利用浅层反射地震资料中的面波与初至波研究剖面浅部结构
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摘要
利用浅层反射地震数据的面波与初至波信息,采用多道面波分析法(MASW)得到浅部横波速度结构,再利用初至波走时层析成像得到纵波速度结构,进而得到纵横波速度比与泊松比数据。结合反射波叠加剖面与跨断层钻孔联合剖面对浅部地层进行综合解释,在一定程度上弥补了浅部反射资料的缺失,对确定浅部断层的位置及性质起到非常重要的作用。
This study makes full use of the surface wave and the primary wave information from the shallow reflection seismic data. We use the method of MASW to obtain the shallow shear wave velocity structure, and use first break travel-time tomography technology to obtain the P-wave velocity structure. Then, we get the velocity ratio and the poisson ratio data. Combined with the reflection wave stack section and the cross-fault borehole profile, the shallow strata are comprehensively interpreted. To some extent, our method compensates for the missing shallow reflection information, and plays a very important role for determining location and nature of the shallow faults.
This study makes full use of the surface wave and the primary wave information from the shallow reflection seismic data. We use the method of MASW to obtain the shallow shear wave velocity structure, and use first break travel-time tomography technology to obtain the P-wave velocity structure. Then, we get the velocity ratio and the poisson ratio data. Combined with the reflection wave stack section and the cross-fault borehole profile, the shallow strata are comprehensively interpreted. To some extent, our method compensates for the missing shallow reflection information, and plays a very important role for determining location and nature of the shallow faults.
引文
[1] 侯贺晟,高锐,卢占武,等.青藏高原羌塘盆地中央隆起近地表速度结构的初至波层析成像试验[J].地质通报,2009,28(6):738-745(Hou Hesheng, Gao Rui, Lu Zhanwu, et al. First Arrival Seismic Tomographic Imaging Test of the Near-Surface Velocity Structure of Central Uplift in the Qiangtang Basin, Qinghai-Tibet Plateau[J]. Geological Bulletin of China,2009,28(6):738-745)
[2] 酆少英,龙长兴,高锐,等.高分辨率折射和浅层反射地震方法在活断层探测中的联合应用[J].地震学报,2010, 32(6):718-724(Feng Shaoying, Long Changxing, Gao Rui, et al. Joint Application of High-Resolution Refraction and Shallow Reflection Seismic Exploration Approach to Active Fault Survey[J]. Acta Seismological Sinica, 2010,32(6):718-724)
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[4] 曾校丰, 钱荣毅,邓新生,等.面波勘探及其在沙漠地区表层地质结构调查中的应用[J].现代地质,2001,15(1): 94-97(Zeng Xiaofeng, Qian Rongyi, Deng Xinsheng,et al. Rayleigh Wave Exploration Applied to Investigate Surface Geological Structure in Desert Zone[J]. Geoscience, 2001,15(1): 94-97)
[5] 孙黄利.初至波层析技术在煤田地震勘探中的应用研究[D].西安:西安科技大学,2010(Sun Huangli. The Application of the First Breaks Tomography Technique in the Seismic Exploration of the Coal Field[D].Xi’an: Xi’an University of Science and Technology,2010)
[6] Watabe Y, Sassa S. Application of MASW Technology to Identification of Tidal Flat Stratigraphy and Its Geoenvironmental Interpretation[J]. Marine Geology, 2008, 252(3-4):79-88
[7] 景月红.地震初至波走时层析成像与近地表速度建模[D].西安:长安大学,2009(Jing Yuehong. Seismic First Break Travel-Time Tomography and Its Application in Near-Surface Velocity Model Building[D].Xi’an:Chang’an University,2009)
[8] 李录明,罗省贤,赵波.初至波表层模型层析反演[J].石油地球物理勘探, 2000,35(5):559-564(Li Luming, Luo Xingxian, Zhao Bo. Tomographic Inversion of First Break in Surface Model[J]. Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2000,35(5):559-564)
