饲料油菜作绿肥对后茬麦田土壤肥力及细菌群落的影响
|
摘要
【目的】探讨黄土高原旱地麦后复种饲料油菜还田对后茬麦田土壤养分、酶活性及细菌群落的影响,为改善农田地力提供依据。【方法】设置饲料油菜播量(S1:小播量;S2:中播量;S3:大播量)和还田时期(D1:早期还田9月10日;D2:中期还田9月20日;D3:晚期还田9月30日)二因素试验,以常规农户复种夏玉米模式为对照,比较后茬麦田土壤养分及酶活性变化,并采用16S rRNA基因Illumina MiSeq高通量测序技术和PICRUSt基因预测分析方法,比较后茬麦田耕层土壤细菌群落结构、多样性及代谢功能变化。【结果】与常规农户模式相比,饲料油菜还田可不同程度提升土壤养分及酶活性,其中有机质含量和蔗糖酶活性的提升范围最大,分别为11.73%—60.5%和1.4%—94.5%;饲料油菜播量显著影响土壤养分和酶活性,还田时期显著影响土壤有机质含量和蔗糖酶活性,二者间互作效应显著影响碱性磷酸酶活性;播量、还田时期及其互作效应均显著影响细菌群落多样性;大播量晚期还田处理(S3D3)在所有指标中均表现最优。细菌群落组成方面,门水平上10个土壤样品共得到19个类群,其中优势菌群为变形菌门、放线菌门、酸杆菌门和厚壁菌门;聚类结果显示,10个处理可聚为大播量、中播量、小播量和常规农户模式4类,表明不同播量油菜还田明显改变了土壤细菌群落构成。RDA分析表明,土壤养分、酶活性与细菌群落多样性密切相关。PICRUSt功能预测表明,土壤细菌群落具有丰富的代谢功能,其中编码新陈代谢的基因具有明显优势;二级预测功能分类中,氨基酸代谢、碳水化合物代谢和能量代谢是主要代谢功能路径。KEGG直系同源基因簇KO(KEGG orthologous groups)丰度热图结果表明,油菜还田增加了与土壤碳、氮代谢相关的细菌群落。【结论】合理复种饲料油菜并还田可提高后茬麦田土壤养分含量及酶活性,并有效改善细菌群落多样性,增加土壤有益菌群落数量。夏闲期引入饲料油菜作绿肥对提高黄土高原旱地麦田土壤肥力以及合理农作非常有利。
【Objective】 The experiment was conducted to explore the effects of rapeseed planting as green manure on soil nutrients, enzyme activities and bacterial community in dryland wheat field of Loess Plateau in order to improve farmland fertility.【Method】The experiment was arranged as two-factor split-plot design including sowing rates(S1: small amount; S2: medium amount; S3: large amount) as main plots and rapeseed composting dates(D1: September 10 as early period; D2: September 20 as medium period; D3: September 30 as late period) as subplots. Soil samples at replanting maize field at local areas were considered as control to compare the soil nutrient and enzyme activities. The high-throughput sequencing and PICRUSt gene prediction analysis method was used to determine soil community composition and metabolic function.【Result】Rapeseed manure increased the soil nutrients, enzyme activity and soil bacterial community and soil organic matter and sucrase activity were increased the most, ranging from 11.7% to 60.5%, and 1.4% to 94.5%, respectively, compared with control. Soil nutrients and enzyme activities were significantly affected by rapeseed sowing rates and soil organic matter, and sucrase activity were significantly affected by rapeseed composting dates. Alkaline phosphatase activity and soil bacterial community were significantly influenced with interaction between sowing rate and compositing date. Soil nutrients, enzyme activities and soil bacterial community diversity in S3 D3 group were the highest as compared to other treatments. For bacterial community composition, 19 bacterial populations were identified in 10 soil samples at the phylum level, of which the dominant bacterial population were Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Acidobacteria and Firmicutes. Cluster analysis showed that ten treatments could be clustered into four categories, including large amount, medium amount, small amount and control. Results indicated that rapeseed composting could significantly altered soil bacterial community composition. RDA analysis showed that there was a positive correlation between soil nutrients, enzyme activities and Acidobacteria,Betaproteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria, Alphaproteobacteria, Gemmatimonadetes, Actinobacteria and bacterial diversity.According to the PICRUSt analysis, soil bacterial community had rich metabolic functions and genes encoding metabolism were highest. Amino acid metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, energy metabolism and environmental information processes were key metabolic function pathways in secondary prediction function classification. Heat map analysis of KEGG demonstrated that rapeseed composting increased the bacterial community associated with soil carbon and nitrogen metabolism.【Conclusion】Sowing amount and rapeseed composting date significantly increased the soil nutrients, enzyme activities of succeeding wheat field and effectively,and improved the composition and diversity of soil bacterial community and enhanced the beneficial bacteria. The introduction of feed rapeseed as green manure during the summer fallow period is beneficial to improve the soil fertility and provide reasonable farming system in the dryland of the Loess Plateau.
