南方红壤丘陵区土壤细菌对土壤水分和温度的响应差异
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摘要
红壤丘陵区稻田不同时期进行的水分管理导致土壤水分和温度同时变化,继而影响土壤微生物群落结构,二者对土壤微生物的影响机制目前还不清楚。本研究以中国科学院桃源农业生态实验站长期定位试验的稻田作为研究对象,同时以旱地农田作为对照,利用末端限制性酶切片段长度多态性分析(T-RFLP)和荧光定量PCR(qPCR)方法,研究不同水分管理时期细菌群落结构与丰度的变化特征,进而分析其变化的影响因素,阐明水分和温度的相对贡献。结果表明,稻田土壤细菌受土壤水分状况的显著影响,淹水期土壤细菌群落结构明显区别于其他时期,且淹水期土壤细菌丰度和多样性指数均显著低于晒田期。稻田土壤细菌群落结构和多样性指数均受到土壤含水量和土壤温度的显著影响,但土壤含水量的相关性大于土壤温度。而作为对照的旱地农田土壤含水量在不同时期没有差异,土壤细菌群落结构也没有差异,仅土壤细菌丰度和多样性指数发生一定变化,但这种变化并不与土壤温度呈现相关性。因此,本研究认为,南方丘陵区农田土壤细菌对土壤水分的响应比对土壤温度更敏感。
Water management in paddy fields in the red soil hilly region results in the simultaneous change of soil moisture and soil temperature, and then induces the variation of the community structure of soil microbes. However the action mechanisms of soil moisture and temperature are not fully clear by now. The long-term paddy fields at the Taoyuan Agro-ecological Experimental Station of the Chinese Academy of Sciences was taken as the research object, and the selected dryland fields was taken as the control. Soil samples were collected in different water management periods of paddy fields. Terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism(T-RFLP) and fluorescence quantitative PCR(qPCR) were used to disclose the characteristics of bacterial community structure and abundance in different periods, and the influencing factors were further analyzed. The results showed that bacterial community structure in paddy field was affected by soil moisture variation in different periods. The bacterial community structure in flooding period was quite different, and the bacterial abundance and diversity index were lower compared to other periods. The bacterial community structure and diversity were affected by soil moisture and soil temperature, however the former made greater contribution. In contrast, the soil moisture and bacterial community structure showed no significant difference among different periods in the dryland field. Though the bacterial abundance and diversity index showed a little change, which was not related to soil temperature. Therefore, soil bacteria variation in the hilly red soil region of subtropics was more sensitive to soil moisture than soil temperature.
Water management in paddy fields in the red soil hilly region results in the simultaneous change of soil moisture and soil temperature, and then induces the variation of the community structure of soil microbes. However the action mechanisms of soil moisture and temperature are not fully clear by now. The long-term paddy fields at the Taoyuan Agro-ecological Experimental Station of the Chinese Academy of Sciences was taken as the research object, and the selected dryland fields was taken as the control. Soil samples were collected in different water management periods of paddy fields. Terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism(T-RFLP) and fluorescence quantitative PCR(qPCR) were used to disclose the characteristics of bacterial community structure and abundance in different periods, and the influencing factors were further analyzed. The results showed that bacterial community structure in paddy field was affected by soil moisture variation in different periods. The bacterial community structure in flooding period was quite different, and the bacterial abundance and diversity index were lower compared to other periods. The bacterial community structure and diversity were affected by soil moisture and soil temperature, however the former made greater contribution. In contrast, the soil moisture and bacterial community structure showed no significant difference among different periods in the dryland field. Though the bacterial abundance and diversity index showed a little change, which was not related to soil temperature. Therefore, soil bacteria variation in the hilly red soil region of subtropics was more sensitive to soil moisture than soil temperature.
引文
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[10]张敬智,马超,郜红建.淹水和好气条件下东北稻田黑土有机碳矿化和微生物群落演变规律.农业环境科学学报,2017,36(6):1160-1166.
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[13]杨林,陈亚梅,和润莲,等.高山森林土壤微生物群落结构和功能对模拟增温的响应[J].应用生态学报,2016,27(9):2855-2863.
[14]王学娟,周玉梅,江肖洁,等.增温对长白山苔原土壤微生物群落结构的影响[J].生态学报,2014,34(20):5706-5713.
[15]杨建,洪葵.红树林土壤总DNA不同提取方法比较研究[J].生物技术通报,2006(S1):366-371.
[16]Chen Z,Liu J,Wu M,et al.Differentiated response of denitrifying communities to fertilization regime in paddy soil[J].Microbial Ecology,2012,63(2):446-459.
[17]刘艳丽,张斌,胡锋,等.干湿交替对水稻土碳氮矿化的影响[J].土壤,2008,40(4):554-560.
[18]Liu J,Hou H,Sheng R,et al.Denitrifying communities differentially respond to flooding drying cycles in paddy soils[J].Applied Soil Ecology,2012,62:155-162.
[19]吴讷,侯海军,汤亚芳,等.稻田水分管理和秸秆还田对甲烷排放的微生物影响[J].农业工程学报,2016,32(s2):69-76.
[20]Sahrawat K L.Organic matter accumulation in submerged soils[J].Advances in Agronomy,2003,81(3):169-201.
[21]张薇,王子芳,王辉,等.土壤水分和植物残体对紫色水稻土壤有机碳矿化的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2007,13(6):1013-1019.
[22]Allison S D,Treseder K K.Warming and drying suppress microbial activity and carbon cycling in boreal forest soils[J].Global Change Biology,2008,14(12):2898-2909.
