不同种类秸秆添加对自蔓延高温合成纳米氧化锡的影响
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摘要
以固定比例水稻、小麦、玉米、油菜或棉花秸秆粉末和镁、铝、氧化铜、四氧化三铁、氟化钙、氧化锡和锡粉组成的合成体系为研究对象,测定227组不同产地和不同品种秸秆粉末的化学组成,分析不同秸秆中纤维素、半纤维素和可溶性糖总含量对所得纳米氧化锡有效转化率、粒径和纯度的影响规律,获得秸秆种类差异对制得纳米氧化锡的影响机制。结果表明,5种秸秆粉末均能实现高纯纳米氧化锡的自蔓延高温合成,其中水稻秸秆使用效果最佳。水稻、小麦、玉米、油菜、棉花秸秆粉末中纤维素、半纤维素和可溶性糖的总含量依次下降,所涉自蔓延高温合成反应的放热量和产气量依次下降,所得纳米氧化锡的有效转化率和含锡量亦依次下降。5种秸秆粉末所得纳米氧化锡的平均粒径不存在明显差异,且秸秆中纤维素、半纤维素和可溶性糖的总含量与平均粒径的关系无法用常规函数描述,因此,尚无法仅通过选择特定种类的秸秆来获得特定尺寸范围的纳米氧化锡。
Synthesis systems composed of magnesium,aluminum,copper oxide,ferroferric oxide,calcium fluoride,tin oxide,tin and straw powders of rice,wheat,corn,rape or cotton were set at a fixed mass fraction,and chemical compositions of 227 groups of crop straw powders from different breeds or planting area were determined.Change rules of conversion rates,particle sizes and compositions of different nano-tin oxide products were analyzed and effects of the total contents of cellulose,hemicellulose and soluble sugar in crop straws on nano-tin oxide products can be obtained.Results show that all of these 5 crop straw powders are suitable for preparing nano-tin oxides via self propagating high temperature synthesis method and rice straw powder is the best one.The total contents of cellulose,hemicellulose and soluble sugar in straw powders of rice,wheat,corn,rape and cotton decline in turn,which leads to similar decrease of heat and gas production in synthesis systems containing of them,so that conversion rates and mass fractions of Sn of the nano-tin oxide products prepared from them fall in turn.However,there is no significant difference in mean diameters of nano-tin oxide products prepared from these 5 crop straw powders and no a common function relationship between total contents of cellulose,hemicellulose and soluble sugar in them and these mean diameters,which means it is impossible to adjust the particle sizes of nano-tin oxide products only by changing the kind of crop straw powders.
Synthesis systems composed of magnesium,aluminum,copper oxide,ferroferric oxide,calcium fluoride,tin oxide,tin and straw powders of rice,wheat,corn,rape or cotton were set at a fixed mass fraction,and chemical compositions of 227 groups of crop straw powders from different breeds or planting area were determined.Change rules of conversion rates,particle sizes and compositions of different nano-tin oxide products were analyzed and effects of the total contents of cellulose,hemicellulose and soluble sugar in crop straws on nano-tin oxide products can be obtained.Results show that all of these 5 crop straw powders are suitable for preparing nano-tin oxides via self propagating high temperature synthesis method and rice straw powder is the best one.The total contents of cellulose,hemicellulose and soluble sugar in straw powders of rice,wheat,corn,rape and cotton decline in turn,which leads to similar decrease of heat and gas production in synthesis systems containing of them,so that conversion rates and mass fractions of Sn of the nano-tin oxide products prepared from them fall in turn.However,there is no significant difference in mean diameters of nano-tin oxide products prepared from these 5 crop straw powders and no a common function relationship between total contents of cellulose,hemicellulose and soluble sugar in them and these mean diameters,which means it is impossible to adjust the particle sizes of nano-tin oxide products only by changing the kind of crop straw powders.
引文
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[2] 刘晓永,李书田.中国秸秆养分资源及还田的时空分布特征[J].农业工程学报,2017,33(21):1-19.