【Objective】 The experiment was conducted to explore the effects of rapeseed planting as green manure on soil nutrients, enzyme activities and bacterial community in dryland wheat field of Loess Plateau in order to improve farmland fertility.【Method】The experiment was arranged as two-factor split-plot design including sowing rates(S1: small amount; S2: medium amount; S3: large amount) as main plots and rapeseed composting dates(D1: September 10 as early period; D2: September 20 as medium period; D3: September 30 as late period) as subplots. Soil samples at replanting maize field at local areas were considered as control to compare the soil nutrient and enzyme activities. The high-throughput sequencing and PICRUSt gene prediction analysis method was used to determine soil community composition and metabolic function.【Result】Rapeseed manure increased the soil nutrients, enzyme activity and soil bacterial community and soil organic matter and sucrase activity were increased the most, ranging from 11.7% to 60.5%, and 1.4% to 94.5%, respectively, compared with control. Soil nutrients and enzyme activities were significantly affected by rapeseed sowing rates and soil organic matter, and sucrase activity were significantly affected by rapeseed composting dates. Alkaline phosphatase activity and soil bacterial community were significantly influenced with interaction between sowing rate and compositing date. Soil nutrients, enzyme activities and soil bacterial community diversity in S3 D3 group were the highest as compared to other treatments. For bacterial community composition, 19 bacterial populations were identified in 10 soil samples at the phylum level, of which the dominant bacterial population were Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Acidobacteria and Firmicutes. Cluster analysis showed that ten treatments could be clustered into four categories, including large amount, medium amount, small amount and control. Results indicated that rapeseed composting could significantly altered soil bacterial community composition. RDA analysis showed that there was a positive correlation between soil nutrients, enzyme activities and Acidobacteria,Betaproteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria, Alphaproteobacteria, Gemmatimonadetes, Actinobacteria and bacterial diversity.According to the PICRUSt analysis, soil bacterial community had rich metabolic functions and genes encoding metabolism were highest. Amino acid metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, energy metabolism and environmental information processes were key metabolic function pathways in secondary prediction function classification. Heat map analysis of KEGG demonstrated that rapeseed composting increased the bacterial community associated with soil carbon and nitrogen metabolism.【Conclusion】Sowing amount and rapeseed composting date significantly increased the soil nutrients, enzyme activities of succeeding wheat field and effectively,and improved the composition and diversity of soil bacterial community and enhanced the beneficial bacteria. The introduction of feed rapeseed as green manure during the summer fallow period is beneficial to improve the soil fertility and provide reasonable farming system in the dryland of the Loess Plateau.
引文
[1]LIU Z P,SHAO M A,WANG Y Q.Effect of environmental factors on regional soil organic carbon stocks across the Loess Plateau region,China.Agriculture,Ecosystems&Environment,2011,142(3):184-194.
[2]张卫峰,马林,黄高强,武良,陈新平,张福锁.中国氮肥发展、贡献和挑战.中国农业科学,2013,46(15):3161-3171.ZHANG W F,MA L,HUANG G Q,WU L,CHEN X P,ZHANG F S.The development and contribution of nitrogenous fertilizer in China and challenges faced by the country.Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2013,46(15):3161-3171.(in Chinese)
[3]金书秦,邢晓旭.农业面源污染的趋势研判、政策评述和对策建议.中国农业科学,2018,51(3):593-600.JIN S Q,XING X X.Trend analysis,policy evaluation,and recommendations of agricultural non-point source pollution.Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2018,51(3):593-600.(in Chinese)
[4]ZHANG D B,YAO P W,ZHAO N,YU C W,CAO W D,GAO Y J.Contribution of green manure legumes to nitrogen dynamics in traditional winter wheat cropping system in the Loess Plateau of China.European Journal of Agronomy,2016,72:47-55.
[5]陈洪俊,黄国勤,杨滨娟,王晓维.冬种绿肥对早稻产量及稻田杂草群落的影响.中国农业科学,2014,47(10):1976-1984.CHEN H J,HUANG G Q,YANG B J,WANG X W.Effects of different winter planting-green manure on the grain yield of rice and weed community of paddy field.Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2014,47(10):1976-1984.(in Chinese)
[6]杨滨娟,黄国勤,王超,林青,徐宁.稻田冬种绿肥对水稻产量和土壤肥力的影响.中国生态农业学报,2013,21(10):1209-1216.YANG B J,HAUNG G Q,WANG C,LIN Q,XU N.Effects of winter green manure cultivation on rice yield and soil fertility in paddy field.Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture,2013,21(10):1209-1216.(in Chinese)
[7]RAMIREZ K S,LAUBER C L,KNIGHT R,BRADFROD M,FIERER N.Consistent effects of nitrogen fertilization on soil bacterial communities in contrasting systems.Ecology,2010,91(12):3463-3470.
[8]DING J,JIANG X,GUAN D,ZHAO B,MA M,ZHOU B.Influence of inorganic fertilizer and organic manure application on fungal communities in a long-term field experiment of Chinese mollisols.Applied Soil Ecology,2017,11:114-122.