[9] 柴炽章,孟广魁,马贵仁,等.银川市活动断层探测与地震危险性评价[M].北京:科学出版社,2011(Chai Chizhang, Meng Guangkui, Ma Guiren, et al. Active Fault Surveying and Seismic Hazard Evolution in Yinchuan Basin [M]. Beijng: Science Press,2011)
[10] 李庆忠.岩石的纵、横波速度规律[J].石油地球物理勘探,1992,27(1):1-12(Li Qingzhong. Velocity Regularities of P and S-Waves in Formations [J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,1992,27(1):1-12)
[11] 吴世明, 陈龙珠. 饱和土的泊松比及含气量对它的影响[J]. 水利学报, 1989,20(1):37-43(Wu Shiming, Chen Longzhu. Poisson’s Rations of Saturated and Highly-Saturated Soils[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,1989,20(1):37-43)
[12] 高武平, 陈宇坤, 刘芳. 天津浅部地层的泊松比特征初步分析[J]. 地震工程学报, 2014, 36(1):47-53(Gao Wuping, Chen Yukun, Liu Fang. Preliminary Analysis of Poisson’s Ration of Shallow Stratum in Tianjin [J]. China Earthquake Engineering Journal,2014, 36(1):47-53)
[13] 夏江海.高频面波方法[M].武汉:中国地质大学出版社,2015(Xia Jianghai. High-Frequency Surface Wave Method[M].Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press, 2015)
[2] 酆少英,龙长兴,高锐,等.高分辨率折射和浅层反射地震方法在活断层探测中的联合应用[J].地震学报,2010, 32(6):718-724(Feng Shaoying, Long Changxing, Gao Rui, et al. Joint Application of High-Resolution Refraction and Shallow Reflection Seismic Exploration Approach to Active Fault Survey[J]. Acta Seismological Sinica, 2010,32(6):718-724)
[3] 杨成林.瑞雷波勘探[M].北京:地质出版社,1993(Yang Chenglin. Rayleigh Waves Exploration[M]. Beijing: Geology Publishing House,1993)
[4] 曾校丰, 钱荣毅,邓新生,等.面波勘探及其在沙漠地区表层地质结构调查中的应用[J].现代地质,2001,15(1): 94-97(Zeng Xiaofeng, Qian Rongyi, Deng Xinsheng,et al. Rayleigh Wave Exploration Applied to Investigate Surface Geological Structure in Desert Zone[J]. Geoscience, 2001,15(1): 94-97)
[5] 孙黄利.初至波层析技术在煤田地震勘探中的应用研究[D].西安:西安科技大学,2010(Sun Huangli. The Application of the First Breaks Tomography Technique in the Seismic Exploration of the Coal Field[D].Xi’an: Xi’an University of Science and Technology,2010)
[6] Watabe Y, Sassa S. Application of MASW Technology to Identification of Tidal Flat Stratigraphy and Its Geoenvironmental Interpretation[J]. Marine Geology, 2008, 252(3-4):79-88
[7] 景月红.地震初至波走时层析成像与近地表速度建模[D].西安:长安大学,2009(Jing Yuehong. Seismic First Break Travel-Time Tomography and Its Application in Near-Surface Velocity Model Building[D].Xi’an:Chang’an University,2009)
[8] 李录明,罗省贤,赵波.初至波表层模型层析反演[J].石油地球物理勘探, 2000,35(5):559-564(Li Luming, Luo Xingxian, Zhao Bo. Tomographic Inversion of First Break in Surface Model[J]. Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2000,35(5):559-564)
[9] 柴炽章,孟广魁,马贵仁,等.银川市活动断层探测与地震危险性评价[M].北京:科学出版社,2011(Chai Chizhang, Meng Guangkui, Ma Guiren, et al. Active Fault Surveying and Seismic Hazard Evolution in Yinchuan Basin [M]. Beijng: Science Press,2011)
[10] 李庆忠.岩石的纵、横波速度规律[J].石油地球物理勘探,1992,27(1):1-12(Li Qingzhong. Velocity Regularities of P and S-Waves in Formations [J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,1992,27(1):1-12)
[11] 吴世明, 陈龙珠. 饱和土的泊松比及含气量对它的影响[J]. 水利学报, 1989,20(1):37-43(Wu Shiming, Chen Longzhu. Poisson’s Rations of Saturated and Highly-Saturated Soils[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,1989,20(1):37-43)
[12] 高武平, 陈宇坤, 刘芳. 天津浅部地层的泊松比特征初步分析[J]. 地震工程学报, 2014, 36(1):47-53(Gao Wuping, Chen Yukun, Liu Fang. Preliminary Analysis of Poisson’s Ration of Shallow Stratum in Tianjin [J]. China Earthquake Engineering Journal,2014, 36(1):47-53)
[13] 夏江海.高频面波方法[M].武汉:中国地质大学出版社,2015(Xia Jianghai. High-Frequency Surface Wave Method[M].Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press, 2015)