[3] 刘朝霞,牛文娟,楚合营,等.秸秆热解工艺优化与生物炭理化特性分析[J].农业工程学报,2018,34(5):196-203.
[4] 袁嘉晨,曹红亮,李明来,等.秸秆资源回收发电的经济可行性测算:以湖北为例[J].太阳能学报,2017,38(7):2012-2019.
[5] 张杰,李浩,孔令卓,等.肉羔羊育肥秸秆配合颗粒饲料加工工艺参数优化[J].农业工程学报,2018,34(5):274-281.
[6] 刘颖,漆学伟,李志豪,等.3种作物秸秆发酵后对家蝇的饲养效果[J].华中农业大学学报,2017,36(1):55-60.
[7] 陈克复,田晓俊,王斌,等.利用农业秸秆制浆造纸所实施的先进技术体系的优选与评价[J].华南理工大学学报(自然科学版),2015,43(10):122-139.
[8] 王琪,胡晓丽,李松,等.刨花形态对秸秆板材性能的影响试验研究[J].中国农机化,2011,235(3):122-124.
[9] 杨芳,刘朝霞,牛文娟,等.基于FT-MIR的秸秆炭热值快速检测方法[J].华中农业大学学报,2017,36(6):121-126.
[10] 胡传琪,冮洁,陈静慧,等.以秸秆为基料富锌栽培滑菇的纤维素酶和漆酶的变化规律[J].食品与发酵工业,2015,41(4):121-124.
[11] 赵宏亮,王麒,孙羽,等.秸秆还田下灌溉方式对水稻产量及水分利用率的影响[J].核农学报,2018,32(5):959-969.
[12] 白晓凤,李子富,王晓希,等.堆沤预处理对玉米秸秆厌氧发酵产气性能及模型[J].食品与生物技术学报,2014,33(2):151-156.
[13] 农业部新闻办公室.农产品及加工副产物综合利用模式研讨会在京召开[EB/OL].[2018-09-23].http://jiuban.moa.gov.cn/zwllm/zwdt/201706/t20170601_5651344.htm,2017-06-01-16:36.
[14] 殷声.燃烧合成[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,2004:244-245.
[15] ZHANG G D,LIU N.A novel method for massive synthesis of SnO2 nanowires[J].Bulletin of materials science,2013,36(6):953-960.
[16] LIU N,ZHANG G D.Optimal design of self-propagating high temperature one-dimensional nano-SnO2 synthesis[J].Acta metallurgica sinica-english letters,2011,24(4):321-325.
[17] LIU N,ZHANG G D,YANG B,et al.Self-propagating high temperature synthesis of high purity single-crystalline SnO2 nanobelts[J].Journal of experimental nanoscience,2013,8(7/8):925-930.
[18] 张国栋,张晖,肖亚东,等.氟化钙对高温自蔓延合成法制备纳米二氧化锡的影响[J].硅酸盐通报,2016,35(2):598-601.
[19] LIU N,ZHANG G D,XIAO Y D,et al.A general self-propagating high-temperature synthesis method for fast and easy preparation of metal oxide nanostructures from low melting point metals [J].Nano,2015,10(1):155001501-155001512.
[20] 牛文娟.主要农作物秸秆组成成分和能源利用潜力[D].北京:中国农业大学,2015.
[21] SLUITER J B,RUIZ R O,SCARLATA C J,et al.Compositional analysis of lignocellulosic feedstocks:review and description of methods[J].Journal of agricultural and food chemistry,2010,58(16):9043-9053.
[22] 辛荣斌.生物质燃烧过程中挥发性有机物释放特性研究[D].昆明:昆明理工大学,2017.
[23] 卢洪波,戴惠玉,马玉鑫.生物质三组分燃烧特性及动力学分析[J].农业工程学报,2012,28(17):186-191.
[24] 马培勇,陈水林,吴照斌,等.生物质三组分与成型秸秆燃烧特性及反应动力学研究[J].太阳能学报,2018,39(3):837-843.