[9]王传杰,肖婧,蔡岸冬,张文菊,徐明岗.不同气候与施肥条件下农田土壤微生物生物量特征与容量分析.中国农业科学,2017,50(6):1067-1075.WANG C J,XIAO J,CAI A D,ZHANG W J,XU M G.Capacity and characteristics of soil microbial biomass under various climate and fertilization conditions across China croplands.Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2017,50(6):1067-1075.(in Chinese)
[10]CHANG H L,PARK K D,JUNG K Y,ALI M A,KIM P J.Effect of Chinese milk vetch(Astragalus sinicus L.)as a green manure on rice productivity and methane emission in paddy soil.Agriculture Ecosystems&Environment,2015,138(3):343-347.
[11]YE X F,LIU H E,LI Z,WAGN Y,WAGN Y Y,WANG H F,LIU G S.Effects of green manure continuous application on soil microbial biomass and enzyme activity.Journal of Plant Nutrition,2014,37(4):498-508.
[12]NICOLAISEN M H,RISGAARD P N,REVSBECH N P,REICHARDTW,RAMSING N B.Nitrification-denitrification dynamics and community structure of ammonia oxidizing bacteria in a high yield irrigated Philippine rice field.FEMS Microbiology Ecology,2004,49(3):359-369.
[13]TANAKA D L,LYON D J,MILLER P R,MERRILL S D,MCCONKEY B G.Soil and water conservation advances in the semiarid Northern Great Plains.Journal of Field Ornithology Mcconkey,2010,82(2):132-139.
[14]O'Dea J K,Miller P R,JONES C A.Greening summer fallow with legume green manures:On-farm assessment in north-central Montana.Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2013,68(4):270-282.
[15]赵刚,樊廷录,李尚中,张建军,王勇,党翼,王磊.夏休闲期复种油菜对旱地土壤水分和小麦产量的影响.应用生态学报,2013,24(10):2807-2813.ZHAO G,FAN T L,LI S Z,ZHANG J J,WANG Y,DANG Y,WANGL.Effects of rape cropping in summer fallow period on dryland soil moisture content and winter wheat yield.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2013,24(10):2807-2813.(in Chinese)
[16]李红燕,胡铁成,曹群虎,鱼昌为,曹卫东,黄冬琳,翟丙年,高亚军.旱地不同绿肥品种和种植方式提高土壤肥力的效果.植物营养与肥料学报,2016,22(5):1310-1318.LI H Y,HU T C,CAO Q H,YU C W,CAO W D,HUANG D L,ZHAI B N,GAO Y J.Effect of improving soil fertility by planting different green manures in different patterns in dryland.Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer,2016,22(5):1310-1318.(in Chinese)
[17]何红霞,李小涵,包明,李超,马小龙,何刚,邱炜红,王朝辉.栽培模式对旱地小麦产量和土壤肥力的影响.应用生态学报,2019,30(2):573-582.HE H X,LI X H,BAO M,LI C,MA X L,HE G,QIU W H,WANG Z H.Effects of cultivation patterns on wheat yield and soil fertility in dryland.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2019,30(2):573-582.(in Chinese)
[18]MOSAVI S B,JAFARZADEH A A,NISHABOURI M R,SH O,FEIZIASL V.Application of rye green manure in wheat rotation system alters soil water content and chemical characteristics under dryland condition in Maragheh.Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences,2009,12(2):178-182.
[19]TAO J M,LIU X D,LIANG Y L,NIU J,XIAO Y H,GU Y B,MA LY,MENG D L,ZHANG Y G,HUANG W K,PENG D L,YING H Q.Maize growth responses to soil microbes and soil properties after fertilization with different green manures.Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology,2017,101(3):1289-1299.
[20]LONGA C M O,NICOLA L,ANTONIELLI L,MESCALCHIN E,ZANZOTTI R,TURCO E,PERTOT I.Soil microbiota respond to green manure in organic vineyards.Journal of Applied Microbiology,2017,123(6):1547-1560.
[21]LAN M L,GAO M.Influence of different straws returning with landfill on soil microbial community structure under dry and water farming.Environmental Science,2015,36(11):4252-4259.
[22]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析.3版.北京:中国农业出版社,2000.BAO S D.Analyses of Soil Agro-Chemistry.3rd ed.Beijing:China Agriculture Press,2000.(in Chinese)
[23]关松荫.土壤酶及其研究法.北京:农业出版社,1986.GUAN S Y.Soil Enzymes and Its Research Methods.Beijing:Agriculture Press,1986.(in Chinese)
[24]EDGAR R C.Search and clustering orders of magnitude faster than BLAST.Bioinformatics,2010,26(19):2460.
[25]LANGILLE M G I,ZANEVELD J,CAPORASO J G,MCDONALDD,KNIGHTS D,REYES J A.Predictive functional profiling of microbial communities using 16S rRNA marker gene sequences.Nature Biotechnology,2013,31(9):814-821.
[26]SCHLOSS P D,GEVERS D,WESTCOTT S L.Reducing the effects of PCR amplification and sequencing artifacts on 16S r RNA-based studies.PLoS ONE,2011,6(12):1-14.
[27]SCHLOSS P D,HANDELSMAN J.Introducing DOTUR,a computer program for defining operational taxonomic units and estimating species richness.Applied&Environmental Microbiology,2005,71(3):1501-1506.