[23]Fey A,Conrad R.Effect of Temperature on carbon and electron flow and on the archaeal community in methanogenic rice field soil[J].Applied&Environmental Microbiology,2000,66(11):4790-4797.
[24]宋贤冲,郭丽梅,田红灯,等.猫儿山不同海拔植被带土壤微生物群功能多样性[J].生态学报,2017,37(16):5428-5435.
[25]李世清,任书杰,李生秀.土壤微生物体氮的季节性变化及其与土壤水分和温度的关系[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2004,10(1):18-23.
[26]李忠佩,吴晓晨,陈碧云.不同利用方式下土壤有机碳转化及微生物群落功能多样性变化[J].中国农业科学,2007,40(8):1712-1721.
[27]陈晓光,李洪民,张爱君,等.氮素形态对甘薯土壤微生物及酶活性的影响[J].西南农业学报,2017,30(3):619-623.
[2]张慧,袁红朝,朱亦君,等.不同利用方式对红壤坡地微生物多样性和硝化势的影响[J].生态学杂志,2011,30(6):1169-1176.
[3]黄河仙,谢小立,王凯荣,等.不同覆被下红壤坡地地表径流及其养分流失特征[J].生态环境,2008,17(4):1645-1649.
[4]秦红灵,袁红朝,张慧,等.红壤坡地利用方式对土壤细菌群落结构的影响[J].土壤学报,2011,48(3):594-602.
[5]沈冰洁,祝贞科,袁红朝,等.不同种植方式对亚热带红壤微生物多样性的影响[J].环境科学,2015,36(10):3839-3844.
[6]黄梦青.土地利用方式及施氮对中亚热带山地土壤微生物生物量和群落结构的影响[D].福州:福建师范大学,2013.
[7]林贤青,周伟军,朱德峰,等.稻田水分管理方式对水稻光合速率和水分利用效率的影响[J].中国水稻科学,2004,18(4):55-60.
[8]Pan F X,Li Y Y,Chapman S J,et al.Effect of rice straw application on microbial community and activity in paddy soil under different water status[J].Environmental Science and Pollution Research,2016,23(6):5941-5948.
[9]侯海军,张文钊,沈建林,等.水分管理对稻田细菌丰度与群落结构的影[J].生态环境学报,2016,25(9):1431-1438.
[10]张敬智,马超,郜红建.淹水和好气条件下东北稻田黑土有机碳矿化和微生物群落演变规律.农业环境科学学报,2017,36(6):1160-1166.
[11]Liu R,Hayden H L,Suter H,et al.The effect of temperature and moisture on the source of N2O and contributions from ammonia oxidizers in an agricultural soil[J].Biology and Fertility of Soils,2017,53(1):141-152.
[12]Qin H,Tang Y,Shen J,et al.Abundance of transcripts of functional gene reflects the inverse relationship between CH4and N2O emissions during mid-season drainage in acidic paddy soil[J].Biology and Fertility of Soil,2018,54(8):885-895
[13]杨林,陈亚梅,和润莲,等.高山森林土壤微生物群落结构和功能对模拟增温的响应[J].应用生态学报,2016,27(9):2855-2863.
[14]王学娟,周玉梅,江肖洁,等.增温对长白山苔原土壤微生物群落结构的影响[J].生态学报,2014,34(20):5706-5713.
[15]杨建,洪葵.红树林土壤总DNA不同提取方法比较研究[J].生物技术通报,2006(S1):366-371.
[16]Chen Z,Liu J,Wu M,et al.Differentiated response of denitrifying communities to fertilization regime in paddy soil[J].Microbial Ecology,2012,63(2):446-459.
[17]刘艳丽,张斌,胡锋,等.干湿交替对水稻土碳氮矿化的影响[J].土壤,2008,40(4):554-560.
[18]Liu J,Hou H,Sheng R,et al.Denitrifying communities differentially respond to flooding drying cycles in paddy soils[J].Applied Soil Ecology,2012,62:155-162.
[19]吴讷,侯海军,汤亚芳,等.稻田水分管理和秸秆还田对甲烷排放的微生物影响[J].农业工程学报,2016,32(s2):69-76.
[20]Sahrawat K L.Organic matter accumulation in submerged soils[J].Advances in Agronomy,2003,81(3):169-201.
[21]张薇,王子芳,王辉,等.土壤水分和植物残体对紫色水稻土壤有机碳矿化的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2007,13(6):1013-1019.
[22]Allison S D,Treseder K K.Warming and drying suppress microbial activity and carbon cycling in boreal forest soils[J].Global Change Biology,2008,14(12):2898-2909.
[23]Fey A,Conrad R.Effect of Temperature on carbon and electron flow and on the archaeal community in methanogenic rice field soil[J].Applied&Environmental Microbiology,2000,66(11):4790-4797.
[24]宋贤冲,郭丽梅,田红灯,等.猫儿山不同海拔植被带土壤微生物群功能多样性[J].生态学报,2017,37(16):5428-5435.
[25]李世清,任书杰,李生秀.土壤微生物体氮的季节性变化及其与土壤水分和温度的关系[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2004,10(1):18-23.
[26]李忠佩,吴晓晨,陈碧云.不同利用方式下土壤有机碳转化及微生物群落功能多样性变化[J].中国农业科学,2007,40(8):1712-1721.
[27]陈晓光,李洪民,张爱君,等.氮素形态对甘薯土壤微生物及酶活性的影响[J].西南农业学报,2017,30(3):619-623.