宋明理学价值观研究
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摘要
宋明理学的价值观结构有3个层次:真、善、美。本存为真,其中又以生生之理为本存,也即以生生之理为价值根据。是真为善,其又有两义,一以真为善,其善是无善恶相对的至善,至善在宋明理学以心性道德表之,也即以心性道德为价值本位;二循真为善,此善是有善恶相对的善,在宋明理学由格物致知以实践,也即以格物致知为价值实践意识。而格物致知的本质实是自然,自然则为善无恶,也即宋明理学以顺其自然为价值实践方略。全善为美。全者,充而至极也,善者,真而实存也,充而实,则达至天人合一的境界,也即宋明理学以天人合一为价值理想。宋明理学价值观结构虽权分为三,实又为一,一者自然之生生。
Value structure of the Neo-Confucianism of the Song and the Ming Dynasties has three levels,i. e. truth,goodness,and beauty. Being is the truth,and the theory of creativity is the Being,which means the theory of creativity is the value base. Truth is goodness,which has two meanings. First,truth is goodness,the highest goodness without relatively goodness and evilness which in Neo-Confucianism is presented by xin( 心)-xing( 性) morality,the value base; second,the pursuit of truth is goodness,which is the relatively goodness and evilness,done by ge-wu-zhi-zhi( 格物致知) in Neo-Confucianism. The ge-wu-zhi-zhi is the value practice consciousness. In addition,the essence of ge-wu-zhi-zhi is so-of-itself( 自然),which is the value practice strategy,and goodness appears without evilness. To be perfect is beauty,which is to achieve the seamless unity between Heaven and Man,the value ideal. Although value structure of the Neo-Confucianism has three levels,its essence is one. Truth,goodness and beauty all are the creativity of so-of-itself.
Value structure of the Neo-Confucianism of the Song and the Ming Dynasties has three levels,i. e. truth,goodness,and beauty. Being is the truth,and the theory of creativity is the Being,which means the theory of creativity is the value base. Truth is goodness,which has two meanings. First,truth is goodness,the highest goodness without relatively goodness and evilness which in Neo-Confucianism is presented by xin( 心)-xing( 性) morality,the value base; second,the pursuit of truth is goodness,which is the relatively goodness and evilness,done by ge-wu-zhi-zhi( 格物致知) in Neo-Confucianism. The ge-wu-zhi-zhi is the value practice consciousness. In addition,the essence of ge-wu-zhi-zhi is so-of-itself( 自然),which is the value practice strategy,and goodness appears without evilness. To be perfect is beauty,which is to achieve the seamless unity between Heaven and Man,the value ideal. Although value structure of the Neo-Confucianism has three levels,its essence is one. Truth,goodness and beauty all are the creativity of so-of-itself.
引文
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[3]陈荣捷.中国哲学文献选编[M].杨儒宾,等,译.南京:江苏教育出版社,2006.
[4]程颢,程颐.二程集[M].王孝鱼,点校.北京:中华书局,2004.
[5]牟宗三.宋明儒学的问题与发展[M].上海:华东师范大学出版社,2004.
[6]王阳明.王阳明全集[M].上海:上海古籍出版社,1992.
[7]朱熹.朱子语类[M].北京:中华书局,2004.
[8]孙伟平.价值差异与社会和谐——全球化与东亚价值观[M].长沙:湖南师范大学出版社,2008.
[9]牟宗三.中国哲学的特质[M].长春:吉林出版集团有限责任公司,2010.
[10]刘莉萍,俞帆,张伟.王阳明哲学体系的理论建构和学说特征[J].湖南大学学报(社会科学版),2016(5):55-59.
[11]朱熹.四书章句集注[M].北京:中华书局,1983.
[12]陈来.朱子哲学研究[M].上海:华东师范大学出版社,2000.
[13]朱熹.朱子语类[M].上海:上海古籍出版社;合肥:安徽教育出版社,2002.
[14]刘宗周.刘宗周全集(第二册)[M].杭州:浙江古籍出版社,2007.
[15]陈来.仁学本体论[M].北京:生活·读书·新知三联书店,2004.
[16]牟宗三.寂寞中的独体[M].北京:新星出版社,2005.
[17]王传林.朱熹之“理”的价值内蕴与路向[J].烟台大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2015(5):1-15.