[28]YE X F,LIU H E,LI Z,WANG Y,WANG Y Y,WANG H F,LIU G S.Effects of green manure continuous application on soil microbial biomass and enzyme activity.Journal of Plant Nutrition,2014,37(4):498-508.
[29]叶协锋,杨超,李正,敬海霞.绿肥对植烟土壤酶活性及土壤肥力的影响.植物营养与肥料学报,2013,19(2):445-454.YIE X F,YANG C,LI Z,GING H X.Effects of green manure in corporation on soil enzyme activities and fertility in tobacco-planting soils.Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science,2013,19(2):445-454.(in Chinese)
[30]ZHAO N,ZHAO H B,YU C W,CAO Q H,LI M,CAO W D,GAO YJ.Nutrient releases of leguminous green manures in rainfed lands.Plant Nutrition&Fertilizer Science,2011,17(5):1179-1187.
[31]BAUER J,KIRSCHBAUM M U F,WEIHERMULLER L,HUISMAN J A,HERBST M,VEREECKEN H.Temperature response of wheat decomposition is more complex than the common approaches of most multi-pool models.Soil Biology&Biochemistry,2008,40(11):2780-2786.
[32]杨珍平,郝教敏,苗果园.混作在黄土母质生土改良中的应用.应用与环境生物学报,2011,17(3):388-392.YANG Z P,HAO J M,MIAO G Y.Utilization of mixture cropping to improve immature loess soil.Chinese Journal of Applied&Environmental Biology,2011,17(3):388-392.(in Chinese)
[33]王秀呈.稻-稻-绿肥长期轮作对水稻土壤及根系细菌群落的影响[D].北京:中国农业科学院,2015.WANG X C.The influence of long term rice-rice-green manure rotation on rice bulk soil and root-associated bacteria[D].Beijing:Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,2015.(in Chinese)
[34]林叶春,李雨,陈伟,陈懿,高维常,和凤梅,黄化刚,潘文杰.绿肥压青对喀斯特地区植烟土壤细菌群落特征的影响.中国土壤与肥料,2018(3):161-167.LIN Y C,LI Y,CHEN W,CHEN Y,GAO W C,HE F M,HUANG HG,PAN W J.Effects of green manures on the bacterial community characteristics of the rhizosphere soil in flue-cured tobacco.Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China,2018(3):161-167.(in Chinese)
[35]包明,何红霞,马小龙,王朝辉,邱炜红.化学氮肥与绿肥对麦田土壤细菌多样性和功能的影响.土壤学报,2018,55(3):734-743.BAO M,HE H X,MA X L,WANG Z H,QIU W H.Effects of chemical nitrogen fertilizer and green manure on diversity and functions of soil bacteria in wheat field.Acta Pedologica Sinica,2018,55(3):734-743.(in Chinese)
[36]ELLA W,HALLIN S,PHILIPPOT L.Differential responses of bacterial and archaeal groups at high taxonomical ranks to soil management.Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2010,42(10):1759-1765.
[37]FIERER N,LAUBER C L,RAMIREZ K S,ZANEVELD J,BRADFORD M A,KNIGHT R.Comparative metagenomic,phylogenetic and physiological analyses of soil microbial communities across nitrogen gradients.The ISME Journal,2012,6(5):1007-1017.
[38]王伏伟,王晓波,李金才,叶爱华,王妍,车威,朱林.施肥及秸秆还田对砂姜黑土细菌群落的影响.中国生态农业学报,2015,23(10):1302-1311.WANG F W,WANG X B,LI J C,YE A H,WANG Y,CHE W,ZHU L.Effects of fertilization and straw incorporation on bacterial communities in lime concretion black soil.Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture,2015,23(10):1302-1311.(in Chinese)
[39]魏志文,李韵雅,江威,廖祥儒.无锡地区常见树木根际土壤酸杆菌多样.生态学杂志,2018,37(9):2649-2656.WEI Z W,LI Y Y,JIANG W,LIAO X R.Diversity of acidobacteria in rhizosphere soils of common trees in Wuxi.Chinese Journal of Ecology,2018,37(9):2649-2656.(in Chinese)
[40]SAIT M,DAVIS K E R,JANSSEN P H.Effect of pH on isolation and distribution of members of subdivision 1 of the phylum acidobacteria occurring in soil.Colloids&Surfaces B Biointerfaces,2006,53(2):215-224.
[41]曹彦强,闫小娟,罗红燕,贾仲君,蒋先军.不同酸碱性紫色土的硝化活性及微生物群落组成.土壤学报,2018,55(1):194-202.CAO Y Q,YAN X J,LUO H Y,JIA Z J,JIANG X J.Nitrification activity and microbial community structure in purple soils with different pH.Acta Pedologica Sinica,2018,55(1):194-202.(in Chinese)
[42]钱雅丽,梁志婷,曹铨,杨宪龙,沈禹颖,王先之.陇东旱作果园生草对土壤细菌群落组成的影响.生态学杂志,2018,37(10):3010-3017.QIAN Y L,LIANG Z T,CAO Q,YANG X L,SHEN Y Y,WANG X Z.Effects of grass-planting on soil bacterial community composition of apple orchard in Longdong arid region.Chinese Journal of Ecology,2018,37(10):3010-3017.(in Chinese)
[43]FIERER N,JACKSON R B.The diversity and biogeography of soil bacterial communities.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,2006,103(3):626-631.
