J, et al. 2002. Folded pendulum tiltmeter. Review of Scientific Instruments, 73(5): 2150-2156.
Xiao J, Mo Y M, Hu G Q. 2004. High precision vertical pendulum tiltmeter for measuring earth tide. Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University (in Chinese), 29(11): 973-976, 989.
Xue B, Lin Z, Zhang Y, et al. 2013. Analysis of the feedback model of the broadband seismometer and an application example. Seismological and Geomagnetic Observation and Research (in Chinese), 34(S1): 246-253.
Zhang B, Liu M, Zheng S H, et al. 2011. Development of digital electrostatic feedback system of LaCoste & Romberg ET gravimeter. Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics (in Chinese), 31(2): 149-152.
Zhou Y Y, Wu T, Wen X W, et al. 2010. Test and comparison for transfor function of DSQ water tube tiltmeter. Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics (in Chinese), 30(S2): 99-101.
Zhu H, Feng H Y. 1980. Calibration of quartz horizontal pendulum type tiltmeter. Acta Seismologica Sinica (in Chinese), 2(3): 322-341.
Zhu H, Feng H Y, Gao F C, et al. 1993. SSQ-1 digital tape recording horizontal pendulum tiltmeter. Acta Seismologica Sinica (in Chinese), 15(3): 353-359.
蔡亚先, 吕永清, 周云耀等. 1995. JCZ-1超宽频带地震计. 地壳形变与地震, 15(3): 1-8.
蒋骏, 陈德骢, 林钢等. 2010. DZW重力仪和VS-1倾斜仪的传递函数与响应特征. 大地测量与地球动力学, 30(3): 151-155.
马武刚, 吴艳霞, 胡国庆. 2015. VP型宽频带潮汐观测仪的研制. 地震工程学报, 37(3): 873-877.
聂磊, 温兴卫, 易治春等. 2001. DSQ型短基线水管倾斜仪及其标定装置的研制. 地壳形变与地震, 21(3): 74-81.
肖俊, 莫易敏, 胡国庆. 2004. 基于固体潮观测的高精度垂直摆倾斜仪. 武汉大学学报·信息科学版, 29(11): 973-976, 989.
薛兵, 林湛, 张妍等. 2013. 宽频带地震计反馈模型分析及应用实例. 地震地磁观测与研究, 34(S1): 246-253.
张彪, 刘明, 郑少怀等. 2011. LaCoste & Romberg ET型重力仪数字静电反馈系统的研制. 大地测量与地球动力学, 31(2): 149-152.
中国地震局监测预报司. 2007. 地震学与地震观测. 北京: 地震出版社.
周云耀, 吴涛, 温兴卫等. 2010. DSQ水管倾斜仪传递函数的实验比测. 大地测量与地球动力学, 30(S2): 99-101.
朱虎, 冯海英. 1980. 石英水平摆式倾斜仪的格值常数的测定. 地震学报, 2(3): 322-341.
朱虎, 冯海英, 高法成等. 1993. SSQ-1型数字磁带记录水平摆式倾斜仪. 地震学报, 15(3): 353-359.