[44]张贵云,吕贝贝,张丽萍,刘珍,范巧兰,魏明峰,姚众,袁嘉玮,柴跃进.黄土高原旱地麦田26年免耕覆盖对土壤肥力及原核微生物群落多样性的影响.中国生态农业学报,2019(3):358-368.ZHANG G Y,LV B B,ZHANG L P,LIU Z,FAN Q L,WEI M F,YAO Z,YUAN J W,CHAI Y J.Effect of long-term no-tillage with stubble on soil fertility and diversity of prokaryotic microbiome in dryland wheat soils on the Loess Plateau,China.Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture,2019(3):358-368.(in Chinese)
[45]LEBRUN E S,KANG S.A comparison of computationally predicted functional metagenomes and microarray analysis for microbial P cycle genes in a unique basalt-soil forest.F1000research,2018,7:179.
[46]KHURANA P,GOKHALE R S,MOHANTY D.Genome scale prediction of substrate specificity for acyl adenylate superfamily of enzymes based on active site residue profiles.BMC Bioinformatics,2010,11(1):57.
[47]李志杰,张凯,翟宇佳,周强军,耿运琪,孙飞.线虫烯脂酰CoA水合酶的克隆、表达、纯化及初步晶体学分析.生物物理学报,2010,26(1):37-48.LI Z J,ZHANG K,ZHAI Y J,ZHOU Q J,GENG Y Q,SUN F.Cloning,expression,purification and preliminary crystallographic analysis of Caenorhabditis elegans Enoyl-CoA hydratase.Acta Biophysica Sinica,2010,26(1):37-48.(in Chinese)
[48]KRIVORUCHKO A,ZHANG Y,SIEWERS V.Microbial acetyl-CoAmetabolism and metabolic engineering.Metabolic Engineering,2015,28:28-42.
[49]ANDREWS M,LEA P J,RAVEN J A,LINDSEY K.Can genetic manipulation of plant nitrogen assimilation enzymes result in increased crop yield and greater N-use efficiency an assessment.Annals of Applied Biology,2015,145(1):25-40.
[50]吕娜娜,沈宗专,王东升,刘红军,薛超,李荣,沈其荣.施用氨基酸有机肥对黄瓜产量及土壤生物学性状的影响.南京农业大学学报,2018,41(03):456-464.LV N N,SHEN Z Z,WANG D S,LIU H J,XUE C,LI R,SHEN Q R.Effects of amino acid organic fertilizer on cucumber yield and soil biological characters.Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University,2018,41(3):456-464.(in Chinese)
[51]武姣娜,魏晓东,李霞,张金飞,谢寅峰.植物氮素利用效率的研究进展.植物生理学报,2018,54(9):1401-1408.WU J N,WEI X D,LI X,ZHANG J F,XIE Y F.Research progress in nitrogen use efficiency in plants.Plant Physiology Journal,2018,54(9):1401-1408.(in Chinese)
[52]POLACCO J C,MAZZAFERA P,TEZOTTO T.Opinion-nickel and urease in plants:Still many knowledge gaps.Plant Science,2013,199/200:79-90.
[53]张亚玉,孙海,高明,孙长伟,汪景宽.吉林省人参土壤中重金属污染水平及生物有效性研究.土壤学报,2011,48(6):1306-1313.ZHANG Y Y,SUN H,GAO M,SUN C W,WANG J K.Pollution level and bioavailability of heavy metals in ginseng soil Jilin Province.Acta Pedologica Sinica,2011,48(6):1306-1313.(in Chinese)
[2]张卫峰,马林,黄高强,武良,陈新平,张福锁.中国氮肥发展、贡献和挑战.中国农业科学,2013,46(15):3161-3171.ZHANG W F,MA L,HUANG G Q,WU L,CHEN X P,ZHANG F S.The development and contribution of nitrogenous fertilizer in China and challenges faced by the country.Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2013,46(15):3161-3171.(in Chinese)
[3]金书秦,邢晓旭.农业面源污染的趋势研判、政策评述和对策建议.中国农业科学,2018,51(3):593-600.JIN S Q,XING X X.Trend analysis,policy evaluation,and recommendations of agricultural non-point source pollution.Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2018,51(3):593-600.(in Chinese)
[4]ZHANG D B,YAO P W,ZHAO N,YU C W,CAO W D,GAO Y J.Contribution of green manure legumes to nitrogen dynamics in traditional winter wheat cropping system in the Loess Plateau of China.European Journal of Agronomy,2016,72:47-55.
[5]陈洪俊,黄国勤,杨滨娟,王晓维.冬种绿肥对早稻产量及稻田杂草群落的影响.中国农业科学,2014,47(10):1976-1984.CHEN H J,HUANG G Q,YANG B J,WANG X W.Effects of different winter planting-green manure on the grain yield of rice and weed community of paddy field.Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2014,47(10):1976-1984.(in Chinese)
[6]杨滨娟,黄国勤,王超,林青,徐宁.稻田冬种绿肥对水稻产量和土壤肥力的影响.中国生态农业学报,2013,21(10):1209-1216.YANG B J,HAUNG G Q,WANG C,LIN Q,XU N.Effects of winter green manure cultivation on rice yield and soil fertility in paddy field.Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture,2013,21(10):1209-1216.(in Chinese)
[7]RAMIREZ K S,LAUBER C L,KNIGHT R,BRADFROD M,FIERER N.Consistent effects of nitrogen fertilization on soil bacterial communities in contrasting systems.Ecology,2010,91(12):3463-3470.
[8]DING J,JIANG X,GUAN D,ZHAO B,MA M,ZHOU B.Influence of inorganic fertilizer and organic manure application on fungal communities in a long-term field experiment of Chinese mollisols.Applied Soil Ecology,2017,11:114-122.
[9]王传杰,肖婧,蔡岸冬,张文菊,徐明岗.不同气候与施肥条件下农田土壤微生物生物量特征与容量分析.中国农业科学,2017,50(6):1067-1075.WANG C J,XIAO J,CAI A D,ZHANG W J,XU M G.Capacity and characteristics of soil microbial biomass under various climate and fertilization conditions across China croplands.Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2017,50(6):1067-1075.(in Chinese)
[10]CHANG H L,PARK K D,JUNG K Y,ALI M A,KIM P J.Effect of Chinese milk vetch(Astragalus sinicus L.)as a green manure on rice productivity and methane emission in paddy soil.Agriculture Ecosystems&Environment,2015,138(3):343-347.
[11]YE X F,LIU H E,LI Z,WAGN Y,WAGN Y Y,WANG H F,LIU G S.Effects of green manure continuous application on soil microbial biomass and enzyme activity.Journal of Plant Nutrition,2014,37(4):498-508.
[12]NICOLAISEN M H,RISGAARD P N,REVSBECH N P,REICHARDTW,RAMSING N B.Nitrification-denitrification dynamics and community structure of ammonia oxidizing bacteria in a high yield irrigated Philippine rice field.FEMS Microbiology Ecology,2004,49(3):359-369.
[13]TANAKA D L,LYON D J,MILLER P R,MERRILL S D,MCCONKEY B G.Soil and water conservation advances in the semiarid Northern Great Plains.Journal of Field Ornithology Mcconkey,2010,82(2):132-139.
[14]O'Dea J K,Miller P R,JONES C A.Greening summer fallow with legume green manures:On-farm assessment in north-central Montana.Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2013,68(4):270-282.
[15]赵刚,樊廷录,李尚中,张建军,王勇,党翼,王磊.夏休闲期复种油菜对旱地土壤水分和小麦产量的影响.应用生态学报,2013,24(10):2807-2813.ZHAO G,FAN T L,LI S Z,ZHANG J J,WANG Y,DANG Y,WANGL.Effects of rape cropping in summer fallow period on dryland soil moisture content and winter wheat yield.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2013,24(10):2807-2813.(in Chinese)
[16]李红燕,胡铁成,曹群虎,鱼昌为,曹卫东,黄冬琳,翟丙年,高亚军.旱地不同绿肥品种和种植方式提高土壤肥力的效果.植物营养与肥料学报,2016,22(5):1310-1318.LI H Y,HU T C,CAO Q H,YU C W,CAO W D,HUANG D L,ZHAI B N,GAO Y J.Effect of improving soil fertility by planting different green manures in different patterns in dryland.Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer,2016,22(5):1310-1318.(in Chinese)
[17]何红霞,李小涵,包明,李超,马小龙,何刚,邱炜红,王朝辉.栽培模式对旱地小麦产量和土壤肥力的影响.应用生态学报,2019,30(2):573-582.HE H X,LI X H,BAO M,LI C,MA X L,HE G,QIU W H,WANG Z H.Effects of cultivation patterns on wheat yield and soil fertility in dryland.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2019,30(2):573-582.(in Chinese)
[18]MOSAVI S B,JAFARZADEH A A,NISHABOURI M R,SH O,FEIZIASL V.Application of rye green manure in wheat rotation system alters soil water content and chemical characteristics under dryland condition in Maragheh.Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences,2009,12(2):178-182.
[19]TAO J M,LIU X D,LIANG Y L,NIU J,XIAO Y H,GU Y B,MA LY,MENG D L,ZHANG Y G,HUANG W K,PENG D L,YING H Q.Maize growth responses to soil microbes and soil properties after fertilization with different green manures.Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology,2017,101(3):1289-1299.
[20]LONGA C M O,NICOLA L,ANTONIELLI L,MESCALCHIN E,ZANZOTTI R,TURCO E,PERTOT I.Soil microbiota respond to green manure in organic vineyards.Journal of Applied Microbiology,2017,123(6):1547-1560.
[21]LAN M L,GAO M.Influence of different straws returning with landfill on soil microbial community structure under dry and water farming.Environmental Science,2015,36(11):4252-4259.
[22]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析.3版.北京:中国农业出版社,2000.BAO S D.Analyses of Soil Agro-Chemistry.3rd ed.Beijing:China Agriculture Press,2000.(in Chinese)
[23]关松荫.土壤酶及其研究法.北京:农业出版社,1986.GUAN S Y.Soil Enzymes and Its Research Methods.Beijing:Agriculture Press,1986.(in Chinese)
[24]EDGAR R C.Search and clustering orders of magnitude faster than BLAST.Bioinformatics,2010,26(19):2460.
[25]LANGILLE M G I,ZANEVELD J,CAPORASO J G,MCDONALDD,KNIGHTS D,REYES J A.Predictive functional profiling of microbial communities using 16S rRNA marker gene sequences.Nature Biotechnology,2013,31(9):814-821.
[26]SCHLOSS P D,GEVERS D,WESTCOTT S L.Reducing the effects of PCR amplification and sequencing artifacts on 16S r RNA-based studies.PLoS ONE,2011,6(12):1-14.
[27]SCHLOSS P D,HANDELSMAN J.Introducing DOTUR,a computer program for defining operational taxonomic units and estimating species richness.Applied&Environmental Microbiology,2005,71(3):1501-1506.
[28]YE X F,LIU H E,LI Z,WANG Y,WANG Y Y,WANG H F,LIU G S.Effects of green manure continuous application on soil microbial biomass and enzyme activity.Journal of Plant Nutrition,2014,37(4):498-508.
[29]叶协锋,杨超,李正,敬海霞.绿肥对植烟土壤酶活性及土壤肥力的影响.植物营养与肥料学报,2013,19(2):445-454.YIE X F,YANG C,LI Z,GING H X.Effects of green manure in corporation on soil enzyme activities and fertility in tobacco-planting soils.Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science,2013,19(2):445-454.(in Chinese)
[30]ZHAO N,ZHAO H B,YU C W,CAO Q H,LI M,CAO W D,GAO YJ.Nutrient releases of leguminous green manures in rainfed lands.Plant Nutrition&Fertilizer Science,2011,17(5):1179-1187.
[31]BAUER J,KIRSCHBAUM M U F,WEIHERMULLER L,HUISMAN J A,HERBST M,VEREECKEN H.Temperature response of wheat decomposition is more complex than the common approaches of most multi-pool models.Soil Biology&Biochemistry,2008,40(11):2780-2786.
[32]杨珍平,郝教敏,苗果园.混作在黄土母质生土改良中的应用.应用与环境生物学报,2011,17(3):388-392.YANG Z P,HAO J M,MIAO G Y.Utilization of mixture cropping to improve immature loess soil.Chinese Journal of Applied&Environmental Biology,2011,17(3):388-392.(in Chinese)
[33]王秀呈.稻-稻-绿肥长期轮作对水稻土壤及根系细菌群落的影响[D].北京:中国农业科学院,2015.WANG X C.The influence of long term rice-rice-green manure rotation on rice bulk soil and root-associated bacteria[D].Beijing:Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,2015.(in Chinese)
[34]林叶春,李雨,陈伟,陈懿,高维常,和凤梅,黄化刚,潘文杰.绿肥压青对喀斯特地区植烟土壤细菌群落特征的影响.中国土壤与肥料,2018(3):161-167.LIN Y C,LI Y,CHEN W,CHEN Y,GAO W C,HE F M,HUANG HG,PAN W J.Effects of green manures on the bacterial community characteristics of the rhizosphere soil in flue-cured tobacco.Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China,2018(3):161-167.(in Chinese)
[35]包明,何红霞,马小龙,王朝辉,邱炜红.化学氮肥与绿肥对麦田土壤细菌多样性和功能的影响.土壤学报,2018,55(3):734-743.BAO M,HE H X,MA X L,WANG Z H,QIU W H.Effects of chemical nitrogen fertilizer and green manure on diversity and functions of soil bacteria in wheat field.Acta Pedologica Sinica,2018,55(3):734-743.(in Chinese)
[36]ELLA W,HALLIN S,PHILIPPOT L.Differential responses of bacterial and archaeal groups at high taxonomical ranks to soil management.Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2010,42(10):1759-1765.
[37]FIERER N,LAUBER C L,RAMIREZ K S,ZANEVELD J,BRADFORD M A,KNIGHT R.Comparative metagenomic,phylogenetic and physiological analyses of soil microbial communities across nitrogen gradients.The ISME Journal,2012,6(5):1007-1017.
[38]王伏伟,王晓波,李金才,叶爱华,王妍,车威,朱林.施肥及秸秆还田对砂姜黑土细菌群落的影响.中国生态农业学报,2015,23(10):1302-1311.WANG F W,WANG X B,LI J C,YE A H,WANG Y,CHE W,ZHU L.Effects of fertilization and straw incorporation on bacterial communities in lime concretion black soil.Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture,2015,23(10):1302-1311.(in Chinese)
[39]魏志文,李韵雅,江威,廖祥儒.无锡地区常见树木根际土壤酸杆菌多样.生态学杂志,2018,37(9):2649-2656.WEI Z W,LI Y Y,JIANG W,LIAO X R.Diversity of acidobacteria in rhizosphere soils of common trees in Wuxi.Chinese Journal of Ecology,2018,37(9):2649-2656.(in Chinese)
[40]SAIT M,DAVIS K E R,JANSSEN P H.Effect of pH on isolation and distribution of members of subdivision 1 of the phylum acidobacteria occurring in soil.Colloids&Surfaces B Biointerfaces,2006,53(2):215-224.
[41]曹彦强,闫小娟,罗红燕,贾仲君,蒋先军.不同酸碱性紫色土的硝化活性及微生物群落组成.土壤学报,2018,55(1):194-202.CAO Y Q,YAN X J,LUO H Y,JIA Z J,JIANG X J.Nitrification activity and microbial community structure in purple soils with different pH.Acta Pedologica Sinica,2018,55(1):194-202.(in Chinese)
[42]钱雅丽,梁志婷,曹铨,杨宪龙,沈禹颖,王先之.陇东旱作果园生草对土壤细菌群落组成的影响.生态学杂志,2018,37(10):3010-3017.QIAN Y L,LIANG Z T,CAO Q,YANG X L,SHEN Y Y,WANG X Z.Effects of grass-planting on soil bacterial community composition of apple orchard in Longdong arid region.Chinese Journal of Ecology,2018,37(10):3010-3017.(in Chinese)
[43]FIERER N,JACKSON R B.The diversity and biogeography of soil bacterial communities.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,2006,103(3):626-631.
[44]张贵云,吕贝贝,张丽萍,刘珍,范巧兰,魏明峰,姚众,袁嘉玮,柴跃进.黄土高原旱地麦田26年免耕覆盖对土壤肥力及原核微生物群落多样性的影响.中国生态农业学报,2019(3):358-368.ZHANG G Y,LV B B,ZHANG L P,LIU Z,FAN Q L,WEI M F,YAO Z,YUAN J W,CHAI Y J.Effect of long-term no-tillage with stubble on soil fertility and diversity of prokaryotic microbiome in dryland wheat soils on the Loess Plateau,China.Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture,2019(3):358-368.(in Chinese)
[45]LEBRUN E S,KANG S.A comparison of computationally predicted functional metagenomes and microarray analysis for microbial P cycle genes in a unique basalt-soil forest.F1000research,2018,7:179.
[46]KHURANA P,GOKHALE R S,MOHANTY D.Genome scale prediction of substrate specificity for acyl adenylate superfamily of enzymes based on active site residue profiles.BMC Bioinformatics,2010,11(1):57.
[47]李志杰,张凯,翟宇佳,周强军,耿运琪,孙飞.线虫烯脂酰CoA水合酶的克隆、表达、纯化及初步晶体学分析.生物物理学报,2010,26(1):37-48.LI Z J,ZHANG K,ZHAI Y J,ZHOU Q J,GENG Y Q,SUN F.Cloning,expression,purification and preliminary crystallographic analysis of Caenorhabditis elegans Enoyl-CoA hydratase.Acta Biophysica Sinica,2010,26(1):37-48.(in Chinese)
[48]KRIVORUCHKO A,ZHANG Y,SIEWERS V.Microbial acetyl-CoAmetabolism and metabolic engineering.Metabolic Engineering,2015,28:28-42.
[49]ANDREWS M,LEA P J,RAVEN J A,LINDSEY K.Can genetic manipulation of plant nitrogen assimilation enzymes result in increased crop yield and greater N-use efficiency an assessment.Annals of Applied Biology,2015,145(1):25-40.
[50]吕娜娜,沈宗专,王东升,刘红军,薛超,李荣,沈其荣.施用氨基酸有机肥对黄瓜产量及土壤生物学性状的影响.南京农业大学学报,2018,41(03):456-464.LV N N,SHEN Z Z,WANG D S,LIU H J,XUE C,LI R,SHEN Q R.Effects of amino acid organic fertilizer on cucumber yield and soil biological characters.Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University,2018,41(3):456-464.(in Chinese)
[51]武姣娜,魏晓东,李霞,张金飞,谢寅峰.植物氮素利用效率的研究进展.植物生理学报,2018,54(9):1401-1408.WU J N,WEI X D,LI X,ZHANG J F,XIE Y F.Research progress in nitrogen use efficiency in plants.Plant Physiology Journal,2018,54(9):1401-1408.(in Chinese)
[52]POLACCO J C,MAZZAFERA P,TEZOTTO T.Opinion-nickel and urease in plants:Still many knowledge gaps.Plant Science,2013,199/200:79-90.
[53]张亚玉,孙海,高明,孙长伟,汪景宽.吉林省人参土壤中重金属污染水平及生物有效性研究.土壤学报,2011,48(6):1306-1313.ZHANG Y Y,SUN H,GAO M,SUN C W,WANG J K.Pollution level and bioavailability of heavy metals in ginseng soil Jilin Province.Acta Pedologica Sinica,2011,48(6):1306-1313.(in Chinese)